Growth and flower development of potting calamansi grown under local microorganism and different dose of Growmore

. Calamansi is the leading horticultural commodity of Bengkulu City. The study aimed to determine the best combination between Growmore doses and local microorganisms for the growth and flowering of Calamansi. This study used a Factorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor of Local Microorganisms (M) consists of two levels, namely without being given (M0) and given Local Microorganisms (M1). The second factor of Growmore (D) dose consists of four levels, namely 0 g / L (D0), 1 g / L (D1), 2 g / L (D2), 3 g / L (D3). The results showed that there was no difference in the combination between the treatment of local microorganisms and the dose of Growmore both on the growth and flowering of the potting of calamansi. In a single factor, Growmore doses have an intangible effect on the growth and flowering of the potting of calamansi. Likewise, a single factor of local microorganisms exerts an unreal influence on the growth and flowering of the potting of calamansi.


Introduction
Kalamansi is an icon of Bengkulu City, and has enormous potential to be cultivated.This plant has a higher vitamin C content as well as balanced calcium compared to other types of oranges [1].In Bengkulu, kalamansi fruit is processed first before being consumed as a drink.Although there are still few people who cultivate kalamansi, there is an urgency to develop agriculture in urban areas.People cultivate according to the concept of urban agriculture by using pots on limited land.
Fruit plants in pots are one of the methods of plant cultivation that utilize pots as a place for planting media [2].Because the plant is grown in a pot, the roots of the plant have limitations in looking for nutrients, so fertilization needs to be done.Fertilizer application aims to add nutrients in the soil that can be sourced from local microorganisms and foliar fertilizers.Local microorganisms are made from active living organisms that function to facilitate the availability of soil nutrients for plants as well as can add soil nutrients [3].The use of local microorganisms can be an alternative to support the needs of nutrients in the soil.Jakaba is a mushroom obtained from the fermentation of rice washing water.This study tested the administration of jakaba as much as 1500 ml per plant at a dose of 1/10 L of water against the growth and flowering of fruit plants in kalamansi pots.
Growmore is one of the inorganic fertilizers applied through the leaves.Growmore is a type of complete foliar fertilizer in the form of crystals that are easily soluble in water and easily absorbed by plants either through foliar spraying or watering into the soil [4].Anwar [5] states that foliar fertilizer for generative growth has a higher content of phospat elements than other elements.Growmore contains macro and micro nutrients needed by plants that can increase the growth of food and horticultural crops as well as plantation crops [6].Growmore contains nutrients that are needed in the growth and formation of plant flowers, namely macro nutrients and microelements, namely N 10%, P2O5 55%, K2O 10%, Ca 0.05%, Cu, 0.05%, Mg 0.10%, S 0.20%, B 0.02%, Fe 0.10%, Mn 0.05%, Mo 0.0005% and Zn 0.05% (Growmore Packaging Label).
Pratama Research [7], reported that spraying Growmore at a dose of 2 g / L gave the best results, at a time of appearing flowers 36 days and the number of flowers 147 florets against the growth of chickpea plants.The results of a study conducted by Sulistio et al [8], showed that spraying Growmore at a dose of 4 g / L gave the best results at a flower appearance time of 37 days against the growth of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.).The results of a study conducted by Sumiati [9], spraying Growmore at a dose of 2 g / L gave the best results of orchids for a budding time of 35 days.

Materials and methods
The research was carried out from August 2020 to November 2020 at the Experimental Garden of Sukamerindu Village, Sungai Serut District, Bengkulu City.The materials and tools used in this study, namely: Kalamansi shoots are 5 months old as planting material taken from LPPB in Pondok Kubang District, Bengkulu Tengah Regency, Growmore (10-55-10), manure, rice husks, topsoil soil, water, rice washing water, 70% alcohol, plastic labels, bamboo, 100L planter bags, waring and paranet as a shading roof.Plastic bucket, drill, cutter, digital scale, meter size 50 m long, ruler size 30 cm long, greenness measurement of leaves or SPAD meter, hand sprayer and stationery.
The study used a Complete Group Randomized Design.The first factor MOL (M) consists of two levels, namely M0= without being given MOL (Control), M1= MOL.The second factor of Growmore (D) dose consists of four levels, namely D1= 0 g/L, D2= 1 g/L, D3= 2 g/L l, D4= 3 g/L.The data were analyzed statistically using 5% and descriptive variance analysis (ANAVA).

