Study of healing springs by determining the pH, total mineralization and free carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) of the spring waters in Jizzakh in Uzbekistan

. More than 600 samples were collected from 240 springs occupied in different parts of Jizzakh and analyzed for physical (pH), chemical (general mineralization, dissolved free carbon dioxide (CO 2 )). Minimum pH indicator of the springs of Forish district was 6.3 and the maximum result was 7.8. The minimum index of springs located in Bakhmal district is 2.40 and the maximum index is 7.4. In Zomin district, the minimum pH level was 2.9 and the maximum pH level was 7.9, and the level of the spring in Gallaaral district was 7.3. The total level of mineralization of water samples of 9 springs out of 240 and the amount of free dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) of 26 springs meet the requirements of the Republic of Uzbekistan for healing mineral water, that is, the total mineralization was 1 g/l and more. The amount of free CO 2 is 0.5 g/l and more in spring water. The highest mineralization is 2.1 g/l and belongs to Sho`rbulok spring in Zomin district of Jizzakh region. Springs rich in free CO 2 dissolved in water are located in Bakhmal district of Jizzakh region, the highest indicator belongs to Kizilsuv spring, it was 5.7 g/l.


Introduction
Jizzakh is one of the largest regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, rich in mountains, wonderful natural resources, especially springs.Several districts of the province consist of mountainous and sub-mountainous territories, and have unique natural resources in their territory, including beautiful parks, forests, valleys, rivers and hills and healing springs.Springs have long been considered the main source of drinking water for people living in mountainous and sub-mountain areas [1].The quality of water is important and closely related to human health [2].Water quality creates a healthy ecosystem and ensures ecological stability [3].Water with low quality content is not only unsuitable for humans, but also causes various diseases in the body [4], and at the same time forms an unstable ecosystem and changes the nature of the atmosphere [5].
The daily increase of the human factor affects the natural position of water, especially the chemical composition of spring waters [6].This situation is especially noticeable in areas with many industrialized and production facilities [1,3,7].Springs are not only the source of drinking water for people, but also the main factor that helps to carry out swimming, diving, picnic, ecological tourism, religious tourism, healing place, irrigation, and for farm working.[8].The suitability of spring water as a drink is important, and the fact that it is rich in medicinal chemical compounds and mineral substances is the most important factor in the treatment of many diseases related to human health.
Medicinal spring waters are a cure for many diseases; in particular, they are used in the treatment of digestive system, urological, gynecological, skin, peripheral nervous system, anemia and many other diseases [9].The healing properties of spring waters depend on the level of minerality in the water, sulfate, carbon compounds, hydrogen sulfide, iron, bromine, iodine, silicon compounds, boron, organic substances, rhodium and others.[10].There are many spring waters with natural healing properties and rich in minerals in Jizzakh region in Uzbekistan.This study aims to search for more and more in-depth research of such healing springs in the future in that territory.

Materials and methods
The object of scientific research is Jizzakh region, which occupies the central territory of Uzbekistan.Districts rich in natural spring water resources are Farish, Gallaaral, Zaamin and Bakhmal.Due to the fact that the province occupies a place in the middle of two large rivers passing through the territory of the republic, its climatic characteristics, nature and geographical structure (soil layer, mountains, etc.) are also unique.The research was based on observation, comparison and laboratory experiment.Samples were collected from four districts of the region where the main springs are located and analyzed in the water laboratory of the Uzbek hydrogeological organization.For the reliability of the research, separate water samples were collected and analyzed for external control.The study was carried out in the autumn months and repeatedly in the spring until late autumn.
Pre-prepared containers were cleaned with chemical liquids, dried and thoroughly rinsed with appropriate spring water before the sampling process.The total number of collected samples has increased to 600.The number of sampled springs has exceeded 240.All collected spring water samples were tested in the water laboratory for one year.Samples were analyzed physically and chemically, and the results were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel program.The pH indicators of the spring water samples were checked using a pH meter.The source was detected by the electrode in a few seconds (20-30).Total mineralization in water was chemically analyzed and their indicators were determined.

