Carrying capacity approach for agriculture land management in land subsidence area of West Java province

. West Java is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has high agricultural productivity. That way, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the carrying capacity of agricultural land in West Java Province in 2022. The method used to calculate carrying capacity of agricultural land is the combination of Odum, Christeiler, Howard, and Isard theories which is suitable for local conditions and can assess the factors that affect the level of carrying capacity of land in an area. West Java Province has a carrying capacity of agricultural land of 0.74. The value of population pressure in West Java Province with a dominance of less than 1 indicates that districts/cities in West Java Province are dominated by the carrying capacity of high agricultural land. The high rate of population growth and not accompanied by an area of land capable of supporting the needs of the population can be a threat to the availability of sustainable agricultural land.


Introduction
Agriculture plays a crucial role in meeting the food needs of the population.West Java Regency, as one of the main agricultural areas in Indonesia, has great potential in the agricultural sector.However, in the face of rapid population growth and environmental changes, it is important to carry out an analysis of the carrying capacity of agricultural land to ensure the sustainability of food production in this area.
According to the Central Bureau of Statistics [1], agricultural production in West Java Regency has experienced a significant increase in recent years.However, the level of food needs also continues to increase along with population growth.For this reason, the analysis of the carrying capacity of agricultural land is very important in evaluating the extent to which agricultural land in West Java Regency is able to meet the food needs of the population with the level of availability of existing land.
The carrying capacity of agricultural land refers to the ability of a land to meet the food needs of the population in an area.Analysis of the carrying capacity of agricultural land is important in the context of food sustainability and sustainable agricultural development.By understanding the extent to which agricultural land can support food production, proper planning can be carried out to maintain food security, reduce dependence on food imports, and increase the food self-sufficiency of a region [2].
In the analysis of the carrying capacity of agricultural land, various factors are considered, such as the available area of agricultural land, land productivity, food needs of the population, as well as ecological and social factors that  Corresponding author: ratihfitria.putri@ugm.ac.id affect agricultural production.The results of this analysis can provide guidance for more effective and efficient management of agricultural land, including in terms of crop diversification, improvement of cultivation techniques, and sustainable use of natural resources [3].Agricultural land areas can be one of the locations affected by land subsidence.Disaster mitigation efforts to reduce the impact of land subsidence must be carried out by the community and local government.Analysis of carrying capacity on agricultural land is one of the parameters in efforts to use land that is appropriate [4] [5].

Methodology
Population This research was conducted using a normative descriptive analysis method.The data processing method to determine the level of the carrying capacity of agricultural land is to use a mathematical calculation formula.The data needed to calculate the carrying capacity of agricultural land in West Java Province is data on total population, area of harvested land, average land production per hectare, and minimum physical needs (KFM).KFM is equivalent to 2600 calories per capita per day or 265 kilograms of rice per person per year.The mathematical calculations used to calculate the carrying capacity of agricultural land are using the following formulas from the concepts and theories of Odum, Christeiler, Ebenezer Howard, and Isard [6] The results of the calculation of Carrying Capacity of Agricultural Land are classified into three classes.These three classes determine the ability of agricultural land to meet the food needs of the population according to the districts in West Java Province.The first class is Class I (∂ > 2,46), implies that the region can be self-sufficient in food so that the community can live a decent life.Class II (1 ≤ ∂ ≤ 2,46) implies that the area can be self-sufficient in food but cannot yet provide a decent life for the community.Class III (∂ < 1) implies that the area has become unable to support itself on food for the community.The concept of carrying capacity of agricultural land by Odum, Christeiler, Ebenezer Howard, and Isard can also be used as a basis for calculating the optimal population that can be supported from the yield of rice plants by the rice fields in West Java Province.

