Level of Glucose, Cholesterol and Albumin of repeatedly breed Madura Cattle

The current research aims to know the level of glucose, cholesterol and albumin of repeatedly breed Madura cattle. This research conducted in Madura Island for taking the blood sample. This research used 10 Madura cattle, the 5 cattle experiencing the repeated breeding and the 5 others are in the fertile condition. The results show that the glucose level of the repeated breeding cattle was higher, which was about (73.28±10.26 mg/dl) compared to the fertile cattle (69.96±20.23 mg/dl). Different from the total cholesterol of the repeated breeding cattle which was lower, it’s about (132.02±26.43 mg/dl) compared to the fertile cattle (135.28±24.83 mg/dl) using t-student analysis. Besides, the albumin level of the repeated breeding Madura cattle is lower, which was about (4.61±0.13 g/dl) compares to the fertile cattle which is about (5.26±0.44 g/dl). Based on the gathered data, there are no significant data but the level of the total cholesterol and the albumin of the blood in Madura cattle that experiencing the repeated breeding were lower than the fertile cattle. The high glucose level of the repeated breeding cattle was higher than the normal level of the common fertile cattle.


Introduction
The successful of the stockbreeding business can be seen from the improvement of the livestock population raised. The improvement effort must be supported by the good management. The poor management affects the low efficiency of the cattle reproduction. Providing the good quality feed and the good environment can support the reproduction performance of the beef cattle so that it can complement the nutrient requirement for the physiological process and the reproduction of the cattle.
Madura cattle coming from the Madura Island, Indonesia which potential local cattle to be developed. Madura cattle have advantages that are adaptive, have good fertility, resistant to disease [1] and have weighs birth about 20.55 kg [2]. Characteristic of Madura cattle are small body and horns than the Balinese cattle. Sapudi Island is location to purify the Madura cattle [3].
Madura cattle are bred in a natural way and artificial insemination. One of the reproductive disorders is repeated breeding. The repeated breeding shows that the cattle experiencing the failure in the reproduction performance. The repeated breeding is a female cattle condition which fails to pregnant after being breeding three times or more spaces services in the absence of detectable abnormality. Repeated breeding is influenced by several factors including genetics of male, female, environmental and management [4].
The fertility failure can be caused by the anatomic abnormalities of the reproduction tract, the abnormalities of ovum and spermatozoa, and the ovulation and the cysts ovarium failure. The other causes are the early embryotic death caused by the infection of the reproduction tract, the existence of certain disease and the presence of hormonal disorder. Generally, the cattle that experiencing the repeated breeding marked by the length of the calving interval (18-24 months), the low number of conception (< 40%), and the heights of the service per conception (>3) [5]. The heights repeated breeding will affect the low production and productivity of the cattle per year. The low nutrient feed can indicate the cattle to experience the repeated breeding. Therefore, in the efforts to improve the reproduction performance, the cattle feed nutrient status must be considered because it will influence the blood biochemical nutrient of the cattle, such as the glucose, cholesterol, and the albumin.
One of the ways to know the reproduction status of the Madura cattle is by observing the level of glucose, cholesterol, and albumin. The low level of the glucose can influence the energy produced by the cattle which affecting the fertility failure. Same as the heights cholesterol and albumin, it can influence the equality of the energy which affecting the fertility degradation and extends the anesthetic period. Besides the genetic and the environmental factors, the nutrient factor also indeed influences in improving the reproduction performance so that it really need to be considered and needing the good management. This research aims to determine the difference between the blood biochemical profile of Madura cattle that experienced repeated breeding and fertile cattle.

Methodology
This research was conducted on Madura Island for taking blood sample. Samples of cholesterol, albumin, and glucose were analyzed in the integrated research and testing laboratories, Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta. The materials used in this research were 10 cattle from the farm of the people consists of 5 fertile cattle and the 5 others are the cattle had been in the insemination or ever breeding naturally more than three times but there were no birth signs. Age around 3-5 years, normal reproduction, been breed at least once with a healthy body condition.

Results and Discussion
Result of the glucose, cholesterol, and albumin are shown in the Table 1. Results of the glucose level are shown that repeated breeding have the higher than the fertile cattle. The glucose level of the blood serum in the cattle which experiencing the repeated breeding more than of the normal level, which is about 46-60 mg/dl [6]. Fertile level is above normal level because in this research, the repeated breeding and fertile cattle not much different of the Body Condition Score; 3-4 on the 1-5 scale. Repeated breeding have more level caused the obesity factor which indeed influencing in the reproduction process. Based on [7], if the cattle have the body weight more than the ideal weight, the cattle will have the reproductive disorder and the metabolism disease. It also occurs if the cattle have less than ideal weight, it will affect the reproductive system. 205 days of age from weaning weight, 365 days of age of yearling weight were 97.00 ±13.77 kg and 120.00±10.86 kg [8] and then have service per conception (1.46 time), conception rate (58.80%) and gestation length (283.35±17.15 days) [9]. When the intake carbohydrate in the form of glucose over than needed, the over glucose will be changed into the calories which causing the disturbance to the reproduction apparatus and impacting to the occurrence of the repeated breeding. According to [10], state that the overfeed in a long time can cause the disturbance of the reproductive process of female cattle. The disturbance of the reproductive process causes by the fat deposits around the ovarium and burst ovary which causes the ovulated ovum hindered to enter the fallopian tubes thus there is no fertilization process occurs.
Glucose level testing on the repeated breeding cattle and the fertile cattle, it gained that the low average cholesterol level of the repeated breeding cattle (table 1). Based on [11], Cholesterol levels in horned cows and polled cows were 78.76±27.50 mg/dl and 64.87±25.46 mg/dl respectively. According to [11] total cholesterol of dairy cows in fertile condition around 166,08±37,06 and repeated breeding 124,59±34,73. The low cholesterol level of the repeated breeding cattle is still in the normal range. The not enough far difference caused by the feed given are not a far difference between one cattle and the others. Therefore, the fat content of the feed is also not too far difference. If the consumption of the cholesterol is over, it can increase the cholesterol level in the blood and if it is less, it can push the lust and the ovulation or reduce the total ovum ovulated [12]. State that cholesterol is the important element in the membrane plasma and the parental compound for the other steroid elements synthesized in the body like cortex hormone adrenaline, sex hormone, vitamin D, the bile acid [13].
The research result shows that the albumin level of the Madura Cattle blood serum which experiencing the repeated breeding is lower than the normal cattle. This clear differentiation shows that the low level of albumin causes the repeated breeding. Albumin levels in infertile bali cattle around 3.10-3.60 g/dl and fertile 3.2-4.2 g/dl [14]. Based on [15], the less albumin causes the occurrence of the low lust, quite a lust, anestrus, repeated breeding, early embryonic death, and embryos absorption that die by the uterus wall. Another function of albumin is due to its role in removing the nutrient process that is transporting the small molecules through the plasma and the cell fluids. Therefore, a normal BCS will affect the average albumin concentration [16]. This function is closely related to the free fatty acid metabolism, bilirubin and some types of the drugs that are less soluble in the water but must be carried through the blood from one organ to the others so that is can be metabolized or excreted. The lower the albumin level, the nutrient from the feed cannot be used maximally [17].

Conclusions
Cholesterol and the albumin level of Madura cattle with the repeated breeding condition were lower than the fertile cattle. And then the high glucose level of the repeated breeding cattle was higher than the normal level of the common fertile cattle.