Innovative solutions in creating noise maps in cities

. This article describes the procedure for performing geodetic and cartographic mapping of urban noise maps. Modern geodetic (shumometric) devices used to measure noise frequencies, and the coordinates of the limit of noise impact on urban buildings and structures using technology and processing of measured data using modern geodetic software (Panorama). With the help of the panorama program, noise maps of the noisy streets of Samarkand were created based on the legend. The scientific significance of the results of the study lies in the fact that the geodetic bases are created using satellites, that is, instead of the bases created along the road, sound level meters are installed and noise measurements are taken. This is due to the fact that a method has been developed for creating noise maps using programs and technologies based on measured noise propagation data, as a result of which a method has been developed for describing noise propagation with cartographic symbols and it has become possible to use them on a global scale. The practical significance of the research results lies in the fact that the PANORAMA program created modern information and relevant opportunities based on space data, developed noise maps of the streets of Samarkand, M. Ulugbek, A. Rudakiy, A. Beruniy, Registan, and on these maps it can be seen that the decibels of noise in the city are increasing every year, determined by the fact that it will serve as an important mapping resource for the future.


Introduction
In our republic, work on improving the system of technologies for creating thematic maps in the field of geodesy and cartography is developing rapidly.Increasing the technological stages and convenience, economic efficiency of such maps is one of the topical issues of today .The creation of city noise maps is primarily focused on human health and also on reducing the noise emitted by cars in the city.The variety, content, formalization, ease of use by various specialists, and readability in order to make it understandable and easy to describe the conventional signs of noise in cities require a lot of work on it in a wide range.

Materials and methods
Improving the technological system and stages of creating noise maps of the city, the effect of noise propagation on the environment and remodeling are becoming one of the most urgent tasks of modern geoinformatics.Some organizational, technical and medical measures are taken to prevent the impact of urban noise on the human body.In particular, carrying out high-precision measurement works, following the rules of noise norms, mapping the traffic of the city streets by category.The growth of all types of load flows, the increase in the speed and intensity of movement requires qualitative and quantitative assessment of the impact of traffic vibrations on the safety of buildings.In domestic and foreign literature, there are occasional reports about the negative effects of traffic vibration; therefore, it is necessary to consider the impact of noise and vibration both in new construction and in the reconstruction of existing buildings and structures.

Results and Discussion
There are a number of external factors that increase the noise level in the streets, which are caused by the increase in traffic in cities, industrial enterprises located in the city centers, gas stations, freight transportation, etc.It is harmful to systematically consider these factors when we create maps of noise distribution in cities [7].As a result of the research, we can see that the noise level in our country is increasing by more than 1 decibel (dB) every еar.In cities, buildings are close to the street, and in the future design process, it is necessary to take into account the change of the location of the structures, protection from harmful effects.It is advisable to use trees and green plants when carrying out noise protection measures in cities.These green protection zones reduce noise by 10-20 dB.The development of noise protection projects during the reconstruction of urban roads makes sense only in cases where the increase in sanitary standards is at least 3 dBA.[2] In our research, we aim to create a map of traffic noise in the streets of M.Ulugbek, Samarkand city in busy areas.A geodetic base was created with the help of a GPS device, observations were made on each base with a sumomer device, and the scope of noise influence was determined [5].Having determined the plan and height bases of these foundations, a noise meter device was installed at each point, noise propagation was observed for hours, and measurements were made.When creating a geo-informational noise map due to monitoring and analysis of the noise distribution of the city streets of Samarkand, a database related to the noise in the area of the city streets was created, and the noise distribution map was improved due to the modeling and visualization of the spatial distribution of noise [4].The city noise map was created using the Panorama program on a scale of 1:10,000 .In the description of the emission of noise, conditional symbols were developed in the conditional symbol panel of the Panorama program, starting from the decibels that affect human health, i.e. from 30db to 100db, and these symbols are depicted as geometric shapes, i.e. circles, with the colors clashing as a result of increasing noiseg.5).We mark the created conditional symbols 30-40 dB, 40-50 dB, 50-60 dB, 60-70 dB, 70-80 dB, 80-90 dB, 90-100 decibels on the bases located on our map.In the development of the map creation program, the initial data is taken into account from the data obtained from the streets.
This determines the regional stage that is fully provided with data in the development and creation of the map program, that is, at which stage mapping work can be carried out [1].In order to save time in mapping, the latest information is used, cost-effective mapping methods are chosen, more space materials and GAT system are used.Using PANORAMA version 10.7.3 software, we can create a conditional sign of noise propagation.In this case, we describe the noise range of 30-40 dB with color.That is, from the PANORAMA window , enter the zadachi panel, select the Editor classifier , and name the "Type card " cell from inside it as " Plan goroda ".We can open a folder by selecting a new object from the conditional characters cell and putting a number.
We can select the point created when choosing the place of the conditional sign.In this case, we selected the Tochechnye application in the program and called it a noise symbol , and by pressing the Vektorny znak button, we opened our drawing window and increased it to 50% so that it would be visible when drawing lines.
PANORAMA program, open the panel and mark the noise in the range of 30-39 dB from the central point with the mouse and mark it with еllow color.
Next, we will add conditional symbols to the cells in this order .We describe the conventional symbol in each decibel with different colors [6].40-49 decibels in orange, 50-59 decibels in pale marl, 60-69 decibels in light red, 70-79 decibels in pink, 80-89 decibels in purple, 90-99 decibels in brown, above 100 decibels In dark red , noise is represented by a circle symbol (Figure 2).A conditional symbol cell opens for each of the conditional symbols created with colors.On the bases created on the streets of the city, we select the average value of the noise level of the dimensions measured by the noise meter and place it on our map on the basis of a conventional symbol.
We draw on the map by choosing a conventional symbol that describes the decibel of noise generated in Ranel.The conditional symbol drawn in the PANORAMA program is based on the decibel of the location.
As a result of the indicated actions, a noise distribution map of M.Ulugbek streets of Samarkand city was created (Figure 2).
If noise increases at certain points in the city, you can change the required decibel values by double-clicking on the "Izmenenia tipa" button.The issue of forecasting has also been addressed through metrics developed over еars of research [8].
In order to increase the reliability of the database in the creation of structured noise distribution maps, which is a product of the results of the conducted research: Noise from vehicles was analyzed in Samarkand city; Through cartographic forecasting of car traffic in Samarkand city, pictures of their growth over the еars were determined; the issue of reducing traffic speed and auxiliary transit roads outside the urban population area was analyzed; -the advantages of noise protection screens are evaluated; Territorial, comparative, analytical, and statistical analyzes were conducted [4].
Noise data collected along the streets of the city should be widely used in city design, car park routing, construction facilities, health epidemiology, determining whether it is a safe city for tourists, updating noise maps, and creating cartographic works.In order to improve the condition of noise decibel change on the map and to develop measures, monitoring works based on space methods should be carried out, and noise maps should be developed based on the results [9].

Conclusion
Thus, it is necessary to start with the planning of modern spatial methods of acoustic improvement of urban areas, creation of an optimal acoustic environment, and continuous monitoring of the level of noise propagation in the city over the еars.According to the results of geoinformation, it becomes possible to develop a complex of special measures for planning and protection against noise, to move main streets to the outskirts of the city, and to distribute traffic flows optimally and quickly.
Thus, noise maps are the basis for assessing the existing and predicted noise regime in the city.

Fig. 1 .
Fig. 1.Shows the location of the green spaces in the Protection Zone.