Analysis of the implementation of the National project "Housing and Urban Environment" of the Tobolsk city

. With large-scale urbanization of natural-territorial complexes there are a number of ecological, social and economic problems associated with increasing the density of urban development, reducing the level of urban improvement, increasing air pollution, water basins and urban soils; flooding, waterlogging, etc.; dilapidated housing; accumulation of household waste; loss of vegetation cover and, ultimately, reduced comfort of the urban population. In this regard, the authors of the article propose methods of developing tools for the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development of the city of Tobolsk with its approbation in a number directions, factors and indicators.


Introduction
Urban land use is the most complex man-made and anthropogenic system, in which a multitude of loops of forward and backward linkages arise in the process of development and improvement of the natural and territorial complex, as well as the development of this system. In this regard, cities disrupt and restructure natural landscapes, thereby reducing the functionality, comfort and sustainability of the urban environment. This led to a scientific study concerning the integrated assessment of the state of all subsystems of the city of Tobolsk, to identify the inadequacies of its land use and to propose a number of mechanisms, ensuring the implementation of the Russian concept of sustainable development within the framework of the National Project "Housing Urban Enveronment".

Materials and methods
Bearing in mind that the solution of the problems of urbanized territories covers the Federal level, it may be emphasized that: 1. Their significance and turn to the scientific search for their resolution, based on the scientific potential of Russian scientists in the field of urban planning of sustainable territories: Sidorchuk V. L., Lappo G. M., Volodsky G. V., Milkov F. N., Zalesska L., Vergunova A. P., Bolshakova A. G., Bogovoy I. O. and many others.
2. The level of demand for these developments caused by the following problems in the current state and perspective development of cities: 1) Legal (regulatory, legislative) and administrative, more reflecting the economic status of the city, its urban planning decisions, demographic situation, without focusing on the state and preservation of the natural-territorial complex as a whole. And it should be assumed that the spatial and operational basis of the city -the basis of the location and operation of all urban objects, land plots, components of the urban landscape, engineering and transport infrastructure without exception [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10].
2) Socio-economic, as a result of violation of the laws of natural resources management during urban development of the territories [1, 3-6, 8, 11].
3) Environmental effects caused by [2,3,[8][9][10]:  First of all -not fully understanding the role of environmental factors (external and internal), their assessment, as well as the possibility of manifesting environmental risks in the formation of the urban environment, the use of natural and resource potential of territories.  The second -not observing the existing procedure (phasing) of the development of materials of master plans, namely, the inadequacy (or exclusion) of a set of measures for integrated assessment of the territories, and as a consequence -violation of the classical principles in the proposed for a certain city rules of land use and development, which is difficult to change when the territory is already developed under construction, communications.  Third, failure to monitor the introduction of housing complexes in bankrupt developers, and as a consequence, the often expanding of flooded urban areas, the destruction of the foundations of buildings and structures causing discomfort to the urban population, as well as economic damage. The research is based on scientific developments of scientists in the field of nature management, ecology, geography and urban development: Dobrovskiy G. V., Zalesskaya L. S., Lappo G. M., Sevostyanova A. V., Sidorchuk V. L., Reimers N. F., Milkov F. F. as well as materials of the National Project "Housing and Urban Environment" (including four Federal projects) aimed at sustainable development of the city of Tyumen (Table 1).

Results
The choice of the concept of sustainable territorial development of urban land use is impossible without a correct assessment of the features of the conditions of formation and functioning of the studied territory as a system, its natural and resource potential, environmental and social Economic conditions, as well as the degree of influence of both external and internal factors, followed by the identification of possible options for the socio-economic optimization of urban land use. This involves the imposition of a number of restrictions and burdens on the use of urban land (natural resources) and the development of a set of activities to implement them.
In considered concept, the process of transition to the most sustainable development of modern urban land use is more related to the ecological component, natural resource potential ( Figure 1). Table 1. Purpose and direction of the National Project "Housing and Urban Environment".

