Identification of microclimate in jajar legowo planting system and its effect on brown plant hopper and Lycosa sp .

. Rice was an important food crop that one of the cultivation was the jajar legowo planting system. However, the effect of the planting system on brown planthopper and predatory Lycosa has not been well studied, related to microclimate changes. This study aims to identify microclimate factors in the jajar legowo and their effects on brown leafhopper populations and Lycosa. This research was designed through field experiments in rice fields with the treatment of legowo planting system (2: 1) and conventional system as a check. The research variables consisted of temperature, humidity, light intensity, brown leafhopper population, and Lycosa population. The results of this study showed the highest humidity was at the end of the planting period. The temperature and light intensity recorded in jajar legowo planting systems tends higher. The population of Lycosa in the Jajar legowo planting system was highest in the 2 week after transplanting (WAT), while in the conventional planting, the system was found in the 1 WAT The highest brown plant hopper population was recorded at 3 WAT, while in jajar legowo at 2 WAT. The results of this study showed no significant effect of microclimate factors on the Lycosa population and brown leafhopper populations. The benefit of this research is knowing the effect of microclimate on lycosa and WBC populations in Jajar Legowo and Conventional rice planting systems.


Introduction
Rice was one of the local food crops that were most in demand by the people of Indonesia.Many things affect rice production such as limited agricultural land, soil fertility levels, weather, cropping systems and pests.This plant has a shallow root system of about 40-50 cm so it is suitable for cultivation on peatland.
Jajar legowo was a planting system that regulates row spacing in one clump of plants.The system that has a nickname (SI JARWO) applied to rice has several patterns and was considered capable of increasing production.In the organic farming system, chemical fertilizers or pesticides ware not used for management from planting to post-harvest [1] Many factors influence farmers in carrying out agricultural management, including education, economy, environment and media.[2] The legowo system 2: 1 and 3: 1 have the highest grain production per hectare.[3] Brown leafhoppers ware one of the most dangerous pests for rice.Although not every growing season these pests appear.The method in collecting insects uses sweep net, pit fall trap and light trap [4].Brown leafhoppers begin to be found in Inpari 2 and TN 1 varieties about 9-10 days after infestation (HIS) some pests of plants breed very dependent on temperature, so it will develop rapidly if the temperature is suitable.[5] Lycosa pseudonnata was a type of spider that was a natural enemy of annoying insects on rice plants.The use of natural enemies was our step in realizing environmentally friendly agriculture.There are many negative impacts in the use of pesticides with active ingredients and difficult to degrade, such as reduced predatory insects and damage to ecosystems.[6] In the application of IPM, the main key is to convince farmers that the use of pesticides was carried out if natural control fails or is unable to control existing pests.[7]Predators that look for prey on the ground are more effective in suppressing cereal tick populations.[8] Microclimate was a branch of science that studies the climate in the area around plants.Because climate was an influential factor in rice production.Some pests and diseases will thrive well in humid conditions.In some cases, drying the rice field area will affect production.Diversity of plant species and management of natural enemy habitats will reduce pest populations.[9] With drying, the existing climate will change.Carrying out habitat change must be carried out on an ongoing basis in order to increase emphasis on natural enemies.[10] [11]. in their research Tillage Intensity Influences Insect-Pest And Predator Dynamics Of Wheat Crop Grown Under Different Conservation Agriculture Practices In Rice-Wheat Cropping System Of Indo-Gangetic Plain.Says The dynamics of insect pests and their predators are driven by soil habitat-related changes (direct) as well as plant growth-related effects (indirect).The novelty in this research is that researchers try to discuss the influence of the Jajar Legowo planting system on rice microclimate.This study aims to identify microclimate factors in the jajar legowo and their effects on brown leafhopper populations and Lycosa sp.As well as its relationship with the population of brown planthoppers and the spider Lycosa sp.The benefit of this research is knowing the effect of microclimate on lycosa and WBC populations in Jajar Legowo and Conventional rice planting systems.

Study sites
This research was conducted in Nglangun, Karanglo Village, Polanharjo District, Klaten RegencyProv.Central Java.This research will be carried out on March 21 -June 22 2022.During the rice planting season in the middle of the rainy season.In this study the author used observation parameters, Lycosa population, WBC population, temperature, humidity and light.

