Russian writers ' aphorisms as a reflection of Russian linguoculture and the basis for the formation of a harmoniously developed personality

Russia Abstract. The article deals with aphoristics as a translator of the basic concepts of Russian linguoculture. The history of Russian aphorism reflects the history of the ethnic group, as well as all the changes in the public consciousness, while simultaneously fixing and preserving the same basic values. The researchers conducted a semantic analysis of the corpus of aphorisms recorded in the Dictionary of Aphorisms of Russian


Introduction
Russian culture, Russian literature and linguistics have always been interested in the wise word and aphoristics. It is well known that the history of Russian Aphoristics began with the history of Old Russian literature. Let us remember, for example, the aphorisms in "Teaching Your Children" by Vladimir Monomakh or "Supplication" by Daniel Zatochnik.
However, many theoretical problems have remained unsolved so far, although aphoristics has been studied in various aspects. All existing points of view on the nature of aphorisms can be summarized and divided into four groups: • an aphorism is a literary genre (N. T. Fedorenko, L. I. Sokolskaya, [1] S. A. Shatalova [2]; T. I. Damm [3] , etc.); • an aphorism is a special form of presentation of philosophical views (I. V. Lukyanets  The basis for understanding the essence of aphorisms and aphoristics, in our opinion, should be an awareness of the dual nature of this phenomenon: both as a genre of literature, and as a part of phraseology in a broad sense. Note that for the In contrast to low-quality lexicographic publications, dictionaries of aphorisms with a serious scientific description are created, which help modern people to preserve moral guidelines.
"Russian Writers' Dictionary of Aphorisms" created in 2004 and reissued in 2005 and 2007, "the Dictionary of Aphorisms of Russian Writers of the XVII -XX Centuries" [19] was created by a team of authors and had an original concept.
At the beginning of the work, the authors of the dictionary had to solve a problem of a terminological nature, the question of the linguistic essence of the aphorism, then the concept of the "Dictionary of Aphorisms of Russian Writers" was compiled.
Firstly, the principle of the thematic arrangement of aphoristic material, which is widely used in modern editions of aphorisms, is rejected. Note that the principle is quite productive, but discredited in many popular dictionaries.
It was supposed to give a kind of anthology of aphorisms of most writers and poets of Russian literature, starting from the XVIII and ending with the XX century. The dictionary includes material extracted from the works of Russian writers, let us specify Russianspeaking writers, since the dictionary includes statements by Fazil Iskander, Vasil Bykov, Chingiz Aitmatov, Vladimir Nabokov, and Yanka Kupala. We believe that we have no right to exclude these remarkable writers from our field of view, from the history of Russian literature.
For example: Wisdom is a mind infused with conscience (F. Iskander) Secondly, we tried to cover an extremely extensive material, considering the texts of writers starting from the XVIII century, from A. Kantemir, V. Kapnist, A. Sumarokov, finishing with the most modern works that were published a year or two ago. Among the modern writers whose aphorisms are included in the dictionary, we can name Yu. Polyakov, V. Pelevin, etc. We have not seen such a wide coverage of the material in the latest dictionaries on aphoristics.
For example: There is, apparently, some strange correspondence between the general pattern of life and those small stories that constantly happen to a person and to which he does not pay attention. (V. Pelevin) Of course, the completeness of extracting aphorisms from texts will not always be absolute. It is impossible to say that all the aphorisms of A. S. Pushkin, L. N. Tolstoy or A. M. Gorky will be presented. This task is almost impossible.
Thirdly, Russian literature is an integral and indivisible whole, so the dictionary presents the aphorisms of writers and poets of all three waves of the tragic Russian emigration.
Fourthly, we tried to avoid numerous repetitions of aphorisms found in many dictionaries, "wandering" from one edition to another, and used materials not presented in such books.
Fifthly, we have presented in our dictionary the aphorisms of writers and poets of both the "first row" and the "second row". We believe that it would be wrong to take into account the works of only famous authors, even if they are the glory of Russian literature. Writers and poets of the "second and third rows" also defined the history of Russian literature and influenced the development of the literary language and the formation of moral values.
Sixthly, we believe that for the specific material of our dictionary, the following structure of the dictionary entry turned out to be the most productive: -full name of the author, and the pseudonym and real surname, years of life are indicated. In some cases, the author's name needs an accentological explanation, in which case the emphasis is placed; -then a number of aphorisms in alphabetical order.
The dictionary is equipped with an index of key words-concepts that relate the utterance to thematic blocks, which makes it easier to find an aphorism of a certain topic. The bibliography lists all the texts from which the aphorisms were extracted.
This dictionary became the basis for further lexicographic work. Modern conditions for the development of educational space require interactive resources. Therefore, it was decided to include the "Dictionary of aphorisms of Russian writers" in the structure of the lexicographic site "Map of Words". Russian dictionary is supposed to become the basis for the study of Russian aphoristics and, accordingly, the basic values of Russian linguoculture. Each utterance will be available to users with appropriate comments about who it belongs to, from which work of Russian literature it is extracted. Keywords-concepts from the interactive dictionary of aphorisms of Russian writers will be correlated with the corresponding lexemes from the explanatory dictionary, i.e. active cross-references are provided, which greatly facilitates working with the dictionary.
In general, it should be noted that the lexicographic popularization of Russian aphoristics in the Russian and foreign educational space makes it possible to focus the attention of modern people (not necessarily only young people) on the basic values of the ethnic group.

