The search for treatment springs is the basis of their protection

. Chemical analysis of 31 spring waters of Gallaorol in Jizzakh region of Uzbekistan was analyzed. Instead of the local names of the springs, they were specially numbered to facilitate the research process and not to confuse the spring waters. The purpose of the study is to check whether the springs located in the area have healing properties. The research was focused on checking indicators such as general mineralization of the spring water sample, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, silicon (IV) oxide, silicic acid, carbon content (organic), iodine, bromine, boron, and ferrum. The results of chemical analysis were compared with the mineral water requirements of the Republic of Uzbekistan. According to the results, it was found that all 31 spring waters do not meet the requirements of mineral medical water.


Introduction
Water is the most wonderful gift of nature and one of the most important blessings in human life.There are different forms of water in nature, in particular, underground water, surface water (ocean, rivers, seas, glaciers, water vapor in the atmosphere, etc.).It is worth noting that the first cities of humankind began to appear in the places where there are underground waters, especially springs, rivers and seas.Springs have served as the most reliable source of water for humanity for hundreds of thousands of years.The problem of fresh water has already become the most serious problem of almost all nations and countries living on the planet Earth [1,3].There are several reasons for this, the main reason is the human factor, and people are increasingly polluting oceans, rivers and seas, as well as groundwater [2].The amount of fresh water resources on our planet is very small and unevenly distributed.A small amount of fresh water remains under anthropogenic influence, which imposes responsibility on the future generation [3].Spring waters are considered underground waters, and human civilization and first cities appeared in their locations [4].Springs are very sensitive to anthropogenic influences, and they can be lost quickly even because of a small human mistake.Springs have a positive effect on the natural environment and form the main chain in the circulation of water [1,3].Since most of the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan occupies mountainous areas, it is also very rich in spring water resources [5].In many villages of the country, springs play a very important role as the main drinking water.About 60% of the population of the republic lives in villages therefore springs serve as the most important and only source of drinking water for rural residents who are not provided with a drinking water system and are located far from cities [5][6].Despite the fact that the government has taken many decisions regarding the condition of the springs and their protection, due to the very serious impact of the anthropogenic factor, the springs are decreasing and drying up year by year, or they are in a state of severe pollution and become unfit for drinking [7].Many springs in the territory of Uzbekistan, especially in the Jizzakh region, have not been scientifically studied yet, even the existence of springs in some regions is known only to the people who living there.Comprehensive and in-depth research of spring waters is not only necessary to control human health, and to preserve water resources.Especially springs, to strengthen their role in nature and to improve their natural relationship with other components of nature (flora and fauna of the area, climate, geoecological characteristics, atmospheric air, rainfall, human and other biological factors) are very important in improving [3,7].
Gallaorol district is one of the most important industrial and agricultural centers of the Republic of Uzbekistan.Due to the fact that there are more mountains in the territory of the district than in other districts of the region, this area is rich in underground water -springs.Due to irregular and illegal quarrying of gravel from the Sangzor river, neglect of livestock and domestic animals, insufficient formation of ecological culture and many other factors, springs are significantly decreasing in this area [5,8].It is known that springs serve as a source of all human needs, especially drinking, restriction and irrigation.If the spring water has healing mineral properties, then it is given special attention as a wonderful natural resource for the health of hundreds of people [4,9].Mineral spring waters have medical properties for gastrointestinal, kidney-stone and metabolic diseases [10].For hundreds of years, the most of the springs in Gallaorol district have been considered as healing mineral water by local people, which cures many diseases, but these opinions have no scientific basis, that is, the chemical, physical and biological analysis of the waters has not been fully studied.The scientists have carried out several scientific-research works and results related to the study of underground water, but the amount of scientific works on the in-depth research of spring water resources and the discussion and evaluation of the results of analytical analysis is not enough.It should be added that there are many healing mineral spring water sources that have existed in the district for a long time due to the behavior of local residents and other persons contrary to ecological requirements.For example, illegal and irrational using from the river (Sangzar), destruction of flora and fauna, low attention to the protection of spring resources, construction and other domestic activities in areas where springs exist caused the complete disappearance of these springs.
The main goal of our scientific research is to study the chemical and physical properties of all the springs that exist in the territory of Gallaorol district of Jizzakh region and are active at the moment and are used by the population for consumption and other purposes.The search for spring waters that meet the requirements of the state standard for healing, mineral water, their conservation, protection and prospective plans related to springs (spring routes, database, history, aspects of ecotourism, health resorts, and sources of aesthetic pleasure, sports ecotourism and other purposes) implies a deep study of their scientific basis.

