Analysis of requirements for modern finishing materials in interior solutions for inpatient facility ward units

This article is devoted to the detailed analysis of modern requirements for finishing materials, used in the interiors of inpatient facility ward units. The authors have studied a number of regulatory normative documents acting in the territory of the Russian Federation and analyzed the practical experience of interior decoration of ward units at the health care capital construction facilities. The authors highlight and describe the main requirements for the finishing materials for the inpatient facility ward units and point out the peculiarities of solutions in the interiors. A classification of modern finishing materials (with an indication of their technical characteristics) used in the decoration of interiors of long-term care units is made on the basis of the practical experience studied by the authors taking into account the functional purpose of the premises as well as the variants of visual design of interiors of inpatient facility ward units.


Introduction
With the development and modernization of the healthcare system in the Russian Federation, the issue of ensuring the quality and safety of medical activities carried out in health care institutions is most acute [1,2]. This is particularly true in the case of long-term care facilities, i.e. inpatient facilities.
This paper reviews the requirements for finishing materials used in the design of the interiors of inpatient facility ward units [3,4,6,7].
A number of papers and manuals [9,10,11,12] outline the general requirements for the interior decoration of health care institutions, as well as individual requirements for ward units. A special place in the interior design of health care premises is occupied by units for permanent or temporary stay of patients. In this regard, the requirements for the interiors of wards and public areas of inpatient facilities have a number of peculiarities: -technology requirements, which in this category of premises are primarily related to furniture and engineering arrangement [11]: functionally equipped medical bedside consoles, functional beds, functional bedside tables and bedside chests, sanitary units, equipped taking into account the requirements of accessibility of the room for people with low mobility (the requirements are divided by the criteria of accessibility, informativeness, safety, comfort) [5], special lighting of wards [9,10].
-technical requirements -engineering solutions aimed at ensuring effective and comfortable treatment, including ensuring compliance with regulatory sanitary [3] and fire requirements [8], safety requirements [2], climate control in both wards and public areas, equipment with modern doctor or nurse call systems, equipment with patient monitoring information systems, equipment of wards and other special units with medical gases and others.
-Aesthetic and psychological requirements for this category of facilities play a very important role in creating a comfortable stay and effective treatment. Modern interiors should create a feeling of home comfort and well-being for people with different types of diseases, the possibility, even while being treated in a health care institution to continue their communication with the outside world, as well as, if necessary, to continue to work on their favorite things. Preference is given to options that exclude "wet" processes in the finishing of such rooms.

Materials and methods
In this paper, the authors have analyzed a number of regulatory documents (including recommendations for interior design of hospitals), adopted in the Russian Federation, to identify typical requirements for finishing materials used in the ward units of health care institutions.
Based on these requirements, the authors studied the practical experience of implementing these requirements at capital construction health care facilities (major repairs, new construction, reconstruction), in particular with the execution of works in the ward units.

Results
Having synthesized the obtained theoretical and practical experience of interiors decoration of inpatient facility ward units, the authors have prepared Table 1, in which finishing materials (taking into account their compliance with standards, modern technologies, recommendations on coloristic solutions) used in the finishing of inpatient facility ward units, depending on their functional purpose were selected. All offered finishing materials are classified according to the type of finishing works. Based on the results of the study presented in Table 1, the authors have prepared options for the interior design of the inpatient facility ward units, depending on their functional purpose, presented in Figures 1-13. The proposed interior solutions fully take into account all the requirements put forward to the design of the inpatient facility ward units [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].

Discussion
The results of the research allowed us to systematize the requirements for finishing materials of inpatient facility ward units, as well as to determine a pool of finishing materials that fully meet the requirements of regulatory documents, as well as used in construction projects on the capital facilities. The results obtained will simplify the search for appropriate finishing materials used in the interior design of health care institution ward units.