Working bodies of a moldboard plow for combined soil processing with a turnover of a layer

. The paper shows the issues of moldboard tillage with simultaneous additional cutting of a wrapped layer with disk working bodies. An overview of the main disk working bodies used in agriculture is given. The technical solution of a combined arable unit is proposed and the technological process of its operation is presented. A brief description of the laboratory and field installation is also presented.

and Electrification of Agriculture", Zernograd, Pakhomov V.I., Rykov V.B., Kambulov S.I., Doctors of Sciences, are the most promising and when using various variations of moldboard working bodies, positive results were obtained in their use in cultivation of agricultural crops. Table 1 shows the various forms of disk working bodies that are widely used in tillage, their purpose is shown as well [3]. Disks, both with passive and active drive, are used as the main and additional working bodies in disk huskers, plows, tuber harvesters and other machines. If the passive disk moves along the soil surface without sinking, then we can say that in this case the disk rolls without sliding and slipping, the instantaneous center of velocities is located at the point of contact of the disk with soil surface. When the disk moves with a slip, the instantaneous center of velocity is located on the straight line connecting the center of the disk with the point of contact of its blade with soil surface.
As the circumferential velocity increases, the instantaneous velocity center approaches and coincides with the center of the disk. If the disk moves with a slip, the instantaneous center of velocity is below the point of contact of the disk blade with soil surface. In the process of plunging the disk into the soil, its resistance increases. This suggests that the kinematic parameter will decrease with increasing depth.
The results of experiments of leading scientists show that as the freely rotating disk is plunged into the soil, the resistance increases. This hidden pattern is determined by friction forces acting on the blade and the side surfaces of the disk. If we give the disk to force rotation without taking this phenomenon into account, then the rotation mode may be such that the disk itself will tend to rotate the drive shaft and, due to the circulation of intermediate power in the transmission, there will be overloads, and it was decided to abandon such complex structures.
We propose to install a battery of disk working bodies on individual ridges directly behind each body of the plowshare, namely, behind the blade, so that the battery grinds the wrapped layer of soil with the plow body and thereby gives it a more finely lumpy structure Figure 1.
The essence of the technical solution ( Figure 1) is that we install a battery of disks 9 on the individual ridge 7, 8 directly behind each body of the plow. The working body is made in the form of a solid disk with cutouts in the middle part to reduce the metal consumption and weight of the structure. The ridges 7, 8 have a hinged design 10, which allows you to transfer disk batteries to the transport position without disconnecting them from the arable unit. The device for tillage works as follows [4]: The moldboard plow, penetrating into the soil with bodies consisting of rack 2, ploughshare 3, boot 4, field board 5, moldboard 6, cuts off the soil layer and lifting it along the moldboard 6 of the body, wraps it to the bottom of a furrow, fixed on the plow frame 1 on individual ridges 7,8 of batteries of disks 9, penetrating into a wrapped soil layer with their cutting edges, crumble it into smaller fractional components, and thereby giving a leveled structure to the field surface, closing moisture in it, and weeds, embedded in the bottom furrow, have no connection with external environment, which leads to their natural death [3,4]. Table 2. Brief characteristics of laboratory-field unit.

Parameter
Value Gripping width of one plow body, cm 35 Gripping width of the whole unit, cm 140 Diameter of used disks, mm 420, 510 Tractor for tests, kWt (МТZ-1221 and analogues) 97 The definition of design parameters of a moldboard plow with rotary working bodies consisted in the fact that additional rotary working bodies are mounted in the form of batteries of disks, the geometric parameters of which are limited only by the length of the ridge and the angle of attack. The section of disk working bodies is assembled on the basis of the movable rack 2 of the bearing unit 3 and the wavy disk 4 ( Figure 2). Sections made up of these disks have the ability to install both one and two disks on both sides of the rack, forming a disk battery, while the operation of each disk will not depend on the other [5,6].
These studies are intended to establish the regularities of changes in the kinematic parameter of the disk at different depths, as well as depending on the size of the diameter when interacting with soil, and to develop a method of analytical calculation of forces acting on the disk to establish the regularities of changes in energy parameters from operating modes and its diameter.
The theoretical method of research is based on the use of literary information sources, theoretical mechanics, analytical geometry and classical methods of mathematics.
The experimental method is based on model and laboratory -field experiments. Experiments on the study of the kinematic parameter will be carried out directly in the field in the established agrotechnical terms [7].
In this paper, we have proposed a technical solution for a combined moldboard arable unit for additional cutting of a wrapped soil layer. This method is effective, since by combining technological operations, we achieve a reduction in the passage of aggregates through the field when preparing the soil for sowing. Using the proposed technical solution, an additional effect of cutting the wrapped layer is achieved, and the installation of wavy disks on individual ridges and racks will additionally ensure the copying of the relief of wrapped furrows and, as a result, perform soil processing more effectively.