Legal and civil patriotic education in Russia university as a factor of sustainable development societies

. The article analyzes the problem of forming patriotism and citizenship during the period of students ' education in higher educational institutions. Educational work is considered as an integral part of the educational activity of a higher educational institution. The goals and objectives of legal and civil patriotic education, its role in the formation of a full-fledged citizen and patriot of their country are formulated. The article re-veals the successful experience of individual educational institutions in or-ganizing mass events of a civil-patriotic orientation among students, as well as the difficulties and problems in conducting them. Special attention is paid to the experience of the Kazan National Research Technological University.


Introduction
Education is the most important strategic resource for the development of society. In the context of the formation of civil society in Russia, the main goal of education is the formation of a person who is professionally and socially competent, capable of creativity and self-determination in a changing world, with a developed sense of responsibility and a desire for creation. The priority of solving educational tasks in the system of educational activity is clearly indicated in the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education", which defines education as "a purposeful process of education and training in the interests of a person, society, and the state". Unfortunately, the gradual loss of the traditional Russian patriotic consciousness by our society has become more and more noticeable. Objective and subjective processes have significantly aggravated the national question. Patriotism in some places began to degenerate into nationalism [1]. In many ways, the true meaning and understanding of internationalism has been lost. The youth community lacks a clear understanding of the existing threats to national security and territorial integrity of Russia. In the public consciousness, indifference, selfishness, cynicism, unmotivated aggressiveness, disre-spectful attitude to the state and social institutions have become widespread. There is a steady trend of falling prestige of the military and public service. Educational work in higher education institutions plays a huge role in overcoming these trends.
The education of the individual during the period of study at the university is the most important stage of the socialization of the individual, when the purposeful educational impact on the person of the system of education organized and regulated by society is mainly completed [2]. At the same time, this stage is also the beginning of the period in the life of the individual, when a person as a whole completes the development of his life positionattitude to life as such and to his own life in this world, when he takes responsibility for the choices made and moves on to conscious self-education. This dictates the need for a systematic formulation of the educational process at the university, in which this field of activity acts in organic unity with the educational process and research training of students [3]. The relationship and interdependence of educational, scientific and educational work is determined by a whole set of qualities, attitudes and value orientations of the individual that determine the professional and social competence of a specialist.
Researchers ' appeal to the problems moral self-determination of young people has become necessary today in connection with the objective needs of modern society in the training of qualified personnel who are ready to solve professional problems in dynamically changing conditions. Scientific and technological progress, social changes in the country and the world as a whole, changes in the type of relations between peopleall this actualizes the increased requirements for the personality of a modern student.

Materials and Methods
The most important elements of an effective educational environment are the humanization and democratization of university life. Humanization means the development of a person as a person in unity with the provision of adequate conditions for this development. It is a system of mutually organized values, inscribed in the educational process and ensuring the recognition of the value of the educated person as a person, his rights to freedom, social protection, the development of his abilities, individuality, the formation of a sense of responsibility for the committed actions and results of activity. Humanization puts the individual at the center of the educational process as its main goal and is fundamentally incompatible with the technocratic ideology and practice that transform a person from an end to a means of solving problems solved by society [4]. The humanization of education is aimed at achieving the openness of individual and personal development and the integrity of the individual.
The requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education are also related to the ideas of civic and patriotic education through the formation of competencies: ability to work in a team, to perceive social, cultural and personal differences with tolerance (general cultural competencies); readiness for professional activity in accordance with the normative legal acts in the field of education (general professional competencies); ability to solve problems tasks of education and spiritual and moral development of students in educational and extracurricular activities (professional competencies).
Humanization is impossible without democratization of intra-university relations, pedagogy of cooperation, diversification and individualization of educational work. The democratization of university life involves the development of a system of relations between all participants in the educational and educational process, which is based on the constant expansion of the rights and powers, as well as the duties and responsibilities of all subjects of university management (administration, teaching and student teams). Democratization ensures the organizational, motivational, and psychological unity of all participants in the educational process as a group of like-minded people. Only in the conditions of democratization it becomes possible to develop such vital qualities of the educated as the ability to make responsible and informed choices, independence, competitiveness and initiative.
Patriotic education is associated with the formation of national identity among young people, including patriotic feelings and moods. Indicators of the level of patriotic education of students are their desire to participate in patriotic events, knowledge and implementation of socio-cultural traditions, respect for the past of their country, the desire to protect their homeland from external and internal destructive influences, the desire to work for the prosperity of their Fatherland. Proper education of each individual leads to the creation of a cultural, socially active and law-abiding society. In modern Russian society, legal education is becoming a national task, since the indicators and quality of legal education of citizens directly affect the development of the country, the creation of the rule of law, the purpose of which is proclaimed in Article 1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation [5]. The system of patriotic education provides for the formation and development of socially significant values, citizenship and patriotism in the process of education and training in educational institutions of all types and types; mass patriotic work organized and carried out by state structures, public movements and organizations; the activities of the mass media, scientific and other organizations, creative unions, aimed at reviewing and highlighting the problems of patriotic education, the formation and development of the personality of a citizen and defender of the Fatherland. Civil-patriotic education is particularly closely connected with educational activities aimed at the formation and development of citizenship and patriotism as the most important qualities and feelings that characterize a true citizen and patriot of their country.

