Discussion on engineering geology of oil reservoir in oil and gas field development

: As an essential resource in the process of national economic development, oil and gas has a very important strategic position. As a non-renewable resource, various countries and regions attach great importance to the development and use of oil and gas resources. Generally, oil and gas resources are buried deep underground and are the most critical resources in geological exploration. Reservoir development is a very important work, in the development process involves a lot of professional content, if the development is not reasonable, there will be some geological problems. Therefore, this paper chooses reservoir engineering geological problems in oil and gas field development as the research object, first expounds the impact of reservoir geological characteristics on oil and gas field development, then analyzes the existing problems, and finally proposes corresponding solutions to improve the quality and efficiency of oil and gas field development.


Introduction
In the process of social development, people's demand for petroleum resources gradually presents a rising trend, and petroleum, as a non-renewable energy, needs to be attached great importance in its development and use.There will be some geological problems in the development, resulting in the occurrence of land subsidence or earthquake, this problem has a long-term and difficult to reverse, which will have a certain impact on People's Daily production and life, relevant departments should pay attention to.Therefore, this paper chooses to discuss the reservoir engineering geological problems in the development of oil and gas fields, so as to ensure a higher safety in the development process and promote the development of China's oil and gas industry.

Distribution of oil and gas deposits
Different distribution of oil and gas will have different ways in the process of exploitation.Specific reservoir distribution is mainly reflected in the following aspects.

The reservoir distribution
The so-called reservoir mainly refers to some rock layers for oil and gas storage, in which a large number of pores are distributed, and these pores are important locations for oil and gas storage [1].Therefore, in the process of oil and gas development, it is necessary to do a good job of reservoir distribution research.In the calculation of reservoir volume, it is necessary to use certain tools and technologies, on the basis of the study of reservoir distribution, and then according to the data of specific well points, the oil and gas distribution of underground reservoir is inferred.Before the development of oil and gas fields, if there is a lack of relevant data, it can not be easily exploited.Only with the support of a large number of favorable information and data can the exploitation work be carried out, so as to avoid the waste of manpower, material resources and financial resources in the exploitation process, and enhance the scientific and rational exploitation of oil and gas fields.

The pore distribution
Reservoir distribution is another important place in the pore distribution, pore as a storage medium, the cycle of oil and gas and has played an important role for oil and gas storage, underground in different regions will have different pore types, the role of these different pore in oil and gas storage also has a certain difference, in the oil and gas field development process, The permeability of different pores varies greatly, which is also an important factor affecting the development efficiency and quality of oil and gas fields.The oil and gas distributed in the pores need to be exploited with targeted measures to improve the quality and efficiency of production.

Fluid distribution
In the process of oil and gas exploitation, fluid distribution has a great influence, and the direction, quality and pressure of fluid are important factors affecting oil and gas development.There will be fluid distribution in oil and gas reservoirs, and the distribution of these fluids needs to be clear.In oil and gas reservoirs, if the fluid velocity is relatively fast, it will cause certain difficulties to the exploitation of oil and gas fields, which is not conducive to high-quality oilfield exploitation.

Influence of reservoir geological characteristics on oil and gas field development
3.1 Influence on oil displacement effect of oil and gas fields As an important work, oil displacement has received great attention in the development of oil and gas fields.The development of oil and gas fields can directly affect the results of oil and gas development.normal circumstances, the reservoir geology has certain difference, but if it is a water reservoir, will have higher oil displacement effect, don't need too much in the process of the concrete oil displacement equipment and technologies involved in, at the time of water, water reservoir can be according to the surface, water oil washed out of the rock gap, can a good oil displacement effect with water.In the process of oil displacement of oil and gas fields, the hydrophilic zone will produce a huge oil displacement effect, but also have a certain impact on the oil layer, driving oil separation, and under the continuous influence, more oil and gas can be produced.However, in the process of oil displacement, it should be noted that it is not possible to continuously add water to the clean oil layer.If a large amount of clean water is injected without comprehensive consideration, the development of oil and gas fields will be affected to some extent and the oil displacement effect of oil and gas fields will be reduced [2].Therefore, proper control of water injection and reduction of water content in oil are important contents to be considered.In the exploitation of oil and gas fields, if the time is too long, the reservoir pressure of oil and gas fields will be affected.In the case of low pressure, the development effect of oil and gas fields will be reduced.

