Strategy analysis of social capital and intellectual capital in increasing empowerment of rice farmer groups in Kuok district Kampar Regency

. Social capital and intellectual capital become the determining factors in increasing the empowerment of farmer groups, including farmers' groups for rice commodities. Rice is the main commodity in Kuok District with the largest planted area, harvested area, and total production in 2020. The objectives of this study are; 1) Identify the forms of social and intellectual capital in farmer groups, and 2). Formulate social and intellectual capital strategies in increasing the empowerment of farmer groups. The research was conducted in Kuok District, Riau Province. Respondents were determined by purposive sampling consisting of a rice farmer who became the chairman, and two members who were actively involved in group activities. The data analysis used is the Likert scale analysis, and Analytical Hierarchy Process. The results showed; The condition of social capital of rice farmer groups in Kuok District is at a moderate level with an intensity of 50.97 percent, whereas the same category is also found in intellectual capital with an intensity level of 51.93 percent. The level of empowerment of rice farmer groups in Kuok District is included in the "powerless" category with an intensity level of 35.15 percent. The strategy to increase empowerment through social capital and intellectual capital which is carried out in farmer groups is carried out with the main priority being directed to a pilot project that is managed by 1 (one) farmer group as a pilot accompanied by extension workers and other related institutions and can then be adopted by farmer groups other.


Introduction
There are differences in the socio-economic conditions of farmer groups in Riau Province, especially between rice farmer groups and plantation commodity farmer groups. This problem is exacerbated by the massive conversion of rice land into oil palm plantations, which is feared to also affect the balance of agricultural production in Riau Province. Various efforts to improve the welfare of rice farmer groups in Riau Province have been carried out, not least in Kuok District which has been known as one of the centers of rice production, especially in Kampar Regency. Kuok District in 2020 has 1,080 Ha of rice commodity planting area, harvested area of 1,095 ha, with production reaching 6,405.75 tons.
The infrastructure approach and social approach are continuously carried out to increase productivity. In the social aspect, approaches to social capital and intellectual capital are rarely carried out, so far it is considered more focused on the economic approach of capital. Approaches based on social capital and intellectual capital are expected to empower farmer groups and improve the welfare of rice farmer groups in Riau.
There are limitations in managing human resources through farmer group institutions which are also considered to be caused by long-standing habits in the community. Previous research conducted by Muwardi [1] stated that human resources in the group, especially the administrators, greatly affect the group's achievement. The balancing of social capital and intellectual capital owned by farmer groups needs to be done through the preparation of a planned strategy, according to the characteristics, and based on the main priorities that can be implemented. One part that affects the performance of a community or company is intellectual capital [2]. Vandaele [3] states that high performance depends on the company in this case the farmer group to create innovation, protect and use intangible knowledge including social capital and intellectual capital.
This study aims to identify the conditions of social capital and intellectual capital associated with the analysis of the condition of the empowerment of rice farmers and equipped with strategic priorities in increasing the empowerment of lowland rice commodity farmer groups in Kuok District, Kampar Regency.

Methods
The research was carried out at the rice commodity development center in Kampar Regency, Riau Province with a special choice in Kuok District. The research stage starts from March 2022 to August 2022 which includes the preparation of research proposals, data collection, data analysis, and discussion of research results.
The population that is the target of this research is the members of the rice farmer groups located in 2 (two) main centers for rice cultivation in Kuok District, namely Empat Balai Village and Kuok Village. Determination of respondents was carried out by purposive sampling spread over three levels of farmer groups, namely beginner level, advanced level, and intermediate level with a distribution of leaders, and 2 (two) members of the farmer group who were actively involved in the activity. Based on this distribution, the recapitulation of the number of respondents consists of 66 people with 33 respondents from Empat Balai Village and 33 respondents from Kuok Village. The research variables consisting of social capital, intellectual capital, and empowerment are translated into dimensions and indicators that are appropriate for measurement ( Intellectual capital Human 9 Organization 6 Table 2. Parameters of rice farmer group empowerment in Kuok District [7,8].

