Influence of bee family care on honey productivity in hives of different constructions

. It is of great importance to design and manufacture light and cheap hives that are easy to operate and easy to operate in normal beekeeping conditions. Several types of hives are used depending on the breed, origin, lifestyle and climate of the bees. In the warm climate of Uzbekistan, the most commonly used hive in beekeeping is the bee hive. There are mainly three types of hives used in beekeeping, i.e. bed hives, double hives and multi-storey hives. Studying which types of nests to use in the hot climate of Uzbekistan and their effect on family productivity is one of the urgent issues of today. The natural climatic conditions of Uzbekistan have a favorable opportunity to increase the productivity of agricultural crops, feed bee colonies based on modern advanced technologies, and increase the production of bee products. In this article, keeping bee families in hives of different constructions in the conditions of the Tashkent region, studying the effect on the productivity of families, determining the suitable bee hive suitable for hot climate conditions is studied.


Introduction
When working with traditional types of beehives, a lot of effort and time was required to quickly solve certain technological problems.Examples include finding queen bees within the colony, forming small colonies of bees, preventing bees from building strength, controlling the colony of bees, etc [1].To carry out such processes, working with large beehives drastically reduced labor productivity and reduced the production of goods.These problems provide an opportunity to ensure good growth and development of the family and achieve high productivity by maintaining bee families in modernized hives based on simple and effective technology [2,3].
As a result of the invention of hives in beekeeping and the separate removal of frames in it, opportunities were created to better study the bee family.As a result, it became possible to expand or increase the size of the bee family at any time, to get honey from it without breaking the frames, to take care of the bee family in time and to help it [4,5].
In the hot climate of Uzbekistan, it is necessary to develop advanced methods of feeding the bee family.Therefore, beehives of various constructions are used in order to increase the productivity of the bee family in mountainous climates [6].
According to the conclusions of several researchers, the use of beehives of the same construction in beekeeping ensures an increase in honey production.According to the data of many researchers, keeping bees in beehives of different types in beekeeping depends on the structure of the apiary and its size [7][8][9][10].For this purpose, it is important to raise a family of bees in different hives, to study the effect of beehives on increasing the productivity of the family.

Materials and methods
The research was conducted in 2022 at the apiary of the educational experimental farm of Tashkent State Agrarian University.During the research, experimental and control groups were formed on the basis of homogeneity.
The growth and development of colonies of Carpathian bees was studied according to the method of the Scientific Research Institute of Beekeeping (Rybnoy 2006).The structure of different types of hives used in beekeeping was studied in general zootechnical method.Spring, summer, autumn and winter work performed in beekeeping farms was studied in general zootechnical method.
Strong and high-quality families were used in the establishment of nurse bee families.In this case, the mother bees in the family were removed 12 days ago, and after the bees in the family realized their motherlessness (orphanage), they were transferred to the wax bowls in the grafting frames with honey and larvae in honey [3].
Transferring larvae to wax cups was done using honey and royal jelly methods.In order to obtain bee milk, the larvae were taken from queens in beehives at the age of 22.5 days [4].Family strength, amount of food, and in the spring, food consumption after winter, the amount of dead bees, winter resistance based on the method of Jerebkin (1982), based on points, and the growth and development of the family were studied and the family of bees was evaluated.All the obtained data were processed by the method of Merkureva (1970) based on biometric variation statistics.

