Study of Corn Milk ( Zea mays saccarata L) Glicemic Index (IG) as Anti-Diabetic Foods

. Plants that have a low glycemic index, such as corn, can be an alternative food consumed by the public to prevent blood sugar levels from rising. Corn is not only low in the glycemic index but also rich in dietary fiber, fe, and beta-carotene (provitamin A). This study aims to examine the carbohydrate content and glycemic index (GI) of sweet corn milk ( Zea mays saccarata L). This research uses descriptive quantitative analysis to describe the results of corn milk index values. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, involving 8 respondents who met the respondent criteria. The criteria for the respondents in this study were (1) having a normal average body mass (BMI) = (18.5-25 kg/m2), (2) having no history of diabetes, (3) having a healthy body, and (4) being also not taking drugs. The glycemic index value was obtained by comparing the area under the curve between the reference food and the test food and then multiplying by 100. Based on the results of the study, the carbohydrate content of sweet corn milk was 8.79 g/100 mL, and the glycemic index (GI) value of sweet corn milk ( Zea mays saccarata L) was 20.81. Based on these results, sweet corn milk (Zea mays saccarata L) belongs to the low glycemic index group.


Introduction
Sweet corn is a horticultural crop that is much loved by the public because of its sweet taste. In addition, corn has a significant role in meeting the nutritional needs of the community [1]. Corn is one of the plants with a low glycemic index that can be an alternative food that can be consumed by the public in order to minimize the increase in blood sugar levels. In addition, corn is a plant that is high in dietary fiber. Various studies up to 2008 have shown that fiber can improve blood glucose response and insulin index. In addition to having a low glycemic index, corn also contains functional food, namely: dietary fiber, Fe, beta-carotene (pro-vitamin A) [2]. Based on this, corn can be used as an alternative food with a low glycemic index to minimize the occurrence of diabetes. To increase people's interest in corn-based food, a new idea or innovation is needed for corn processing, one of which is to make corn milk products. Milk is a product that is in great demand by the public, because milk has a sweet and delicious taste.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with an increasing incidence throughout the world. This disease does not only affect adults, but also affects children. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by an increase in blood sugar levels due to impaired insulin action, impaired insulin production, or both. Based on the cause, diabetes mellitus (DM) is grouped into four types, namely type-1 DM, type-2 DM, other types of DM and diabetes in pregnancy or gestational. Diabetes Mellitus at this time has become a problem that must be * Corresponding author: margarethasolang@ung.ac.id addressed by a country, where the disease is increasingly experiencing an increase. Around 80% of diabetes mellitus has the potential to die [3].
Based on data from the Gorontalo Provincial Health Office in 2020, there are 122 cases of Diabetes Mellitus in Gorontalo City, Bone Bolango Regency occupies 1695 diabetics. Then North Gorontalo Regency with 968 people with diabetes mellitus, Pohuwato Regency with 394 people, Gorontalo Regency with 341 people, Boalemo Regency with 118 people. Based on the data above, the total number of people with diabetes mellitus in Gorontalo Province is 3638 people [4]. Diabetes is often associated with a healthy lifestyle, one indicator of someone living a healthy lifestyle is maintaining a healthy diet. A good diet also has a good effect on the body, such as maintaining normal blood glucose levels. Food with a low glycemic index value can be an alternative food to minimize the occurrence of an increase in blood sugar in the body. This statement is in accordance with the statement of Kusbiantoro [5] in the SAGO journal Nutrition and health, foods with high glycemic index values such as potatoes, white rice, white bread, sugar and drinks that have a sweet taste can make blood sugar levels rise by quickly, whereas foods with low glycemic index values, for example, such as brown rice and whole wheat bread, can slow the increase in blood sugar levels. Foods that have a low glycemic index value can slow down the rate of glucose absorption and will suppress the secretion of the pancreatic insulin hormone so that blood sugar levels do not spike [6]. Some of the previous studied about corn milk did not examine the carbohydrate content and glycemic index value of sweet corn milk. Based on this, researchers have studied the carbohydrate content and glycemic index of sweet corn milk (Zea mays saccarata L). The purpose of this study was to determine the carbohydrate content and glycemic index value of sweet corn milk (Zea mays saccarata L).