Results and discussions
Summary of the analysis of the growth and flowering of the potting calamansi can be seen in Table 1.The results of the analysis of variance showed that MOL, Growmore and interactions, all had an unreal effect on vegetative growth and kalamansi flowering.

Effect of MOL on growth
The results of the analysis of the variance showed that the MOL was not real to the time of emergence of buds, the number of buds, the length of the shoots, the number of leaf buds, the greenness of the leaves and the number of stomata of the citrus plant (Figure 1).On MOL and control feeding, the time of emergence of shoots in a row is 7.24 days and 6.58 days (Figure 1A), the number of buds is 39.74 and 35.41 (Figure 1B), the length of the shoots is 241 cm and 230.56 cm (Figure 1C), and number of leaf buds 215.99 strands and 206.66 strands (Figure 1D), leaf greenness 56.42 and 56.84 (Figure 1E), number of stomata 206.16 and 218.74 (Figure 1F).This is in line with the results of research by Satriawi et al., [10] stated that MOL has an unreal effect on the length of the shoots of cucumber plants.The results of research by Wijiyanti et al., [11] stated that MOL had an unreal effect on the number of leaves of the mustard green plant.However, in contrast to the results of Rajagukguk's [12] research on rose plants, it shows that giving moles of 400 mL / plant increases the number of rose buds.
MOL and control have an unreal effect on the greenness of the leaves and the number of stomata.Leaf greenness at control 56.84, did not differ markedly at MOL treatment of 56.42.Meanwhile, with the control having 218 stomata, there is no noticeable difference on the MOL of 206 stomata.In line with the research of Wulandari et al., [13] that MOL has an intangible effect on the greenery of lettuce leaves.MOL has an unreal effect on calamansi can occur because the availability of nutrients in the soil is still sufficient and the possibility of giving MOL to plants has not been absorbed by plant roots.

Effect of MOL on flowering
The provision of fluorescent MOL is not real to the variables of flowering plant age, length of flower growth, length of time flower blooms into fruit, number of flowers and diameter of flowers (Figure 2).The average MOL and control have successive flowering plant ages of 10.49 days and 13.58 days (Figure 2A), flower growth duration 4.74 days and 5.74 days (Figure 2B), the length of time the flower blooms into fruit 1.83 days and 2.57 days (Figure 2C), number of flowers 10.91 flowers and 6.41 flowers (Figure 3D), flower diameter 2.22 cm and flower diamater 2.86 cm (Figure 2E).The results of the analysis of variance showed that MOL and control had an intangible effect on the age of flowering plants.In line with the results of research by Satriawi et al., [10] stated that MOL has an unreal effect on the age of cucumber flowering plants.MOL and control also showed unreal results on the variables of length of flower growth and length of time the flower bloomed into fruit.This phase is a transition period from vegetative to generative which is characterized by the emergence of flower buds to fruit.In this phase, the availability of K and P elements plays a very important role.The results of research by Wulandari et al [13] stated that the content of K elements in MOL was 0.02%.The P element contained in the MOL is 0.06% [11].Nutrient K can prevent flowers and fruits from falling easily.Nutrient P accelerates flowering and increases the percentage to fruit.The results of the variance analysis also showed that MOL and control had an intangible effect on the variable number of flower.This is in line with the results of research by Permadi et al., [14] showing that MOL has an unreal effect on the number of eggplant plant flowers.MOL and control showed results of an unreal effect on the variable diameter of the flower.This is also in line with the results of Arifin's research [15] showing that MOL has an intangible effect on the diameter of flower cabbage flowers.The development of flowers and fruits needs to be supported by sufficient and balanced nutrients, namely N, P, K and Ca nutrients.MOL has an unreal effect on kalamansi, this is thought to be due to insufficient MOL content factors for the growth and development of kalamansi flowers.