Empowerment
Human resources 3 Productive economy 3 Institutional 3 To answer the first research objective, which is to identify the use of social capital and intellectual capital of rice farmer groups, the Likert scale method is used which can measure attitudes, opinions, and perceptions of a person or group of people about a social phenomenon that occurs at a certain time and place.
As part of the Likert scale analysis, scores were categorized with a scale of 1 to 5 obtained for each respondent's answer on each variable. Criteria for social capital and intellectual capital start from very low criteria (Scale 1) to Very High (Scale 5). The criteria for the empowerment variable start from the very powerless criteria (Scale 1) to Very empowered (Scale 5).
To formulate a priority strategy for preparing strategic priorities in increasing the empowerment of lowland rice commodity farmer groups in Kuok District, Kampar Regency, Process Hierarchy Analysis (AHP) is used. The assumptions used in AHP are that there is a small (limited) number of possible actions, namely 1,2,…,n, where n is a finite number. Respondents are expected to give a value in the form of numbers as a sequence (scale) of priority [9]. The Saaty scale method was used in determining the scale (order level) of perception.

Analysis of the social capital of rice farmer groups in Kuok District
Social capital in this research is built from 3 dimensions, namely the dimension of trust, the dimension of social norms, and the dimension of reciprocity. Each indicator of each dimension describes the condition of the social capital of rice farmer groups in Kuok District and is categorized at 3 levels of intensity, namely height, moderate, and low. The social capital of rice farmer groups in Kuok District is in the moderate category which can be seen in Table 3. Social norms that are owned are categorized as moderate with 2 (two) main indicators, namely meeting activities called rembug tani and saung tani. Rembug Tani is a meeting activity of all rice farmer groups in Kuok District which is held 2 times a year each entering the rice planting season or after the harvest season ends. Meanwhile, Saung tani is a term for farmer group meetings with extension workers which are held twice a month. Social norms are related to the rules of community life that are inherent in every activity of rice farmers, both within group membership and outside the farmer group.
Reciprocity in farmer group membership is low with an intensity of 37.27 percent. This is influenced by the condition of the rice farmers, the majority of whom are economically classified as lower middle class. The relationship of mutual assistance related to the financial aspect is still relatively low. On the other hand, rice farmer groups also have difficulty adapting new habits, for example in terms of using farmer cards. Intellectual capital consists of 2 (two) dimensions, namely human capital and organizational capital. Human capital is categorized as moderate with an intensity of 37.68 percent and organizational capital is categorized as height with an intensity of 66.12 percent ( Table 4). The main indicator of human capital is formed from the ability of farmers in groups to transfer knowledge and skills. Farmers have openness in receiving knowledge, especially from extension workers, and have the willingness to apply this knowledge to improve skills in an effort to increase productivity.

Analysis of the intellectual capital of rice farmer groups in Kuok District
The group's organizational capital is formed from the ability of rice farmers to be categorized as high with an intensity level of 66.12 percent. Farmers can properly arrange management and can establish cooperation and partnerships with parties outside the group. The deliberation in the group went well by respecting each other's opinions and roles. In general, the partnership went well, especially between rice farmer groups and other rice farmer groups. Communication is not going well between rice farmer groups and fisheries groups, especially in terms of the use of irrigation. There are competing interests in the utilization of water availability. This phenomenon is something that is important to improve in the agricultural community, especially in developing countries [10].

Analysis of the empowerment level of rice farmer groups in Kuok District
Empowerment is related to the ability of rice farmer groups in Kuok District to independently improve their abilities and overcome the problems they face. Independence is formed from optimizing the potential of individual human resources, increasing the intensity of cooperation through group activities, and having an adequate role in related institutions. This study looks at the empowerment of rice farmer groups in Kuok District based on 3 (three) sub-variables, namely human resources, productive economy, and institutions. Overall, the level of empowerment of the rice farmer group is categorized as powerless with an intensity level of 35.15 percent (Table 5).

Human resources
The sub-variable of human resources is at the intensity level of 27.47 percent and is categorized as powerless. A prominent indicator is the presence of members of farmer groups who have succeeded in making organic fertilizers.