Influence of oil reservoir on later development of oil and gas field
In the later stage of oil field development, some problems will gradually appear.For example, oil and gas reservoir pressure will gradually decrease in the later stage of development, which has an important impact on the overall development effect of oil and gas field.Relevant development enterprises will take certain measures to improve the reservoir pressure in the later stage of exploitation.According to the actual situation of oil and gas field development, appropriately increasing the reservoir pressure can assist the development of oil and gas fields and create favorable conditions for creating a good development environment.In the concrete solution measures, one of the most important is to inject water into the oil layer.In the process of water injection, we need to strictly control the amount of water injection and the speed of water injection, so that water can be accurately injected into the oil reservoir.The most important thing is not to affect the quality of oil and gas fields.In the process of water injection, the water injection process needs to be strictly controlled to improve the pressure of the oil field without affecting the overall quality of the oil and gas field.Only in this way can the effect of the later development of oil and gas fields be continuously improved [3].

Analysis of reservoir engineering geological problems in oil and gas field development
In the process of oil and gas field development, there will be some problems in reservoir engineering geology.These problems can have a huge impact on the surrounding environment, which is mainly reflected in the following two aspects.

Settlement problem
Before the oil and gas field is developed, the area in which the oil and gas field is located will present a relatively stable state, but in the process of gradual exploitation, this stable state is gradually destroyed [4].And increase gradually with the oil and gas field development strength, its stability has also been gradually reduced, eventually led to the surrounding environment affected by huge, oil and gas fields in the process of development, the underground fluid will gradually reduce, volume in the underground was affected by the huge present a reduced state, as the volume of oil and gas layer, eventually can cause a wide range of strata subsidence, The serious settlement problem will not only affect the surrounding ecological environment, but also seriously affect people's life and health safety.
Along with the development of industrial production and people's life, oil and gas field exploitation activities are also increase gradually, gradually makes the strata subsidence problems tend to worse gradually, from the point of the settlement of the actual situation, mining has achieved the zenith of high oil and gas fields, both at home and abroad, due to excessive oil and gas field development strata subsidence problems, It has a very important impact on the surrounding ecological environment.The occurrence of the formation settlement problem will not only affect people's production and life, but also affect the urban construction and development.If the formation settlement is serious due to the overexploitation of oil and gas fields, the urban development will be seriously affected.In the process of oil and gas production, there are certain characteristics of formation descent, which are mainly reflected in the following three aspects: first, the fluid injection volume is larger than the oil and gas production volume; Secondly, the subsidence phenomenon is caused by loose compaction of the overburden layer.Finally, the formation pressure drops, and the formation subsidence occurs during the exploitation of oil and gas fields.

Induced seismicity
An important influence in the development of oil and gas fields is to induce seismic activity.When not on oil and gas field development, the environment is stable, and in the oil and gas fields is developed gradually, after the local area underground situation must be changed, the earthquake problem gradually increased, especially in the oil and gas fields unrestrained development process, a large amount of fluid into the oil and gas fields, lead to the stress changes inside the rock, and will be gradually released, Over time, there will be the phenomenon of earthquakes.But in this case the tend to be lighter, the earthquake magnitude will be low, but is frequent, and if some oilfield is located in the special area, in a active area of the earth's crust, for example, is particularly vulnerable to earthquake and high frequency, magnitude in 2 above, will have an impact to people's life and property safety [5].
The increase in the frequency of small earthquakes, under the influence of a long time, will produce some large earthquakes, need to cause people's attention.The earthquake the main reason is that in some areas, deep when the stress reaches a certain limit, it will lead to a larger earthquake, so in the process of oilfield development, not only need to strictly grasp the flood situation, also need to strictly grasp of local earthquake situation before, need to work out some preventive measures against earthquakes, according to actual condition Ensure that earthquakes have a low impact when they occur and improve the ability to respond to earthquakes.