Materials and methods
From 31 natural springs located in different regions of Gallaorol district, water samples were taken in pre-hygienically cleaned and prepared plastic containers, and according to the E3S Web of Conferences 463, 02003 (2023) EESTE2023 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346302003chemical analysis method, it was studied in the water laboratory whether or not it met the requirements of medical mineral spring water.

Results
General mineralization of the spring water sample, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, silicon (IV) oxide, silicic acid, carbon content (organic), iodine, bromine, boron, ferrum of spring waters were studied.The results of chemical analysis of water samples were expressed and explained in the table below (Table 1).

Discussion
According to the requirement of mineral water quality, total minerality is 1 g/l, CO 2 -0.5 g/l, H 2 S -10 mg/l, Fe+ -10 mg/l, Br -25 mg/l, J -5 mg/l, H 2 SiO 3 -50 mg/l, organic substances -5 mg/l.H 2 S and J were absent in 56 springs, and CO 2 was 0.031 g/l.The amount of all other substances is very small and not enough for the requirements of mineral water.The amount of mineralization is 0.3985 g/l, which is much less than the required amount.J and H 2 S were not found in 64 springs.The amount of CO 2 was also 0.040 g/l.
The amount of Br, B, SiO 2 , C content (organic), Fe+ and H 2 SiO 2 is also much less compared to the required amount.Mineralization is 0.3805 g/l and it was found that it does not meet the specified requirement.Spring 54 also lacks J and H 2 S, CO 2 -0.031g/l,Br -0.00288, B -0.00347 g/l, SiO 2 -0.002, and C content (organic) is 0.00031, Fe+ and H 2 SiO 3 are also in the required amount.Mineralization is 0.4405g/l and it was found that it does not meet the specified requirement.J and H 2 S were not found in spring 60, CO 2 -0.022g/l,Br -0.00192, B -0.00174 g/l, SiO 2 -0.002,C content (organic) -0.0001, Fe+ -0.078 mg/dm 3 and H 2 SiO 3 -0.0026g/l.The level of mineralization is 0.3982 g/l, which does not meet the demand for mineral water.J and H 2 S are absent in spring 57, CO 2 -0.031 g/l, Br -0.00096, B -0.00347 g/l, SiO 2 -0.002,C content (organic) 0.00061, Fe+ -˂0.05 mg /dm 3 and H 2 SiO 3 was 0.0026 g/l.The level of mineralization is 0.3912 g/l, which does not meet the requirements for the quality of healing water.In spring 63, J -0.00016 g/l, and H 2 S was not found.CO 2 -0.018g/l,Br -0.00096, B -0.00174 g/l, SiO 2 -0.002,C content (organic) -0.00092, Fe+ -0.14 mg/dm 3 and H 2 SiO 3 -0.0026g/l.The level of mineralization is 0.3896 g/l, which does not meet the requirements for the quality of healing water.In spring 58, J -0.00060 g/l, and H 2 S was not found.CO 2 -0.026g/l,Br -0.00048 g/l, B -0.00174 g/l, SiO 2 -0.002,C content (organic) -0.00174, Fe+ -0.091 mg/dm 3 and H 2 SiO 3 -0.0026g/l.The level of mineralization is 0.3878 g/l, which does not meet the requirements for the quality of healing water.In spring 65, J and H 2 S were not obtained as a result of chemical analysis, CO 2 -0.022 g/l, Br -0.00048 g/l, B -0.00048 g/l, SiO 2 -0.002,C content (organic) 0.00256 g/l, Fe+ -0.081 mg/dm3 and H 2 SiO 3 was 0.0026 g/l.The level of mineralization is 0.4984 g/l, which does not meet the requirements for the quality of healing water.In spring 59, J and H 2 S were not obtained as a result of chemical analysis, CO 2 -0.035 g/l, Br -0.00096 g/l, B -0.00174 g/l, SiO2 2 -0.002,C content (organic) 0.00061 g/l, Fe+ -˂0.05 mg/dm 3 and H 2 SiO 3 was 0.0026g/l.The level of mineralization is 0.3621 g/l, which does not meet the requirements for the quality of healing water.In spring 66, J and H 2 S were not obtained as a result of chemical