Plants of the Siberian flora exposition of the N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, listed in the Red Data Books of Russia

. Many years of experience in preserving species of Siberian flora listed in the Red Data Books of Russia in 2008 and 2023 are analyzed. In total, since 1947, 21 species from 13 families, the geographical points of origin of which are located mainly in Southern Siberia, have been tested on the territory of the botanical and geographical exhibition in the laboratory of natural flora of the GBS RAS. According to the degree of introduction resistance, 90% of species are resistant, weakly resistant and unstable - 10%. In terms of life expectancy under exposure conditions, species growing for more than 20 years predominate - 47.6%. The minimum lifespan of Oxytropis nitens is 2 years. The maximum life expectancy was reached by: Paeonia hybrida - 63 years, Anemonastrum baikalense - 53 years, Erythronium sibiricum - 50 years. The reliability and prospects of preserving rare species of Siberia in the conditions of Moscow are shown.


Introduction
In the Main Botanical Garden named after.N.V. Tsitsin taxonomic diversity of the world's largest geographical region, with an area of about 10 million square kilometers, is represented by the collection and exhibition of the flora of Siberia.For almost 80 years, work has been carried out here to study and preserve species of the natural flora of Siberia.Historically, there has been ambiguity in the interpretation of the boundaries of such a vast territory.In this regard, over the years, the collection of this flora included plants growing from the eastern macroslope of the Ural Mountains to the eastern borders of Yakutia and the Chita region, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean, the Kara, Laptev, East Siberian seas, to the Russian state border in the south , and also included plants from the northern regions of Mongolia and Kazakhstan.
Of the 930 taxa that underwent introduction tests in the conditions of the botanical and geographical exposition of Siberia in the laboratory of natural flora of the GBS, a particularly valuable group consists of rare and endangered plants, listed in the modern Red Data Books of Russia: 2008 [1] and 2023 (List of objects flora listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation [2]).It should be noted that the number of taxa in the publications of the Red Data Books of Russia is changing; in this regard, it is interesting to trace their dynamics through the prism of the accumulated conservation experience under the conditions of the GBS RAS [3].

Materials and methods
Based on the combined data from the card index of the laboratory of natural flora of the State Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the final data on the introduction of plants of natural flora for 65 years [3], life forms, geographical points of collection or receipt of plant samples, life expectancy, data on phenology, methods of reproduction, and introduction resistance of species were studied [4], as well as the protection category in previously published Federal Red Books, literature data were also used [6][7][8][9][10].Latin names of taxa are given according to POWO (2023) [5].In total, 21 species from 13 families were tested in the collection of the flora of Siberia: Ranunculaceae, Alliaceae, Orchidaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Asteraceae, Liliaceae, Iridaceae, Fabaceae, Paeoniaceae, Polygonaceae, Crassulacea, Rosacea, Poaceae included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 [1], 6 Of these, they were not included in the list of flora objects included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation in 2023 [2], they are marked with the sign (¬¬¬¬¬¬¬-):

Results and Discussion
The vast majority of plants go through a full annual cycle of phenological phases and are stable in the conditions of Moscow, with the exception of Orchis militaris (weakly resistant) and Oxytropis nitens (unstable), which is due to a narrow ecological amplitude, confined to petrophytic steppes.
In the presented annotated list, according to the type of life form, a group of shortrhizome perennials is distinguished -7 species, rhizomatous perennials -3 species, bulbous perennials -3, dense-turf perennials -2, shrubs -2, subshrub -1, tuberous-root perennial -1, root-tuberous perennial -1, tap-root perennial -1.Life expectancy under cultural conditions is one of the important indicators of the success of conservation of rare species, characterizing their sustainability.According to this indicator, only 1 out of 21 species grew on the territory of the GBS for less than 5 years and 2 species for less than 10 years (Figure 1).The 18 species tested had been grown for 10 years or more.According to the duration of existence, the shares of groups were distributed as follows: 4.7%less than 5 years; 9.4%about 10 years; 47.6%more than 20 years; 24%about 30 years or more, 14.3% -50 years or more; The exclusion from the 2023 federal Red Book list of species: Daphne altaica, Dendranthema sinuatum, Erythronium sibiricum, Iris humilis, Rheum compactum, Stipa pennata has various reasons, including the disappearance of some species from Siberia, for example, Daphne altaica.When comparing these data with the experience gained in the conditions of the collection and exhibition of the Siberian flora of the GBS, it can be noted that some excluded species successfully grow and reproduce in cultural conditions, as well as in natural habitats, such as Erythronium sibiricum, Rheum compactum.

Conclusion
Since 1947, 21 Siberian species from the Red Data Books of Russia 2008 and 2023 have been tested, with geographic points of origin located primarily in Southern Siberia.According to the degree of introduction resistance, 90% of species are resistant, weakly resistant and unstable -10%.In terms of life expectancy under exposure conditions, species growing for more than 20 years predominate -47.6%.The minimum lifespan of Oxytropis nitens is 2 years.The maximum life expectancy was reached by: Paeonia hybrida -63 years, Anemonastrum baikalense -53 years, Erythronium sibiricum -50 years.
The study proves that preserving flora objects outside their natural habitat in specially organized conditions of a botanical garden can be considered a reliable method of combating species extinction.

Fig. 1 .
Fig. 1.Life expectancy of Siberian species from the Federal Red Data Books of Russia under the conditions of the exposition of the GBS RAS.