Measures to solve engineering geology problems in oil and gas field development
Oil and gas fields in the development process will produce some geological problems, the production of geological problems to the local ecological environment and people's living environment have a huge impact, therefore, need to take some measures to deal with reservoir engineering geological problems in oil and gas exploitation, make sure you are able to mining with high quality, specific solutions mainly reflects in the following respects.

Analyze the development of new and old oil fields
In the development of oil and gas fields, in order to minimize the relevant geological problems, it is necessary to analyze the development of new and old oil and gas fields in the process of exploitation.On the basis of comprehensive comparative analysis, it can ensure that it plays an important role in the development process of new oil and gas fields.By drawing lessons from the development of old oil and gas fields, a new development and improvement scheme is developed to ensure that the new development scheme can solve the disadvantages of the old scheme and improve the quality and efficiency of the development of new oil and gas fields.It is of great significance to make a comparative analysis with the old oil and gas fields, so as to judge the storage situation of the new oil and gas fields with the help of comparative analysis.According to the actual situation of the new oil and gas field, the actual plan of oil and gas field exploitation should be optimized or adjusted to promote the new oil and gas field to have higher quality in the development process.Therefore, in the process of developing new oil and gas fields, it is necessary to do a good job in the comparison and analysis of the development of old and new oil and gas fields, and constantly deal with the geological problems in the development process to improve the efficiency of the development of new oil and gas fields.

Strengthen the deep analysis of reservoir
structure system Generally, oil and gas fields are buried deep underground and their distribution is complicated.Therefore, in the process of oil and gas development, it is necessary to conduct in-depth analysis on the structural system of oil reservoirs according to the actual situation.The analysis of reservoir structure system needs to be carried out from many aspects.First of all, advanced technology and equipment can be adopted to analyze it.For example, big data technology can be used to integrate and analyze relevant data, and the original paper data can be converted into digital data to improve the utilization ability of data information.Secondly, it is necessary to constantly adopt new methods for in-depth analysis of reservoir structure system, which can be innovated on the basis of original methods to ensure that it can meet the requirements of the development of The Times and continuously improve the ability of reservoir structure system analysis.Therefore, in the process of oil and gas field development, it is necessary to conduct in-depth analysis of oil reservoir structure system according to the actual needs, confirm its distribution, and ensure that it can be highly standardized and scientific in the subsequent oil and gas field development process.

Make full use of the development mode of large -section combined mining
The development mode of oil and gas fields can have the most direct impact on geological problems.In the traditional development mode of oil and gas fields, blind exploitation can often have a huge impact on the geological environment, resulting in serious geological problems.In the new era, the development of oil and gas fields needs to be combined with the actual needs to innovate the development mode, which can take the way of large stage development to ensure that oil and gas fields have higher development efficiency and quality.In the process of using this kind of exploitation method, it is necessary to make sufficient preparations, master the distribution structure system of oil reservoir becomes the primary link of exploitation, and build the comprehensive exploitation scheme on the basis of comprehensive analysis.At the same time, with the development of modern advanced technology, the exploitation of oil and gas fields can be carried out with the help of multiple technologies, such as information technology, big data technology and computer technology, to assist the development of oil and gas fields.Therefore, in the process of exploitation of oil and gas fields, it is necessary to combine the actual situation, adopt the way of large joint production, and actively combine advanced technology, so as to make oil and gas exploitation can have high quality and efficiency, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of oil and gas industry.

Conclusion
Oil and gas resources play a very important role in the process of social development, in its development process, will produce some geological problems and a threat to people's health and the local ecological environment, therefore, at the time of oil and gas field development need to according to the actual situation to solve the problems of reservoir geological engineering, through the reasonable process and specification, To ensure the security of oil and gas development.