Conclusion
In today's post-industrial society, the problem of forming a harmoniously developed personality is incredibly relevant and represents a serious problem. Young people-school graduates and even students of universities and colleges, who receive a large amount of theoretical and practical knowledge, are not able to realize their responsibility not only for their future, but also to approach the issues of citizenship responsibly, to think about the future of their country. This, unfortunately, is a global trend, young people are infantile. Unfortunately, in the Russian Federation, there are also global trends when the sociocultural maturation of young people is delayed. Infantilism appears in cases when a young person has no authority, neither in the family nor in the social environment, there is a real spiritual and moral crisis of the individual. At the same time, young people do not have a basic system of values that helps self-determination.
The process of infantilization can be resisted only if the goal in the educational space is the formation of a harmoniously developed personality. Let us clarify that a harmoniously developed person should be considered a person who has creative potential, is able to transform the socio-cultural space around him and in the whole society, and also combines physical perfection and spiritual wealth.
The formation of a harmoniously developed personality is associated with humanitarian education, with the development of the inner world of a person, which in turn is associated with the spiritual culture of society. The spiritual and moral culture of the society is connected with the basic values of the ethnic group, which are recorded in aphoristics. Therefore, the study of aphoristics in the educational process is an urgent need.
The most productive way to study aphoristics is to refer to scientific lexicographic works, dictionaries of aphorisms and catch expressions of Russian classics. Russian classical writers ' thematic dominants completely coincide with the constants of Russian culture, recorded in the dictionary of Yu. S. Stepanov. Based on the sayings of A. S. Pushkin, F. M. Dostoevsky, L. N. Tolstoy, A. P. Chekhov, and I. S. Turgenev recorded in dictionaries, one can consider the value paradigm of the Russian world, including such conceptual antinomic concepts as life/death, faith/lack of faith, war/peace, wisdom/mind/stupidity, truth/lie, grief/joy, loyalty/betrayal, etc. A special axiological system of values in Russian linguoculture (and this is recorded in aphoristics) is Russia, Motherland, love, friendship, people, native language, art. In the Russian aphoristics of the XX century, among the sayings of writers, poets, and cultural figures, aphorisms that are thematically related to the understanding of the tragic history of Russia, the revolution, the Civil War, and the Great Patriotic War, which form a single semantic space -the "tragic perception of reality", occupy a large place. Russian aphoristics does not just fix the basic values, but represents them in diachrony, demonstrating the changes in the value system of a person in the Russian world.
By studying aphorism, each person is enriched spiritually, becomes familiar with the deep foundations of the axiological values of the ethnic group. Russian writers' aphorisms, being a reflection of the Russian linguistic culture in diachrony, can be the basis for the formation of a harmoniously developed personality.