2 Discussion
Administratively, West Java Province consists of 27 regencies/cities.Based on the latest data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2022, the population of West Java Province is around 48,274,200 people.In 2021 the population of West Java Province will be 48,782,400 people and in 2022 the population of West Java Province will be 49,405,810 people.West Java Province consists of 9 administrative cities and 18 administrative districts [7].Over time, the population will continue to increase, while agricultural land will decrease due to changes in land use to meet human needs.This phenomenon will result in a decrease in the carrying capacity of the land from time to time due to high pressure from the population on the land [8].
Agriculture plays a crucial role in meeting the food needs of the population.West Java Regency, as one of the main agricultural areas in Indonesia, has great potential in the agricultural sector.However, in the face of rapid population growth and environmental changes, it is important to carry out an analysis of the carrying capacity of agricultural land to ensure the sustainability of food production in this area.According to the Central Bureau of Statistics [1], agricultural production in West Java Regency has experienced a significant increase in recent years.However, the level of food needs also continues to increase along with population growth.For this reason, the analysis of the carrying capacity of agricultural land is very important in evaluating the extent to which agricultural land in West Java Regency is able to meet the food needs of the population with the level of availability of existing land.
The factors that cause a decrease in the carrying capacity of land can vary depending on the geographical and environmental context.Some common factors that can cause a decrease in the carrying capacity of land include land conversion, land degradation, decreased soil fertility, climate change, and population increase.Conversion of agricultural land in certain areas into settlements, industry, or infrastructure can reduce the area of land available for agriculture, thereby reducing the carrying capacity of the land [9].Land degradation caused by erosion, drought, pollution, and unsustainable agricultural practices can reduce land productivity and reduce its ability to support food production [10].
In addition, the use of reducing soil fertility caused by the intensive use of chemical fertilizers and unsustainable agricultural practices can lead to a decrease in soil fertility, which reduces land productivity [11].Climate change can also affect rainfall patterns, temperature, and humidity, which can have a negative impact on agricultural production and land carrying capacity [12].Then the increase in population increases the pressure on agricultural land, thereby reducing the carrying capacity of land per capita [13].
The West Java region is dominated by agricultural land use.Agriculture is the main sector in land use in this province.who are still capable support the needs of the population.Overall West Java Province has the carrying capacity of the land agriculture of 0.74.The value of population pressure in West Java Province with a dominance of less than 1 indicates that districts/cities in West Java Province are dominated by high agricultural land yields.Meanwhile, different conditions occurred in several areas of West Java Province and there were only 5 regencies/cities that did not experience high population pressure and low land carrying capacity, namely Majalengka Regency, Indramayu Regency, Subang Regency, Karawang Regency and Pangandaran Regency.
The population continues to increase and the majority of the population depends on agriculture for a living which can increase pressure on agricultural land.If this situation continues, it can lead to a decrease in both the quality and quantity of agricultural land.Areas with a dense population working in the agricultural sector will experience greater population pressure than areas with a dense population working in the non-agricultural sector.This phenomenon indicates an inverse relationship between the area of agricultural land which tends to decrease, while the number of people working in the agricultural sector increases.Under these conditions, people who work as farmers may experience loss of agricultural land.
To prevent further land conversion, optimal efforts are needed in managing agricultural land and reducing land conversion.In addition, it is necessary to diversify the livelihoods of the agricultural population to the non-agricultural sector in districts that face high population pressure on the agricultural sector.One solution that can be applied is to increase the benefits of land for farmers as cultivators.High population pressure on agricultural land can lead to reduced land resources and ecosystem damage, reflecting an imbalance between population growth and the availability of agricultural land [14].
The potential of agricultural land in supporting the food security of a region is very important.However, we cannot ignore the limitations that exist in the processing of agricultural land.Therefore, it is important to identify or analyze land use limitations and evaluate land suitability in order to determine land capability in agricultural activities, especially in sustainable crop production.Sustainable crop production has an important role in meeting the food needs of a region.The increasing need for food is caused by an increase in population which is also followed by an increase in the use of agricultural land [15].

Conclusion
West Java Province consists of 27 regencies/cities administratively.The population of West Java Province is around 48,274,200 people based on the latest data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for 2022.This province has 9 administrative cities and 18 administrative districts.Over time, the population will continue to increase, while agricultural land will decrease due to changes in land use to meet human needs.This phenomenon will cause a decrease in the carrying capacity of land from time to time due to high population pressure on land.Agriculture plays an important role in meeting the food needs of the population.However, high population growth and environmental changes that occur require an analysis of the carrying capacity of agricultural land to ensure the sustainability of food production in this area.Factors such as land conversion, land degradation, decreasing soil fertility, climate change, and increasing population can cause a decrease in the carrying capacity of the land.Therefore, it is important to manage agricultural land optimally, reduce land conversion, and shift farmers' livelihoods to the non-agricultural sector in areas with high population pressure on agriculture.

Table 1 .
Population pressure value of Central Java province in 2022 using odum method.

Table 2 .
Classification value of the carrying capacity of agricultural land in Central Java Province in 2022 using the Odum method.
Fig 1. Map of carrying capacity of agricultural land in West Java Province 2022.