Effect of growmore dosage on growth and flowering
The results of the analysis of the variance showed that Growmore was unreal to the time of emergence of shoots, the number of shoots, the length of the shoots, the number of leaf buds, the greenness of the leaves and the number of stomata (Figure 3).The average kalamansi growth of budding appearing ranges from 5 to 8.33 days (Figure 3A), the number of buds ranges from 26.5 to 42.83 (Figure 4B), the length of the shoots ranges from 155.75 to 282.15 cm (Figure 3C), the number of bud leaves ranges from 160.5 to 231.66 strands (Figure 4D), the greenness of the leaves ranges from 52.43 to 58.3 (Figure 3E), the number of stomata ranges from 177.5 to 234.33 (Figure 3F).
Growmore shows the result of an unreal effect on the time of emergence of shoots.This is different from the results of Sumiati's [9] research on orchid plants showing that a dose of 2 gr of Growmore results in a faster bud emergence time.This is because the planted orchid is an acclimatization that is still in the early stages of vegetative growth.
The results of the analysis of the variance showed that the feeding of Growmore had an intangible effect on the number of shoots, the length of the shoots and the number of leaves of the shoots.This is in line with the results of research by Pitriyanto [16] showing that the provision of Growmore has an intangible effect on the number of shoots and the length of shoots of orchid plants.However, in contrast to the results of Satriyo's [17] research on eggplants, it shows that a dose of 3 gr of Growmore can increase the number of leaves.This is because eggplant is an annual plant where eggplant growth is faster than kalamansi which is an annual plant.
Growmore showed results of an unreal effect on the variable greenness of the leaves.In the growmore treatment 0 gr greenish leaves got a yield of 58.3 not significantly different on Growmore 2 gr with a leaf greenish yield of 57.47.In line with the results of research by Noventa et al., [18] showed that the provision of Growmore had an intangible effect on the greenery of Orchid leaves.Growmore doses showed an unreal effect on the number of stomata.In the Growmore treatment of 3 gr (234.33 stomata), there was no marked difference from the Growmore treatment at a dose of 1 gr (220.99 stomata).According to Haryanti [19], the role of stomata is closely related to the speed and intensity of transpiration in the leaves.Haryanti and Meirina [20], added that within certain limits, the more stomata the faster evaporation.When vegetative growth is needed Nitrogen.Growmore contains N elements by 10%.Nitrogen plays a role in vegetative growth because N stimulates plant growth [21].

Flowering of kalamansi
The results of the variance analysis showed that the dose of growmore was not real to the variables of flowering plant age, duration of flower growth, length of time of flower bloom to fruit, number of flowers and diameter of flowers (Figure 4).In Growmore administration, the average variable age of flowering plants ranged from 6.49 days to 22.83 days (Figure 4A), the length of flower growth ranged from 4.33 days to 6 days (Figure 4B), the length of time flowers bloomed into fruit ranged from 2 days to 2.33 days (Figure 4C), the number of flowers ranged from 5 flowers to 14.83 flowers (4D Figure ), flower diameters ranged from 2.3cm to 2.68 cm (Figure 4E).The results of the analysis of variance showed that Growmore administration had an intangible effect on the age variables of flowering plants.At a dose treatment of 2 grams with a flowering plant age of 6.49 days which did not differ markedly in the dose treatment of 3 grams whose flowering plant age was 8.33 days.According to Sutedjo [22], the phosphorus and potassium content in fertilizers plays a lot of roles in spurring flower formation.The results of the analysis of the variance analysis of the age variables of flowering plants have an unreal effect, this is in line with the results of research by Sulistio [8] showing that the provision of Growmore has an unreal effect on the age of flowering plants in cayenne pepper plants.
Growmore's giving showed an unreal effect on the variable length of interest growth.At a dose treatment of 3 gr, the duration of flower growth was 4.33 days, where this figure did not differ markedly at the dose treatment of 1 gr and 2 grams, namely 5.33 days.At the initiation of interest is needed Phosphor, Growmore contains the element P by 55% .According to Sutedjo [22], the phosphorus and potassium content in fertilizers plays a lot of roles in spurring flower formation.
Growmore's giving showed an unreal effect on the variable length of time flowers bloomed into fruit.At a dose treatment of 1 gram long time flowers bloom into fruits 2 days did not differ markedly at a dose treatment of 2 gr 2.16 days.When the development of the fruit requires potassium and phosphorus elements, in growmore foliar fertilizer the element P is 55% and the element K is 10%.The P element plays a role in accelerating the flowering and ripening of seeds and fruits.While the K element of fruit development, prevents flowers and fruits from falling easily on plants.
The results of the analysis of the variance showed that the giving of Growmore had an unreal effect on the amount of interest.In the growmore fertilizer treatment, the dose of 3 grams has a number of flowers of 14.83 flowers but it does not differ markedly which is given a dose of 2 gr of the number of flowers 9.66 flowers and a dose of 0 gr the number of flowers is 5.16 flowers.This is because the sample kalamansi is limited so that the errors obtained are large.According to Pratiwi [23], P nutrients serve to stimulate root growth, helping assimilation and breathing while accelerating flowering, ripening fruits and seeds.In line with the results of research Pitriyanto [16] shows that giving Growmore has an intangible effect on the number of flowers of orchid plants.
Growmore's giving showed an unreal effect on the variable diameter of the flower.The dose treatment of Growmore 2 gr with a flower diameter of 2.68 cm which did not differ markedly from the dose treatment of gromore 1 gram with a diameter of 2.59 cm.The results of the analysis of variance on the variable flower diameter have an unreal effect, according to research by Shita [24] states that the application of Growmore foliar fertilizer has an unreal effect on the diameter of rose plants.Spraying growmore fertilizer has an unreal effect, this can happen due to environmental factors.The environment that occurred during the study experienced high rainfall so that it is likely that the nutrients given using growmore through spraying became dissolved so that they were not optimally absorbed by plants.The total elements P and K given to plants during the study at doses of 0 grs, 1 gr, 2 gr and 3 gr respectively were 0, 1.62, 3.22 and 4.62 gr / planterbag and 0, 0.29, 0.58 and 0.84 gr / planterbag.