Productive economy
The sub-variable of a productive economy is related to the ability of farmers to increase the productivity of rice farming. The productive economic sub-variable is categorized as powerless with an intensity level of 32.93 percent which indicates that very few members of the rice farmer group in Kuok District have experienced an increase in rice farming. The first indicator related to reducing the use of rice seeds has not yet occurred because only a few members of farmer groups continue to sow seeds in paddy fields and continue to sow seeds using kneading.

Institutional
The institutional sub-variables of rice farmer groups in Kuok District are categorized as quite powerful with an intensity level of 45.05 percent. The first indicator is the number of group management functions that have been carried out. The function of group administrators in this study is related to regulating the purchase of fertilizers, communicating with the agriculture and extension services, regulating irrigation canal repair fees, and minimizing conflicts with fisheries groups.

Social capital and intellectual capital strategy
The priority strategy for increasing the empowerment of rice farmer groups in Kuok District is based on findings, especially on the empowerment dimension which is of course closely related to the dimensions of Social Capital and Intellectual Capital to increase rice productivity. This refers to the fact that the empowerment of rice farmer groups is categorized as powerless. The determination of the priority strategy is intended to overcome the limitations of the Social Capital and Intellectual Capital owned so it would be better if the order was arranged based on an urgent alternative and it was possible to do it as soon as possible.
There are 8 (eight) alternative strategies that can be done in an effort to increase community empowerment, especially farmer groups to increase productivity. Each related actor is in the same alternative or different alternatives according to their respective functions. The parties who have more roles are members of farmer groups, farmer group administrators, extension workers, and the Department of Agriculture. The alternative strategies that are built are based on Social Capital and Intellectual Capital and followed by a comparative analysis that gives priority scores for each alternative.
The results of the total ranking of the analysis of social capital strategies and intellectual capital in increasing the empowerment of rice farmer groups are sorted by priority ranking and classified into 4 (four) categories, namely Very Strategic, Strategic, Fairly Strategic, and Less Strategic. More clearly can be seen in the following Table 6. Table 6. Strategy category empowerment improvement priority.

Strategy
Priority Score

Priority Category
Forming Establishing a pilot rice farmer group and increasing the role of agricultural extension workers, especially in the aspect of cultivation techniques for rice farmer groups, is an alternative with a very priority category. The demonstration plots managed by the pilot farmer groups can be adopted by other groups, both in terms of cultivation, utilization of local resources, management of farmer groups, and implementation of extension services. Other farmer groups have a clear direction in optimizing social capital and intellectual capital as part of increasing empowerment.
Increasing the role of extension workers is a very strategic step to increase empowerment. The limited knowledge and skills possessed by farmers are overcome by assistance from extension workers. Not only providing the latest information, but extension workers can also facilitate the experience possessed by farmers to be applied to cultivation activities which are considered very in accordance with the characteristics of the Kuok District area for planting rice commodities. The importance of formulating and aligning strategies is in accordance with what Bakotic [11] stated that the factors that support achievement or performance need to be aligned in order to run well.

Conclusion
The social capital owned by the rice farmer groups in Kuok District is generally categorized as moderate with an intensity level of 50.97 percent. Intellectual capital consists of 2 (two) dimensions, namely human capital and organizational capital. Human capital is categorized as moderate with an intensity of 37.68 percent and organizational capital is categorized as high with an intensity of 66.12 percent. The level of empowerment of rice farmer groups in kuok district is included in the "powerless" category with an intensity level of 35.15 percent of the average for all aspects of empowerment.
The strategy of increasing empowerment through social capital and intellectual capital can be carried out in farmer groups in various ways with the main priority being directed to a pilot project (demplot) that is managed by 1 (one) farmer group as a pilot accompanied by extension workers and other related institutions. Furthermore, it can be adopted by other farmer groups.
The potential social capital and intellectual capital of farmer groups in Kuok District are the basis for formulating strategies in order to increase the empowerment and productivity of farming businesses. Its unique characteristics are empowered by various strategies which of course cannot be done at the same time. So with that, the order of strategic priorities in this study is expected to provide direction for farmer groups to achieve common goals.