About the new model of institutions of sustainable innovative development in Russia

The article analyzes the activities of innovative development institutions in Russia. The key problems that hinder innovation processes and the development of innovation infrastructure are identified. The tasks and main areas of activity of large innovative development institutions are defined. Key performance indicators of development institutions are proposed, as well as a set of measures that ensure the effectiveness of their functioning in modern Russian.


Joint-Stock
Special attention is paid to the issues of evaluating the effectiveness of Russian development institutions, identifying their strengths and weaknesses in comparison with similar development institutions operating in several of the world's leading innovation ecosystems and participating in improving the financial results of the real sector of the economy in the report presented by the Financial Research Institute [2]. Scientists under the editorship of Rykova I. N. also prepared recommendations for clarifying regulatory legal and other acts. They regulate the activities of Russian development institutions in order to increase their effectiveness and contribution to the Russian economy. The analysis from the point of view of differences in the business models of the Foundation for the Promotion of Innovation, Russian Venture Company, Rusnano, Skolkovo, and their impact on the development of innovations is carried out in the work of T. V. Tishchenko [3]. The scientific works of A. I. Shinkevich, M. V. Shinkevich, and S. S. Kudryavtseva pay special attention to the modeling of innovation processes and the identification of key institutional factors at the micro, meso, and macro levels that contribute to the development of innovations [4][5][6]. Milkina I. V. [7] in her works reviews the most effectively functioning development institutions at the federal level, which is accompanied by data on the results of their activities in the regions and municipalities of Russia. The analysis of the main factors and conditions that determine the main directions of investment in priority projects is presented in the scientific works of Kostyukhin Yu.Yu., Sidorova E. Yu. [8][9][10]. At the same time, we consider it necessary to identify the main problems that hinder the effectiveness of development institutions, and to determine key performance indicators in order to assess the effectiveness of innovation development institutions in the Russian environment.

Materials and methods
The theoretical basis of the study was the work of scientists of a theoretical and practical nature, studying the effectiveness of the institutions of innovative development. The methodological basis of the study was based on general scientific approaches to research: system analysis, description, comparison, methods of cause-and-effect relationships, and the graphical method. The information base was made up of scientific and analytical reports, official websites of research objects, and data from the Federal State Statistics Service.

Results and discussion
Development institutions provide support through the financing of business projects, the provision of infrastructure support, as well as co-financing of R & D. The main areas of support for business development institutions are projects that have a significant impact on the social and economic situation of the territories of Russia, including: -projects that promote the creation of innovative high-tech products, competitive production facilities using innovative technologies; -projects that comply with the import substitution policy; -projects in the field of nanotechnology; -support and development of small innovative enterprises.
The key tasks and directions of the main development institutions are presented in Fig. 1.  (Table 1), and 270 billion rubles are also planned for the next 3 years. However, the level of innovation has not increased in recent years. The share of innovative products is 6% instead of the planned 25 % in 2020. From 1990 to 2020, the number of researchers decreased by more than 3 times (Fig. 2). -placement of money on deposits, which is due to the lack of promising projects in the market conditions with high quality teams, as well as significant bureaucratic pressure and the risk of prosecution of the heads of development institutions for unsuccessful investments; -exporting money instead of importing technology; -unreasonably high salaries of top managers, etc. The main problem is the formation of a system of criteria and key performance indicators for supporting development institutions, depending on priorities, and the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of Russian development institutions in comparison with similar structures operating in the world's leading innovation ecosystems, as well as improving their effectiveness and contribution to the Russian economy.
The low efficiency of the institutions is also recognized in the government, and therefore a decision was made to reform them. As a result of the audit of 40 federal institutions, eight were decided to be liquidated, and the rest were enlarged. Due to the consolidation, the institutions will be strengthened financially, they will expand the range of opportunities and eliminate parallel budgets. In particular, Russian Venture Company will come under the wing of the Russian Direct Investment Fund, which proved itself with the Covid-19 vaccine. The Russian Science Foundation will be subordinated to the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. Innovative development institutions (in particular, Rusnano, the Bortnik Foundation, etc.) will be transferred to the management of Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs. Ultimately, the goal of the transformation is to launch a new investment cycle.
To assess the effectiveness of innovation development institutions in the Russian context, we propose a system of key performance indicators: 1 It is also necessary to remember that one of the key factors for the success of any institution is highly qualified personnel. And the basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the development institute should be supplemented with the principle of sustainable development, which implies evaluating any project for creating value for future generations.

Conclusions
It is necessary to develop a set of measures aimed at solving problems in the field of innovative development institutions and ensuring the effectiveness of their functioning in modern conditions. Decisions should include the following areas of activity: -development of regulatory documents for the purpose of monitoring and controlling the activities of development institutions and a clear definition of their legal status; -modernization of business models of development institutions that correspond to world practice; -reorganization of the organizational and legal forms of development institutions; -adjustment of mechanisms for bringing funds to recipients who are directly involved in the creation of innovative products; -conducting an assessment of the feasibility and effectiveness of investments in foreign funds; -development of measures to improve the efficiency of management of development institutions ' funds; -development of requirements for transparency and openness of the activities of development institutions, and general principles of their functioning, allowing to assess and monitor the effectiveness of their functioning both for the state and for society as a whole; -development and approval of a system of key performance indicators of development institutions by the state.