Project Purpose and directions of project implementation
Federal project "Mortgage" 1. Aims to create opportunities for the purchase of housing using a mortgage loan. 2. Provision is made for the transfer of the mortgage market into electronic format, as well as the formation of a liquid market for mortgage securities.
Federal project "Housing" 1. Aimed at increasing the volume of housing input, including: -by introducing risk-free instruments for citizens to invest in housing construction, effective land involvement, support for infrastructure construction in housing projects; -due to modernization of the construction industry and optimization of administrative procedures.
Federal project "Formation of a comfortable urban environment" 1. Envisages the implementation of comprehensive urban environment development projects to create decent living conditions for citizens and competitive cities.  1. Consider the urban land use of the city of Tobolsk from the perspective of the socioeconomic system.
2. Take into account external and internal factors of its prospective development.
3. To study the internal relationships of all its subsystems, including the naturalterritorial complex, using system, landscape-ecological and integrated approaches, thus justifying that ( Figure 1):  Sustainable development of urban land use is possible only if legal, economic, social and environmental problems are addressed in an integrated manner.
 A smooth transition to productive, balanced, economic growth will ensure the harmonization of all structural subsystems of the land and property complex of urban land use.  Harmonisation in the development of "nature" and "society" will be established by observing the restrictions in the use of natural resources, while creating a comfortable residence of citizens ( Figure 3).   Analyzing the level of implementation of the second stage of the Federal projects, it should be concluded that: 1. Weighted average mortgage rates are 11.07% for new buildings and 11.19% for the secondary housing market. The value of the rates reflects the insufficiency of the measures taken to facilitate the issuance of mortgages, which is confirmed by the performance of the indicator "Number of mortgage loans granted" and indicates that the actual level did not reach the target value for 2019.
2. The implementation of the Federal project "Housing" did not reach the 2021 targets. This provision is explained by objective conditions. On the assumption that the implementation of the plan requires the construction of modern large residential complexes at the expense of expansion, and in the conditions of the historical urban development is impossible to expand.
On this basis, point-to-point housing is the most popular and may eventually lead to a loss of landscape, ecological, structural and morphological links between the components of natureterritorial complex of the land use city and urban planning order [1,3,4].
3. Federal projects "Formation of a comfortable urban environment" and "Provision of sustainable reduction of unsuitable housing stock" are implemented in accordance with the plan of implementation of the National Project.
The integrated approach to the implementation of projects required the implementation of a comprehensive assessment of the city's territory on all assessment factors and indicators of comfort of the urban environment of Tobolsk [2,4,11,12,14,15].
The assessment of the territory is proposed to be carried out by typological clusters. The basis of the development of typological clusters is a tool of spatial planning and scientific method of cognition (which has determined this classification of the urban area by essential features, including zones with special conditions of use of the city area (SCUCA), see The comprehensive assessment of the socio-economic development of the Tobolsk area includes the following indicators:  Dwellings and adjacent spaces (share of the area of dwellings, equipped simultaneously with water supply, sanitation (sewerage), heating, hot water, gas or floor heating, in the total area of dwellings).  Green spaces (level of greening (%)  Public-business infrastructure and adjacent spaces (diversity of services in publicbusiness areas of the city (%).  Social and leisure infrastructure and adjacent spaces (diversity of cultural, leisure and sports infrastructure (dimensionless coefficient).  Street and road network (share of the total length of streets provided by storm drains (underground drains), in the total length of streets, passages, embankments (%).  Urban space (accessibility of public transport stops (%).
For clusters, the results of the integrated assessment are as follows (Figures 5 and 6). Sustainability in the development of urban land use is characterized by our established spatial and territorial organization of planning areas of Tobolsk. and by the criterion value of all indicators reflecting the state of the urban environment, expressed by the composition and location in the spatial planning areas of Tobolsk (Table 3). Table 3. Urban spaces and their share in spatial planning areas Tobolsk city.
3. Public-business infrastructure and adjacent spaces (diversity of services in public-business areas of the city (%).
Based on the analysis of the results of the assessment carried out for the cities of the South of the Tyumen region, it can be noted that the city of Tobolsk has a potential for comfortable living conditions and sustainable development of the territory in many indicators (Table 3, Figure 6). Tobolsk takes second place after Tyumen in the quality of the urban environment.

Discussion
However, a number of ecological and socio-economic conditions indicate the expediency of development and implementation of a complex of works on development and improvement of the city territory. By way of example, this applies to public infrastructure. The most comfortable planning areas of the city are Podgornaya and Nagorny parts (territory of the Eastern Industrial Zone and Left Bank District), see Table 4 [1,3,4]. Thus, the study found that the most comfortable planning area of the city is Podgornaya and Upland part of the city (respectively: 67 % and 66 %), and the least comfortable area is the Left Bank district (18 %) see Figure 7. The degree of comfort and sustainability of urban space in several planning areas is reduced by:  Negative physical and geographical processes associated with waterlogging, flooding, formation and development of the gully and girder network.  Increased density of urban development and insufficient provision of urban land use with social engineering and transport infrastructure.

Conclusion
The study required the development and implementation of a methodology for assessing and creating comfort of the urban environment of Tobolsk. It covered a wide range of its factors and indicators reflecting social, economic and environmental aspects. The comfort of the urban environment is determined by the typological clusters -planning areas of the city. The value of the specific comfort index varies from 13% to 67%. The weighted average is 59.4%. The study has allowed: 1. Establish the relationship and interdependence between the comfort of the urban environment, the socio-economic development of the city and the preservation of the internal dynamic balance of its natural-territorial complex.
2. Perform a systematic and comprehensive analysis of existing planning mechanisms (National project "Housing and Urban Environment") and the implementation of urban planning decisions of the Tobolsk City Master Plan to create comfortable conditions of the urban environment according to the methodology proposed by the authors of the article.
3. Confirm the significance and implementation of the National Project "Housing and Urban Environment", providing:  Reduction in the proportion of emergency housing in the city of Tobolsk.  Creating more comfortable living conditions for citizens in all planning areas of the city.  The introduction into the economic turnover of the city (municipality) of territories with their non-use. Along with this, in order to implement the Federal project "Formation of a comfortable urban environment" and ensure regulation of key socio-economic tasks in the development of the city, it is proposed to include a section in this project "Urban environment as a cultural urban landscape", which will allow at the stage of its implementation to ensure the preservation of its natural and resource potential and sustainable integrated development of urban land use for the future.