Materials and tools
This research was conducted in the Biochemistry Laboratory of the Department of Biology, State University of Gorontalo, involving 8 respondents who met the criteria to become research respondents. The criteria for becoming a respondent in the study are as follows:  Corn was shelled and sorted to avoid caterpillars and then washed, then boiled for 20 minutes, then the corn would be crushed by means of a blender.The corn in the blender is added with enough water, after the crushing process is complete. It will produce corn grits, then enter the filtrate stage. The grits are filtered using a cloth. After the filtering process is complete, dregs and corn milk will be produced, but the milk is not suitable for consumption. After the filtering stage, then the corn milk is boiled without the addition of any substance or solution (pure corn milk). After the boiling process of corn milk is complete, corn milk will be produced which is ready to be packaged and consumed [7].
The object of this research is the glycemic index value of corn milk. The glycemic index value is obtained by comparing the area under the curve between the reference food and the test food and then multiplying it by 10. The calculation of the glycemic index (GI) value uses the following formula [8] : To calculate the area under the curve, the formula is used (Brouns et al. in Avianty and Fitriyono, 2014): Information : L = Area under the curve t = Time interval for blood collection (30 minutes) Δ30 t = Difference in blood glucose levels 30 minutes after loading with fasting Δ60 t = Difference in blood glucose levels 60 minutes after loading with fasting Δ90 t = Difference in blood glucose levels 90 minutes after loading with fasting Δ120 t = Difference in blood glucose levels 120 minutes after loading with fasting \ 3 Results and discussion

Carbohydrate
Carbohydrates are one of the nutrients needed by the body and function as energy producers. Based on the type, carbohydrates are divided into 2 types, namely simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. The results of testing the carbohydrates in sweet corn milk are presented in Table 1.

Glycemic Index
The glycemic index is the response to blood sugar levels when finished consuming a food compared to the same amount of reference carbohydrates [9]. To find out the value of the glycemic index of a food, humans are needed as subjects or respondents. The characteristics of the respondents considered in this study were age, body mass index (BMI) and health status. In this study, the average age of the respondents was 21.62 and the average BMI was 21.02. Age is one of the factors considered in this study, this was done because age is closely related to increased blood glucose levels. Increasing age in an individual is followed by progressive shrinkage of pancreatic β cells, resulting in fewer hormones being produced and causing an increase in glucose levels [9]. The criteria for respondents in this study are presented in Table 2. The Glycemic Index value of Sweet Corn Milk (Zea mays saccarata L ) is presented in Table 4. Based on the results of testing carbohydrates in sweet corn milk (Zea mays saccarata L), the carbohydrate value of sweet corn milk was 8.79 g/100 ml. Carbohydrate intake in a person is closely related to an increase in blood sugar levels. this is in accordance with previous research [4] there is a significant relationship between carbohydrate intake and blood sugar control in type II diabetics.
The glycemic index is the response to blood sugar levels when finished consuming a food compared to the same amount of reference carbohydrates. To determine the value of the glycemic index, that is by comparing the area under the glycemic response curve of the test food with the area under the glycemic response curve of the reference food [9]. Based on the results of calculating the average area under the curve of the test food (corn milk) and the reference food (pure glucose) for each research respondent, the average GI (Glycemic index) of sweet corn milk was 20.81. The results of this calculation show that the glycemic index value of corn milk is in the low category [10]. In general, the GI value (Glycemic index) of food is divided into three groups, (GI≤ 55), medium (GI 56-69), and high (GI ≥ 70). The value of the glycemic index in a food consists of 3 categories, foods with a low glycemic index are at , (GI ≤ 55), medium (GI 56-70), high (GI ≥ 70) [11]. Furthermore,in general, the range of food glycemic index is ≤ 55 which is included in the low category, 55-70 is in the medium category, ≥ 70 is in the high category [12].
In general, foods that raise blood glucose levels quickly have a high GI, while foods that raise blood sugar levels slowly have a low GI. In the journal SAGO Nutrition and Health revealed that foods with high glycemic index values such as potatoes, white rice, white bread, sugar and drinks that have a sweet taste can make blood sugar levels rise quickly, otherwise food with a low glycemic index value, for example, brown rice and whole wheat bread can slow the increase in blood sugar levels. Foods with a high glycemic index have an effect on increasing speed and increasing the amount of blood glucose quickly [13].

Conclusion
Based on the results of research that has been done, corn milk (Zea mays saccarata L) can be used as an antidiabetic food. This is because sweet corn milk has a low sugar content the average value of the glycemic index is 20.81 and belongs to the low category.

Acknowledgment
Thanks to all those who have helped in the research. I would like to thank the Head of the Biology Laboratory, State University of Gorontalo and all laboratory assistants, and I also do not forget to thank the biology students class of 2018, 2019 and 2020 who are willing to become probands so that this research can be carried out.