Potato yield on dark gray soils when using microbiological preparation

. Increasing the yield and quality of potatoes is one of the most important tasks of potato industry. A promising method of increasing the productivity and quality of potatoes is to use microbiological preparations. Their action is due to the use of the properties of microorganisms that can transform the elements of soil nutrition from forms inaccessible to plants to assimilable ones. Consequently, it can be concluded that the study of potato productivity on the dark gray forest soil using the microbiological preparation Biocomposite-correct is an actual area of research. The results of the conducted research show that the used preparation Biocomposite-correct had a positive effect on the elements of the crop structure and potato yield.The optimal rate of application of the preparation Biocomposite-correct (3.0 l/ha with a working fluid flow rate of 400 l/ha), was determined in the course of the experiment. On average, the maximum increase of the mass of potato tubers from one bush was observed in the variant with the use of Biocomposite-correct in the dose 3.0 l / ha (+ 387.1 grams), which is 92.2% more compared to the control, where the maximum yield was 24.2 tons/ha.


Introduction
One of the most important crops is potato. It stands on the same stage as crops such as wheat, corn, rice in the world production of crop production [1].
Increasing the yield and quality of potatoes in our time is one of the most important tasks in the potato industry. In modern conditions, it is important to observe agricultural techniques for cultivating potatoes and the use of biological preparations that can limit the spread of infectious diseases in the field and ensure the maximum quality of potatoes [3,5,6]. One such technique for improving potato productivity and quality is the use of microbiological preparations. Their effect is due to the use of the properties of microorganisms capable of converting soil nutritional elements from forms inaccessible to plants to digestible ones. At the same time, high concentrations of such drugs are not required and it is possible to use them together with pesticides familiar for use in crop production. It is microbiological preparations that can affect the resistance to pathogens of various diseases, the physiological and biochemical processes that occur in plants, the functioning of their immune system, and as a result of all these processes, the productivity and quality of potato varieties [8,11,13].
In this regard, it can be concluded that the study of potato productivity on dark gray forest soils using the microbiological preparation Biocomposite correction is an urgent area of research [2][3][4]16,17].

Materials and methods
The experiments were carried out in the conditions of the Ryazan region, on dark gray forest heavy coal soil, in 2015-2020.
The object of research was the variety of Gala potatoes, which is medium-ripe for table purposes.
Zavorov potato growing technology was used as a base. Agrotechnical techniques during the experiments were carried out in the optimal time frame.
Winter ears were chosen as the antecedent. The experiment was conducted with quadruple repetition. Potato tubers were planted in the first part of May. A fraction of tubers 70-85 g was selected.
Landing was carried out according to the scheme 70 × 30 with the norm 3.3 t/ha. The total area of the plot was 75 m 2 , counting 60 m 2 .
During the vegetation of experimental plantings, the following treatments were used: 1) Zenkor herbicide was used to control weeds until seedlings appeared in a dosage of 1.4 kg/ha; 2) in global lesion of planting by larvae of Colorado beetle, treatment with double spraying with insecticide Karate Zeon at dosage 0.1 l/ha.
A suspension with culture fluid of a consortium of highly effective strains of various types of bacteria, some of which have not previously been used in microbiological preparations for agricultural purposes. Biocomposite correction includes composition of living bacteria culture and results of their metabolism.
Studies were carried out according to standard, generally accepted methods in accordance with regulatory documents. The implementation and processing of the results of the experiment was carried out by the method of dispersion analysis of Dospekhov B.A. (1985), and the "Methods of Research on Potato Culture" developed by the All-Russian Potato Research Institute (NIIKH, 1967) [7,9,10].

Results
The results of the studies show that the Biocomposite correction used had a positive effect on the elements of the crop structure and potato yield (Table 1). On average, the maximum increase in the mass of tubers from one bush of potato is marked on the Biocomposite correction version, 3 l/ha (+ 387.1 grams), by 92.2%, compared with the control. A high number of tubers from one plant was observed in the microbiological fertilizer treatment version with a dose of 3 l/ha (11.1 pieces). The largest indicator for the average weight of one tuber was noted on the Biocomposite correction version, 4 l/ha (83.4 grams).
A tendency to increase the tuber yield with an increase in various doses of the drug was revealed. were recorded in 2017, 2019, and 2020. The highest yield was obtained in 2020 on plots with Biocomposite correction treatment, 4 l/ha (31.7 tons/ha). Analyzing the economic efficiency of options in potato production technology, the control option in the experiment was economically unprofitable. The maximum in experiment cost of 1 ton of products ($111.8) under control, without microbiological fertilizer treatment, and low profitability (72.0%) are due to not high tuber yields. On average, the maximum profitability was achieved on the Biocomposite correction version, 3 l/ha (80.2%), which is + 8.2% higher than the control version.
The carried out studies make it possible to conclude that the microbiological preparation Biocomposite-correction also had an influence on thebiochemic composition of Gala potato tubers (Figure 1). As can be seen from Figure 1, the use of the microbiological preparation Biocomposite correction as a whole positively affected the biochemical composition of Gala potato tubers. Application rates of 3.0 l/ha and 4.0 l/ha on average over the years of research showed the best and practically the same results for the investigated indicators (content of dry matter, vitamin C, nitrates, starch). Compared to the control, there was an increase in dry matter content by an average of 4.9%, vitamin C by 5.5%, starch by 10.1%. The nitrate content on average decreased by 17.5% compared to the control.
The analysis of the obtained data suggests that the use of Biocomposite-corrects positively affects the biochemical composition of Gala potato tubers in all application rates, but the best and practically the same values were achieved at a rate of 3.0 l/ha and 4.0 l/ha.

Conclusion
Thus, in the experiment, the optimal rate of application of the preparation Biocomposite correction, 3.0 l/ha with a working fluid consumption of 400 l/ha was determined. On average, the maximum increase in tuber weight from one potato bush was noted in the version Biocomposite correction, 3.0 l/ha (+ 387.1 grams), by 92.2%, compared with the control, where the maximum yield was 24.2 tons/ha. The highest yield was obtained in 2020 on plots with Biocomposite correction treatment, 4 l/ha (31.7 tons/ha).
As can be seen from Figure 1, the use of the microbiological preparation Biocomposite correction as a whole positively affected the biochemical composition of Gala potato tubers. Application rates of 3.0 l/ha and 4.0 l/ha on average over the years of research showed the best and practically the same results for the investigated indicators (content of dry matter, vitamin C, nitrates, starch). Compared to the control, there was an increase in dry matter content by an average of 4.9%, vitamin C by 5.5%, starch by 10.1%. The nitrate content on average decreased by 17.5% compared to the control