The results of the study of the qualitative parameters of the multifunctional seeding machine

. The article presents a constructive scheme of a multifunctional seeding apparatus and substantiates the relevance of its use for agricultural producers of the Southern Federal district with a total area of arable land up to 50-70 hectares. This multifunctional seeding machine allows sowing in various ways for each crop. To assess the qualitative performance of the multifunctional seeding machine in Kuban State University named after I. T. Trubilin, a private methodology and experimental setup were developed at the PriMa department. A mathematical model of the frequency of a single seed supply by a multifunctional seeding machine for sowing corn and wheat has been developed. The parameters for the rational mode of operation of the multifunctional sowing machine for sowing wheat and corn have been determined: the rotation frequency of the disk n, the pressure in the seed chamber P and the frequency of a single seed supply is M for sowing wheat and corn. It was found that the frequency of a single seed supply during wheat sowing is more influenced by the value of excess pressure in the seed chamber. The frequency of a single seed supply during corn sowing is greatly influenced by the value of excess pressure in the seed chamber.


Introduction
The plant-growing enterprises of the Southern Federal district are engaged in the cultivation of winter wheat and barley, corn for grain, rapeseed, sunflower soybeans. One of the features of the cultivation of these crops is the various ways of sowing them, such as ordinary, strip, wide-row dotted. These key agrotechnological features lead to the need to use different sowing units equipped with different types of sowing machines, coulter groups and sowing sections. Since the vast majority of agricultural producers of the Southern Federal district with a total area of arable land up to 50-70 hectares do not use monoculture in the structure of crops, this leads to a low annual load of these seeders This is through deductions for depreciation, maintenance and repairs inevitably affect the final cost of production. It should also be noted that often, due to the high cost of sowing machines, small agricultural producers are not able to purchase the required agricultural machinery, in addition, this is most often not economically feasible. The use of hired machines does not allow sowing in the specified agrotechnical terms, which significantly reduces their productivity and quality parameters.

Analysis of designs of pneumatic seeding machines
Based on the analysis of promising designs of seeding machines [1,2,3], we have proposed a design and technological scheme of a multifunctional seeding machine ( Fig. 1) that allows performing dosing of seeds of various crops for different sowing methods. In the laboratory of the PriMa department of Kuban State University named after I. T. Trubilin, a methodology and experimental setup were developed (Fig. 2) [4] to study the operation of the proposed multifunctional seeding units.
Factors and levels of variation in the study of a multifunctional seeding apparatus were selected based on a priori information and a series of preliminary experiments (Table 1).
A composite D-optimal orthogonal Boxing plan-B 3 was chosen to analyze the influence of factors on seed supply. The experiments were carried out in threefold repetition, 200 seeds were sown in each experiment. The experiments carried out made it possible to determine the optimal operating modes of the multifunctional seeding unit [5,6].
During the operation of the experimental installation, seeds from the seed box 2 are dosed with a multifunctional sowing apparatus, after which the seeds are fed to the tape 8, with a sticky surface fixed on it. The seeding machine works in conjunction with an excess current sourcea fan 6, the rotation frequency of which is changed by a frequency converter 7. The drive of the seeding disk is carried out from a DC motor 3, the frequency of which varies by a rheostat 4.

Analysis of research results
The results of the study of the qualitative parameters of the multifunctional seeding machine are presented in Table 2. To substantiate the assessment of the influence of factors on the planning matrix and the results of the experiment, regression equations were calculated [1].
Regression equations in natural units: where y -frequency of single seed supply; n -rotation frequency of the seeding disk, s -1 ; P -the value of excess pressure in the seed chamber, kPa The adequacy of the obtained coefficients is confirmed by the Kohren criterion, with a three-fold repetition of experiments and a degree of freedom equal to 4, the tabular value is GT =0,391, and for the resulting models, respectively GT1=0,275 and GT2 =0,238; The optimal parameters of the multifunctional seeding machine were calculated: When sowing wheat: n=4,7 s -1 ;P=1,9кPа. When sowing corn: n=0,3 s -1 ;P=3,69кPа.
With an optimal combination of the studied factors for the value of the particular single seed supply during sowing of wheat and corn, response surfaces and their cross-sections were constructed ( Fig. 5 and 6).

Conclusions
Analyzing the data obtained, it can be argued that the frequency of a single seed supply during wheat sowing is more influenced by the value of excess pressure in the seed chamber. Under certain rational modes of operation for wheat: the rotation frequency of the sowing disk, n = 4.7 s -1 and the value of excess pressure in the seed chamber, P = 1.9 kPa, the frequency of a single seed supply M = 0.99.
The frequency of a single seed supply during corn sowing is greatly influenced by the value of excess pressure in the seed chamber. Under certain rational operating modes for corn: the rotation frequency of the sowing disk, n = 0.33 s -1 and the value of excess pressure in the seed chamber, P = 3.69 kPa, while the frequency of a single seed supply is M = 1.02.