Digital tools for marine activities sustainable development under climate change and COVID-19

. There are presented digital tool development results for the sustainable development of marine activities adapted to climate change and COVID-19 conditions. Arctic and Subarctic are selected as main area of sustainable development of marine activities. Digitalization of geoinformation support for the sustainable development of marine activities is main direction of the research. Aim of the study is to create digital tools of geoinformation support for sustainable development of marine activities, taking into account the above factors. It is proposed to use open-source geoinformation online platforms while the sustainable development of marine activities in the Arctic and Subarctic in the period of Industry 4.0 in the context of climate change and COVID-19. Examples of the use of the proposed digital platforms are considered. The results of the research can be used for educational purposes, as well as be useful for private investors, state and municipal organizations.

The purpose of this article is the digitalization of the GESS for the NRM, ES and CM within the framework of the SDMA, especially in the Arctic and Subarctic. The article describes the results of the development of innovative digital tools NRM, ES and CM within the framework of the SDMA, especially in the Arctic and Subarctic, within the GIM paradigm, including the issues of information collection and processing [28][29][30] in the context of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods
In research, we used Foresight technologies, risk management approach, theory of decision making under uncertainties, Foresight technologies, methods of data bases constructing and web-technologies. Also, it is used big data technologies [28][29][30]. From the point of view of GIM, geo-space structured to allocate the interconnected components of the solution space [4]. In research, it is used data bases and tools of geo-information digital online platforms (GIDOPs) VesselFinder https://www.vesselfinder.com/ and EOS, including its Land Viewer (LV) product https://eos.com/landviewer/.

Results
As a result of the study, it is argued that the marine activity digital transformation, especially in the Arctic and Subarctic, at the present stage should be implemented in the paradigm of sustainable development as an interconnected set of large natural and industrial projects (PIP) within a single space-time space and a single adequate geoinformation and management support. Based on research using Foresight technologies, it is proposed to develop a GESS and a MSS for SDMA, especially in the Arctic and Subarctic, with a combined structure for accessing, storing and analyzing information from open geospatial data sources, including archives and web-based operational tools. It is proposed to use the geoinformation distributed online platforms (GIDOPs) VesselFinder https://www.vesselfinder.com/ and EOS, including its Land Viewer (LV) product https://eos.com/landviewer/ as the main technological solutions to GISS and a MSS for SDMA, especially in the Arctic and Subarctic.
In fig.1-3, we present examples of above mentioned GIDOPs using.   As the main result, we propose to use the above-mentioned GIDOPs as the basis for a low-cost GISS and MSS for SDMA, especially in the Arctic and Subarctic. Note, decoding and discussing the data from figures 1-3 is not the task of this article.

Discussion
Above proposed low-cost innovative digital tools for SDMA can be used in educational and training purposes [2]. The essential task of university practical learning in the field of SDMA will be to teach students the practical aspects of work with GISS tools, which requires a develop d learning base within special geo-information systems (GIS) laboratory. In some cases, real practical work in special GIS laboratory can be undergoes with virtual reality (VR) technologies, that can reduce total cost of learning process.

Conclusions
Paper discusses innovative digital tools development for SDMA, especially in Arctic and Subarctic, which simultaneously takes into account the impact of the period of Industry 4.0, climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic. In research, there was used Foresight technologies, theory of decision making under uncertainties, risk management approach, methods of data bases constructing, web-technologies and virtual reality tools. As study result, authors suggest to use GODOPs VesselFinder and EOS, including its Land Viewer (LV) product, as the main digital tools within GISS and MSS for SDMA, especially in Arctic and Subarctic. Research results can be recommended to use in educational and training purposes, including preparing Master's programs in environment economics, Earth sciences and others areas. The presented research results have significant scientific novelty can be useful for private investors, independent market players, government and municipal organizations. In article, all graphical materials are original and produced by authors with data from open sources.