Results and Discussion
In modern society, which is characterized by globalization and dynamism, there is an ambiguous attitude to moral norms, life meanings and rules of behavior. A number of normative documents identify the problem of moral education and prevention of socially dangerous behavior of young people. Psychological knowledge about the laws of moral selfdetermination becomes relevant in the transition periods of the formation of society, when there are changes in the value system in the knowledge of a person. The problem lies in the fact that the characteristic feature of Russian youth can be considered insufficient formation of value, spiritual and moral guidelines and lack of life experience, which increases the likelihood of making an erroneous choice when making responsible decisions. The youth national policy implemented in the Russian Federation involves the creation of conditions for young people that contribute to the activation of their internal potential in the direction of self-development and overcoming the crisis phenomena in the community.
The issues of civil and patriotic education are also discussed in the documents of our Government. The state program "Patriotic Education of Citizens of the Russian Federation for 2016-2020" addresses the issues of promoting the moral development of a person, the formation of his moral feelings (conscience, duty, faith, responsibility, citizenship, patriotism), and moral character (patience, mercy, kindness), moral attitude (the ability to distinguish between good and evil, the manifestation of unselfish love, readiness overcome life's challenges), moral behavior (willingness to serve the people and the Fatherland) [6].
Educational work is an integral part of the educational activities of higher education institutions and one of the main activities of all university officials. In the new conditions, it requires both the search for modern methods of working with students, and the revival of well-known forms . The effectiveness of educational work at the university is determined by the following conditions: -the availability of theoretical, methodological and methodological support for educational work, as well as the regulatory framework governing the activities of departments, officials and all participants in the educational process; -the existence of an organizational structure for managing educational activities that ensures clear interaction between all participants in the educational process and decisionmaking based on the analysis of reliable information received through feedback channels; -the presence of student self-government bodies and other public associations that form the environment of social, intellectual and creative students; -availability of the material and technical base and financial support for extracurricular work.
Educational work should have its own quantitative and qualitative indicators and criteria aimed at assessing its effectiveness. The development of criteria for the effectiveness of education, which can be considered as a kind of educational standardsis a complex work that represents an independent direction of scientific support for the educational process [7]. The absence of such data does not allow us to assess the level of educational work in a particular university in a relatively objective manner, which leads to random conclusions that sometimes do not correspond to the true state of affairs.
Civil and patriotic education at the university is inextricably linked and implemented through legal education-direct acquisition of knowledge. Legal training is a method of external expression and organization of the transfer of theoretical legal material to the object of education. The purpose of legal training is to form the theoretical basis of legal consciousness and legal culture, to provide the necessary level of systematization of knowledge about law, the development of legal interests, feelings, legal thinking, the formation of a scientific legal worldview. The general requirements of the society for legal education and training of students exist in official documentseducational standards. The goals of legal education of students are to develop cognitive interests in the process of perception of legal information, the development of moral and legal culture; education of civic responsibility, commitment to humanistic and democratic values enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation; the development of knowledge about the mechanisms for the implementation and protection of human and civil rights [8].
In personal terms, civic-patriotic education is associated with the understanding that each of us is a representative of the human race as a value, firstly; secondly, with the understanding that each of us is a citizen of a certain state, which is associated with state, national (interethnic) values; thirdly, with the fact that the individual acts as a representative of a particular nation, which is associated with ethno-social (national) values; personality is a part of a particular society, which is associated with group, collective, corporate, class values; personal values are associated with the "I-concept" [9]. Consequently, the essence of civic and patriotic education of students is to establish harmony between the values of different levels, which is expressed in the laws of this type of education.
Educational potential has a project-research, socially significant activities that allow young people to develop the personality qualities that are necessary for adaptation in modern civil society: patriotism, tolerance, citizenship, and others. Kazan National Research Technological University, located in Tatarstan-a multi-ethnic region-should become a center of social and cultural development [10]. Higher education is the most reliable factor of peace and tolerance, as it can stop the processes of spiritual and intellectual impoverishment of the nation, expand the educational potential of citizens, and create a basis for the comprehensive development of Russia. Within the framework of patriotic education, KNRTU hosts military sports games and sports contests; a review competition "Faculty Day" with the invitation of famous graduates, leading teachers and veterans; creates a film library about the activities of KNRTU, its history, veterans, basic personnel and enterprises; operates an international friendship club; organizes "Snow Landing" raids.
In 2003-2021, the Kazan National Research Technological University held student competitions of patriotic songs dedicated to the Victory Day. Organized by the Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences (since 2011-the Faculty of Sociotechnical Systems), it quickly developed into a universitywide event. The Regulations on the competition were developed, students of various specialties, the Council of War and Military Service Veterans of the Vakhitovsky District of Kazan, officers of the Institute of Military Training, and schoolchildren were involved. The contest itself, the creative results of which are, of course, of secondary importance, showed an amazing unity of generations, gave a powerful charge of patriotic emotions-pride in their Homeland and people, which was noted in their responses by both students and veterans.

Conclusions
Thus, the moral self-determination of students is carried out most effectively with the active participation of students in various activities, ensuring the social adaptation of graduates to the requirements of the labor market and the prevention of socially dangerous behavior student youth. It is in order to promote patriotic values, a healthy lifestyle, and sports that the authors of state programs prepare events that encourage young people to participate in the life of the state, work that contributes to its prosperity, and also to their own development personal development. Of course, being in close cooperation with young people, the state builds a dialogue in a language that is understandable to citizens, choosing the specifics of the activity, focusing on the interests of this age group, taking into account its own priorities.
Civil-patriotic education is based on universal, personal and civic values. Universal values include such important virtues as love, compassion, empathy, justice, and so on. At present, when reviewing the ideological position, changing the position of the individual in society, the importance of civil and patriotic education is overestimated. The formation of universal values, morality and culture among young people is of great importance. The defining idea in the education of students is the reflection of the fact that a person it exists only because of the meaningfulness of its life. A person can be considered someone who is responsible for the consequences of their actions, assessments, as well as for the adoption of certain standards of life. It is important to consider the person as a unique person. In the implementation of the tasks of civil and patriotic education of students, a well -structured work at the faculty, in the group and at the university as a whole plays an important role.