Microclimate
Climate is an important factor in the breeding and spread of living things.The development of pests and predators is affected by changes in habitat and plants.[11] Meanwhile, microclimate influences plant development in a planting area, examples are temperature, humidity, light intensity, and rainfall.

Planting system
Jajar legowo is a planting system that regulates row spacing in one plant cluster.The system which has the nickname (SI JARWO) which is applied to rice has several patterns and is considered capable of increasing production.This will be compared with the conventional planting system (Tegel).In organic farming systems, chemical fertilizers or pesticides are not used for management from planting to post-harvest.[1]

Brown leafhoppers
Brown planthopper is one of the main pests that attack rice.Therefore, various methods have been used to deal with these pests, Such as planting resistant varieties, trapping, using natural enemies, changing planting systems and irrigation arrangements.Brown planthopper populations are lower in organic rice systems compared to semi-organic and conventional systems.[12] 2.5 Lycosa pseudonnata Spiders are important predators in the paddy field ecosystem and are controls that use little capital.[13] Lycosa does not make nests in the form of nets to catch prey.But he hunts and pounces on his prey by jumping, so he is classified as a wild spider (wolf spider).The number of predators on land that does not show the use of pesticides shows a larger population.[14] 2.6 Data analysis Data identification of microclimate in jajar legowo planting system and its effect on brown plant hopper and Lycosa sp. were ested for normality and transformed as needed.And presented as and arithmetic standard deviation in histogram using excel 2013 (window 10).Simple regression and simple correlation were estimated for the temperature, humidity, light intensity, brown leafhopper population, and Lycosa population similarly method by using SPSS software (10.0J).For statistical analysis.Data brown leafhopper population, and Lycosa population presented in graphics using exel 2013 (window 10).

Brown leafhoppers
From the data in fig. 1 we can see that the highest brown planthopper population occurred in the second week of the planting season.It consists of brown planthoppers which are classified as nymphs which are spread evenly almost throughout the planting area.That can happen because in this system there are narrow gaps and wide gaps.The closer the distance between the legowo, the humidity will also increase.[7] Whereas in the conventional system the distance is the same, making it possible for the brown planthopper to prefer the narrow gaps found in the row legowo system which is more humid.Based on simple linear regression analysis and the correlation between WBC population and humidity in Jarwo, it appears that the correlation is positif and not significant.(y = 66.011 + 0.660x).Sianipar M.s et al in their research said that the influence of climate has a low correlation with the WBC population.[8] The results of simple linear regression can be seen in Figure .2. Based on simple linear regression analysis and the correlation between WBC population and humidity in conventional it appears that the correlation is positive and not significant.(y = 65.158+ 1.934x).The results of simple linear regression can be seen in Figure .3.

3.2
Lycosa pseudonnata In the data in figur.4 we can see that the Lycosa population increased in the second week due to an increase in the brown planthopper population in the same week.This can happen because Lycosa hunts prey more often than making traps.So that where many prey eat Lycosa will approach him.Lawalata jj et al.In his research, he said that the presence and level of predation by natural enemies in a particular place really depends on the presence and type of pest or prey of these natural enemies.[15]  Based on simple linear regression analysis and the correlation between Lycosa population and humidity in Jarwo, it appears that the correlation is positif and not significant.(y = 61.723+ 8.747x).[16]In his research, he said that the microclimate that has a significant effect on arthropods is temperature and wind speed.[16] The results of simple linear regression can be seen in Figure 5. Based on simple linear regression analysis and the correlation between Lycosa population and humidity in conventional it appears that the correlation is positive and not significant.(y = 62.797 + 8.575x).The results of simple linear regression can be seen in Figure 6.

Conclucion
The conclusion of this research is that the influence of temperature, humidity and light intensity, has no significant effect on the brown planthopper population and the Lycosa population.However, the population of hunting predators such as Lycosa will increase if there are many food sources such as brown planthoppers.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. WBC and Microclimate in Jarwo.Based on simple linear regression analysis and the correlation between WBC population and humidity in conventional it appears that the correlation is positive and not significant.(y = 65.158+ 1.934x).The results of simple linear regression can be seen in Figure.3.