analysis, CO 2 -0.013 g/l, Br -0.00096 g/l, B -0.00174 g/l, SiO 2 -0.002,C content (organic) 0.0001 g/l, Fe+ -0.078 mg/dm 3 and H 2 SiO 3 was 0.0026 g/l.The level of mineralization showed 0.4495 g/l.The amount of J in spring 55 was determined to be 2.20 g/l, and it was found to be the spring with the highest iodine content observed in the study, but this indicator also does not meet the demand for iodine-rich mineral healing spring water, because the amount of healing spring water for iodine is as stated above.It should be 5 mg/l.Iodine content of this spring was planned to be checked twice during the research phase.In spring 55, H 2 S and Br were not obtained as a result of chemical analysis, CO 2 -0.022 g/l, B -0.00174 g/l, SiO 2 -0.002,C content (organic) 0.0001 g/l, Fe+ -0.069 mg/dm 3 and H 2 SiO 3 0.0026 g/l.The level of mineralization showed 0.4997 g/l, and this spring does not meet the requirements of mineral water.J and H 2 S substances were not found in spring 53, and CO 2 was 0.026 g/l.Br -0.00096, B -0.00174 g/l, SiO 2 -0.004,C content (organic) -0.0001 g/l, Fe+ -0.096 mg/dm 3 and H 2 SiO 3 -0.0052g/l.The level of mineralization showed 0.3716 g/l, and this spring does not meet the requirements of mineral water.It can be seen that all the other springs -51, 52, 61, 48, 5 and others, as shown in the table, do not meet the requirements of the standard of healing mineral water of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Conclusion
Although the studied springs do not meet the requirements of healing mineral water, they meet the standard requirements of the Republic of Uzbekistan as drinking water.The upper part and the surroundings of most of the springs observed in the study were covered, closed, and kept the quality suitable for drinking due to the observance of hygienic norms.Opentop and somewhat neglected springs are contaminated with various mechanical particles (grasses, livestock and poultry waste) and such springs are partially drinkable.The springs, which the natives of the district have long recognized as healing, also did not meet the standard requirements, but there is a plan to investigate and analyze such springs in the next stages of the research.It is also envisaged to take samples from the spring water, which is considered unsuitable for drinking, and conduct a more in-depth analysis.The results of the laboratory analysis of the spring water show that the water meets the chemical and physical requirements of the state standards required for human consumption (biological evaluation is planned in future scientific studies), but it was found that the state standards do not meet the requirements of mineral healing water. .It should be added that many spring water sources, which local residents of the region believed to have healing mineral properties, did not fully meet the requirements of the state standard for the quality of mineral water.As a result of the negative influence of the human factor on the process of formation and constant activity of the springs, it is possible that this feature of the springs, which have been considered healing since ancient times, has been destroyed.In future studies, we plan to look for scientific evidence to support this idea.However, it should be noted that the amount of iodine in some springs is close to the standard requirement for mineral water, so it is planned to take water samples from these springs again and conduct another in-depth analysis.After all, underground waters rich in iodine -springs are very important as an excellent natural healing source that treats human diseases related to iodine.

Table 1 .
Indicators of chemical analysis of spring water samples.