Results and discussion
Sugar juice is prepared by adding 1.5 kg of sugar to 1 liter of water during additional feeding of bee colonies.After the temperature of the juice drops to 35-400, it is given to the bees.In making sugar syrup in this way, bees can easily break down complex sugar into simple sugar, and a given amount of sugar will turn into sugar honey.
Sugar syrup is given to the bee colony until the colony's food supply is full.200 depending on the strength of the bee family to give the juice to the family; 250; 500; From 1000 ml to 2-3 liters can be given [5].For additional nutrition of bee colonies, feeding with protein foods and sugar syrup is of great importance [6].
Sugar juice was prepared as follows: first, 1 kg of sugar was dissolved in 0.5 l of water, and the mixture was prepared.Qiyam was given to bee colonies by adding 0.5% milk to every 1 kg of sugar syrup before giving it to bee colonies (Table 1).According to Table 1, on April 17, families fed with sugar syrup collected an average of 13.0 kg of honey, while families fed with 0.5% milk added to sugar syrup collected 19 kg of honey.Also, the families that consumed extra milk had a higher rate of building wax cages, i.e. they built 4250-4605 wax cages.
Table 2 shows the effect of sugar syrup and milk supplement on the quality of queen bees.According to Table 2, the live weight of queen bees in families formed on April 17, fed with pure skimmed milk was 189 mg, and 179 mg without additional food.These indicators were 161-174 mg in families organized on May 16.
Table 3 shows the honey productivity of bee families and new families created from them.According to the table, the number of closed generations of families established on April 17 was 118,000, and the number of closed generations of families established on May 16 was 95,600.32.3 kg of honey was obtained in the main families, and 29.8 kg in the families formed on May 16, which indicates that it is 2.5 kg more than the families formed on May 16.Therefore, the longer the bee colonies are organized, the more appropriate and the higher the productivity of the bee colonies.
When there is a lack of food during the harvest season, the bee family is fed with additional food.At least 16-17 kg of feed honey was left for each bee family for the colony.In addition, an average of 5 kg of feed honey was left for each family in the apiary warehouse for the proper development of bees.
In our research, we studied and analyzed the passage of the bee colony in two types of beehives, 16-frame and 20-frame bed hives during the colony period.10 bee families were taken in each group.Beehives with 16 frames were the control and beehives with 20 frames were the experimental groups.In the spring, in the middle of March, the results of wintering in families were calculated (Table 4).From the data of Table 4, it can be seen that before wintering, it was found that the migration of bees in both beehives was equal to 6.2-6.3 in the number of corridors.But when it comes to breeding in the family, in the experimental groups, they raised 9.8% more young bees than in the control group.But rearing such a large number of young bees in the experimental groups at the end of the winter has bad consequences, because they age faster than the control group due to the rearing of many generations.
Experiments have shown that it is appropriate to feed the bees as soon as wintering is completed, which in our case is usually September.
Separating beeswax cage frames to get honey.Taking into account that in developed beekeeping farms, the beekeeper feeds a large number of bee colonies, it is not recommended to use methods of frequent extraction of honey collected in thick frames.
The beekeeper should periodically check that the honeycomb frames are full of honey and replace the hive layers or magazine layers in place of the wax filled frames.Bees always put honey in the hives at the top of the hive, so they start covering the honeydew hives from the top.After the inches of mumkatak rums are filled with honey and their tops are closed, they are taken out to extract the honey.Separated honey rums are replaced by empty rums.When bees are reared in multi-layered hives or in a 435 x 145 mm small honey collection (storage) layer on top of the main family, new layers are always placed above the main family or queen bee-restricted egg-laying layers.In this way, the layers of soft frames with honey are replaced depending on the production of honey.In the lower layer there is always unripe honey, and in the lowest layer there is juice from the field [6].
In the nests taken for control, transplanting work was carried out and new families were formed.By comparing the gathering of bees in the family and their productivity, we also studied the relationship between the live weight of the queen bee and her egg production and the number of seeds in the family.
At the beginning of the first honey collection (June 10), when we looked at the strength of the hives, it was found that each family had an average of 20 frames and 6-8 frames with closed seeds.In newly transplanted two-story and multi-story families, there were seeds in 2-3 frames until the start of the main honey collection, the less seeds were present the later they were transplanted (Table 5).During the honey collection period, hive families are busy collecting honey, and transplanted families are busy breeding their brood.At the end of the honey collection, families in the bed hive reduced their closed-seeded offspring from 22 thousand to 10.8 thousand.At the same time, the number of seeds in families in two-story nests decreased from 19 thousand to 9.8 thousand.This indicator decreased from 13 thousand to 8.0 thousand in families in multi-storey nests.It can be seen that the families in the nests had a higher rate of seed reproduction.
The main families collected 28.6 kg of honey during the total honey collection period, while newly established families collected 32.6 -36 kg of honey depending on the period of their establishment.It can be seen that it is desirable to use high quality queen bees to increase the productivity of bee colonies.

Conclusions
On April 17, families fed with sugar syrup collected an average of 13.0 kg of honey, while families fed with 0.5% milk added to sugar syrup collected 19 kg of honey.Also, the families who consumed additional milk had a high rate of production of 4,250 -4,605 thousand pieces of mumkatak.
Before the village, it was found that the migration of bees in both beehives was equal to 6.2-6.3.But when it comes to breeding in the family, in the experimental groups, they raised 9.8% more young bees compared to the control group.
At the end of the honey collection, the families in the hive reduced their closed-seeded offspring from 22 thousand to 10.8 thousand.Meanwhile, the number of seeds in families in two-story nests has decreased from 16 thousand to 8.8 thousand.This indicator decreased from 13 thousand to 8.0 thousand in families in multi-storey nests.It can be seen that the families in the nests had a higher rate of seed reproduction.

Table 2 .
Effect of sugar syrup and milk supplement on queen bee quality (2022).

Table 3 .
Honey productivity of bee families and new families created from them (2022) .

Table 4 .
Results of beehives in different hives.

Table 5 .
General status and productivity of bee families and new families created from them at the beginning and ending of honey collection.