Study on machine for processing and preparing the soil for sowing potatoes on ridges

The technologies used to prepare the soil for sowing potatoes on ridges, consisting of numerous soil preparation operations, lead to loss of moisture, prolonging the sowing period and increasing operating costs. The aim of the research is to develop a machine for processing and preparing the soil for sowing potatoes on ridges. The authors have developed a technology for preparing fields for sowing potatoes on ridges and a machine for its implementation. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. On the basis of multifactorial experiments, the following parameters are justified: the angle of inclination of the ploughshare blade in the range of 6-70, the height and length of the guiding knife in the range of 94-110 mm and 107.2-136 mm, respectively. The main parameters of the working bodies of the machine and its technical characteristics are given. The results of the tests have established that the proposed machine for preparing the soil for sowing on the ridges reliably performs the specified technological process and its performance indicators fully meet the requirements. The use of the machine provides a reduction in operating costs for processing 1 hectare of area in comparison with the technical means used by 33.8 %.


Introduction
Currently, agrotechnical measures for preparing the soil for sowing potatoes on ridges, consisting of numerous operations of preparing the soil, leads to loss of moisture, delaying the sowing period and increasing operating costs . Kurdyumov [26], Zykin [26], Sharonov [26], Lakhmakov [27], Mamatov , Mirzaev [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]14], Aldoshin [2,[24][25][26], and Kodirov [6,6] were engaged in research on the creation and use of machines for processing and preparing soil for sowing on ridges, studying their performance indicators and justifying parameters, as well as studying the processes of interaction of working bodies with the soil. These studies, on the other hand, do not go far enough in looking at the concerns of tillage for seeding potatoes while simultaneously forming ridges that provide good quality work at low energy costs.
According to research, using a machine that performs all technological operations (surface loosening of the soil, deep loosening of the soil to a given depth, preliminary formation of ridges, and looting) can reduce fuel consumption and other costs, as well as the harmful effect of agricultural machinery on the soil, when preparing fields for sowing potatoes on the ridges. The study's goal is to create a tillage machine that can sow potatoes while simultaneously forming ridges, resulting in high-quality tillage while conserving energy and resources.

Methods
As a result of the analysis of the literature and preliminary scientific research, the authors have developed a new technology of soil preparation in one pass for planting potatoes in the bush and a machine that implements it. The machine (Fig.1) has a frame 1 and a suspension mounted on it 2, base wheels 3, axle softener claws 4, recesses 5, left and right turning hulls 6 and 7 with a guide blade, The profile consists of 8 reels. The machine is powered by Class 3 and 4 tractors. The frame is equipped with a spring-loaded claw, recesses and housings, and the rollers are attached to the frame by a hinged mechanism. In the process of work, the field softener claw softens the field in front of the body 15 cm wide, ie at a depth of 10 cm, and the pit softens the bottom of the formed ridge at a depth of 30-35 cm. the inverted roll forms a ridge, the profiled roller crushes the lumps, forms a soft layer, and forms the ridge completely. The data obtained as a result of multivariate experiments were processed according to the PLANEX program. At the same time, the Cohren criterion was used to estimate the variance of adequacy, the Student criterion was used to estimate the values of coefficients, and the Fisher criterion was used to evaluate the adequacy of regression models.

Results
As a result of the experiments, the following regression equations were obtained that adequately describe the evaluation criteria: -by the height of the ridge, (H, cm) (1) -according to the degree of crumbling of the soil (F, %) (2) -by the traction resistance of the working body (R, кN)  Tests of the soil preparation machine for planting potatoes were carried out in the fields of farms of Kashkadarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the tests, the machine was aggregated with an Arion-630 S tractor (Fig. 5).
Tests of the soil preparation machine for planting potatoes were carried out in the fields of farms of Kashkadarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the tests, the machine was aggregated with an Arion-630 S tractor (Fig. 5). Table 1 shows the test results of the machine. The experiments were performed on fields intended for planting potatoes in early spring.

Conclusions
a) The following parameters of the ploughshare body and guide plate are set: the angle of inclination of the ploughshare levi in the range of 6-70, the height and length of the guiding knife, respectively, in the range of 94-110 mm and 107.2-136 mm.
b) It is established that the proposed machine for preparing the soil for sowing on the ridges reliably performs the specified technological process and its performance indicators fully meet the requirements. c) The use of a machine developed on the basis of the conducted research for tillage when preparing it for sowing potatoes on ridges, reduces the direct (operational) costs of processing 1 hectare of area in comparison with the technical means used by 33.8 %.