Flower color and fruit color kalamansi
Color is an important variable that is observed at the moment a person sees a plant.The color of flowers and fruits can be influenced by factors in the growing media.Color measurement using the Munsell Color Chart for plant tissue.Kalamansi flowers are white which indicates the strength of neutral achromatic color and the brightness level of the color (Figure 5A).Acromatic colors are colors that have brightness but lack hue and saturation.Like black, gray and white colors.It can be said that this color is a neutral color.Kalamansi fruits are green which means the strength of the color with a certain level of color brightness (Figure 5B).

Effect of MOL and Growmore on kalamansi flower color
The results of the study obtained that the treatment of D1M0, D2M0, D3M0, D4M0, D1M1, D2M1, D3M1 and D4M1 could not cause discoloration of flowers.The color of the flowers in the control plant (D1M0) is white, the white flower color is also seen in plants treated with D2M0, D3M0, D4M0, D1M1, D2M1, D3M1 and D4M1.This is in line with the results of Rachmawati's research [25] stating that the application of NPK fertilizer has an unreal effect on the color of hortensia plant flowers.

Effect of MOL and Growmore dosage on kalamansi fruit color
MOL and Growmore have no effect on the color of the fruit.The D1M0 (control) treatment produced the same green fruit color (5G 3/4) in each treatment, namely in the D2M0, D3M0, D4M0, D1M1, D2M1, D3M1 and D4M1 treatments.The color of the skin of the unripe kalamansi fruit in the lowlands of green color is characteristic.

Conclusions
1.There is no conflict in the interaction between the treatment of local microorganisms and the dose of growmore leaf fertilizer against the growth and flowering of the tabulampot of citrus kalamansi.

Fig. 2 .
Fig. 2. Effect of MOL on flowering calamansi: (A) Age of Flowering Plants, (B) Flower Growth Duration, (C) Long Time Flowers Bloom into Fruit, (D) The number of flower, dan (E) Flower diameter.

Fig. 4 .
Fig. 4. The effect of growmore on the flowering of calamansi: (A) Age of flowering plants, (B) Flower growth duration, (C) Long time flowers bloom into fruit, (D) The number of flower, and (E) Flower diameter.

E3S 2 .
Web of Conferences 373, 03014 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337303014ISEPROLOCAL 2022 The dose of fertilizer of the leaves of growmore has an intangible effect on the growth and flowering of the tabulampot of citrus kalamansi.3. Local microorganime treatment has an unreal effect on the growth and flowering of the tabulampot of citrus kalamansi.

Table 1 .
Summary of the analysis of the growth and flowering of the potting calamansi.