Results
The pH indicators of water samples from the springs of Jizzakh region were analyzed and presented in the table below (table 1).
As shown in the table, the pH indicators of the springs in Jizzakh region are different, the minimum indicator of the springs of Forish district was 6.3 and the maximum result was 7.8.The minimum index of springs located in Bakhmal district is 2.40 and the maximum index is 7.4.In Zomin district, the minimum pH level was 2.9 and the maximum pH level was 7.9, and the level of the spring in Gallaaral district was 7.3.

E3S Web of Conferences 463, 02002 (2023) EESTE2023
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346302002 The total amount of mineralization of spring water resources of Jizzakh region was also studied.According to the requirements of the Republic of Uzbekistan for healing mineral water, the general level of mineralization of underground water at the required level is considered one of the factors indicating that it is medicinal water.The following table shows the general mineralization indicators of some spring waters distributed in the territory of Forish and Zomin districts, and these spring water resources meet the requirements of mineral healing water (Table 2).The minimum index of springs that meet the general mineralization requirements as healing spring water in Jizzakh region is 1.0 g/l, and the maximum indicator is 2.4 g/l.
The amount of free CO 2 dissolved in water is not more than 0.5 g/l and meets the requirements of mineral healing water.The following table shows the quantitative indicators of CO 2 dissolved in water of some springs distributed in the territory of Jizzakh region (Table 3).

Discussion
19 springs in Forish district of Jizzakh region are slightly acidic, 24 springs are slightly alkaline, and 26 springs are neutral.In Bakhmal district, 4 springs are slightly alkaline, 23 are slightly acidic, 2 are acidic, one is neutral, and 8 are strongly acidic.One spring in Zomin district of Jizzakh region was acidic, one was strong acidic, five were slightly acidic and two were slightly alkaline.Xovuzbuloq in Gallaraal district showed slightly alkaline.
According to the requirements of the Republic of Uzbekistan for healing mineral water, if the general mineralization index of spring water exceeds 1 g/l, such water is considered "mineral" healing water and is important in the treatment of urological, gynecological, and skin diseases.Also, it is recommended to use it in the treatment of a number of diseases related to digestion, peripheral nervous system."Rich" mineral spring water also takes an active part in improving metabolism in human body.
In Forish district, spring waters with high general mineralization showed "low minerality", but according to general mineralization indicators, healing mineral water meets state requirements.The springs in Zomin also consist from "low minerality", but Sho`rbulok showed the highest indicator -2.4 g/l.According to the requirements of the Republic of Uzbekistan for medicinal water, if the amount of dissolved free CO 2 in spring water exceeds 0.5 g/l, this water is considered medicinal mineral water, and 0.5-1.4g/l is E3S Web of Conferences 463, 02002 (2023) EESTE2023 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346302002weak carbon dioxide, and 1.4-2.5 g/l medium carbon dioxide, > 2.5 g/l -strong carbon dioxide, and called "gassy" water.Such aerated spring water is used in the treatment of diseases of the digestive system and vascular system.

Conclusion
The pH indicators of the springs are different in several parts of the Jizzakh region and are closely related to the geographical location of the springs, climatic characteristics, and the influence of anthropogenic factors.The pH indicators of the spring waters are neutral, slightly alkaline, slightly acidic and acidic, and the springs with a neutral pH level in Forish district were more.It was found that there are more slightly acidic springs in Bakhmal.It can be seen that there are few acidic springs in that region.The general indicators of mineralization of the deposits in the region are also different, and Forish district is the leader.In the future, this will create an opportunity to build sanatoriums and treatment centers that will improve the health of the population around the healing springs in this district.In addition, healing springs will help develop local tourism, expand the economic potential of the region, and open the way for the protection of underground water resources.According to the results of the research, five springs rich in minerals were found in the district.There are also mineral springs in Zomin, four of them were identified, and Sho`rbuloq showed the highest level of minerality.There are many springs rich in free CO 2 in the water in Bakhmal district, 23 such springs were identified in the research results.It became known that there are 3 healing springs of this type in Zomin district.In order to preserve these healing mineral springs and use them rationally, the springs require a more in-depth study and this is a great opportunity to restore human health and preserve biodiversity.