Integrated microelectronic pulse shaper for automation and telemechanic systems in railway transport

. The significance of the production of the integrated microelectronic pulse shaper, which is used in railway automation and telemechanics systems, plays an important role in ensuring the safety of train traffic, and can completely replace track and pendulum transmitters, and the electrical circuits of the device are presented based on research and the principles of using microelectronic devices in the production process. It has been experimentally proven that the integrated microelectronic pulse shaper works without interfering with each other in the production of parallel codes. Values calculated on the basis of the Bayesian method of diagnosing the reliable operation of the device are presented. These values were verified in the experiment by connecting the device to the actual operating system at a real station.


Introduction
One of the leading places is the creation of automation systems based on automation, telemechanics tools and equipment with elements of microprocessor technologies for the improvement of railway traffic control functions [1 -3].
Therefore, in modern control systems, it is necessary to implement non-contact devices with a microprocessor that exclude contact relays, transmitter elements and circuits based on them, which ensure high reliability and their compatibility with existing systems.
In developed countries of the world such as the USA, England, Japan, China, Germany, Spain, Russia and other foreign countries, in the design and creation of railway automation and telemechanics systems, their stability, reliability and self-control, as well as complex microprocessor systems that provide the necessary control commands development is important.
In the world, scientific and research work is being carried out aimed at the creation of microprocessor control systems related to the development of devices, equipment and elements of railway automation and telemechanics, as well as the synthesis of non-contact control and coding devices at a modern level. In this regard, improvement of control modules based on modern electronic elements; collecting new schemes for the use of non-contact elements relevant for railways; creation of new mathematical models; Special attention is paid to the development of microprocessor systems based on microcontrollers designed for control and coding, their work algorithms and software development.
Implementation of these tasks, in particular, the development of microprocessor devices for coding and controlling traffic lights based on energy-and resource-saving technologies in the system of railway automation and telemechanics is gaining importance.
In addition, special attention has been paid to the issues of theoretical and practical analysis of the operation of transport processes, technical and technological solutions of the organization of train movement, railway automation and telemechanics systems, as well as automation tools in management in the works of famous scientists of our country.
At the same time, the possibilities of applying new principles and technologies were widely used in these scientific works, but the circuits of electrical circuits in the coding and control of traffic lights were improved with the help of microprocessor devices that meet the requirements for the application of energy and resource-saving technologies obtained on the basis of graph theory methods in the railway auto-blocking systems, auto-blocking Mathematical models, algorithms and software capabilities of operation of separate elements of coding transmitters and traffic light control schemes in systems, as well as issues of their development and implementation have not been sufficiently researched. In particular, instead of code generators that work on different auto-blocking systems, there is not universal code generator that can perform all tasks Therefore, the following tasks were performed to create a universal pulse shaper with a microprocessor:  based on the technical requirements for railway automation and telemechanics equipment, it was selected from the methods and principles of developing a microprocessor pulse shaper;  developed mathematical models of pendulum and code path transmitters and software algorithms for researching microelectronic pulse shaper performance;  circuits of a combined microelectronic pulse shaper were developed in order to avoid contact transmitters in the wiring circuits of rail circuits and control traffic lights;  by implementing a microelectronic formulator that summarizes the functions of transmitters, recommendations were developed for providing energy and resource efficient technologies.

Methods
In the course of the research, mathematical models of graph theory, Petri nets, multigraphs, separate pendulums and coded path transmitters were built, and it was proved that the tasks of both of them can be performed by one microcontroller. With the help of the obtained models, the working algorithm of the universal pulse shaper with a microprocessor was developed, and on the basis of the algorithm, the organizational elements of the device were selected and the principle scheme was created.
The integrated microelectronic pulse shaper presented in Figure 1. was selected as the main element from the microcontroller "STM32F103" and the program was written. All logic operations are performed using software written on the STM32F1031 microcontroller. A logical AND element is applied to the corresponding outputs of the microcontroller, resulting in high potentials at the opto-relay inputs when both the encoder and the decoder produce the same code. The PVG-612S element performs the imitation of the contacts of the "KPTSH" (code track transmitter plug-in), and its outputs are connected to the "TSH" (transmitter plug) relays in the coding chain. MT-1 contactors imitated by MOP-transistors (IRFZ44). MT-2 contacts are made using MOS3021 element. An optoresistor belongs to the class of optocouplers and provides excellent galvanic isolation (about 7500 V) between the control circuit and the load. The maximum allowable reverse voltage is 3V for Mos301x, Mos302x and Mos303x models. The circuit board of the universal pulse shaper with a microprocessor was developed based on the description of the elements. Using the Bayesian method of determining the reliable operation of the device, the main malfunction intensity in the operation of the universal pulse shaper with a microprocessor was found to be equal to 285.6·10-6 1/hour. These calculated characteristics of microprocessor devices were confirmed using a systematic approach with the help of experimental research methods.

Results and discussion
The following results were obtained from the work performed and the studies carried out:  principles of development of microelectronic pulse generator circuits are based on technical requirements for railway automation and telemechanics equipment for active use of energy and resource-saving technologies;  mathematical models of transmitters based on Petri network multigraphs have been developed to optimize and analyze the operation of software for pendulum and code path transmitters, to study the process of parallel pulse formation ( fig. 1.);  revealed methods of implementing and replacing a microelectronic pulse generator combined on the basis of using modern microcontrollers and optrons to abandon excitation rings and contacts of transmitter rails;  a mathematical model of a microelectronic pulse generator was developed based on the use of the Bayes method of probability theory for diagnosing the technical condition of microprocessor devices;  microelectronic pulse generator is created, which is combined into a new device with low weight-size and high operability, energy-saving, parallel generation of codes of two transmitters.

Conclusions
Practical results of the study are:  algorithms and software of a transmitter circuit with a pendulum and code have been developed for implementing a parallel pulse formation process in a microelectronic molding device; It is known that recently the cost of electromechanical devices, for example, relays with 1st class reliability, has increased significantly by 15-20 times in the last 10 years. At the same time, the rate of increase in the price of microprocessor devices is not high. It can be concluded that the use of microprocessor devices helps to reduce the dependence of the Republic of Uzbekistan on imported products, reduce the cost of the block, extend its service life, avoid scheduled maintenance and increase the work culture of service personnel (Table  1). In order to exclude transmitter relays in coding circuits, a combined microelectronic pulse generator has been developed, which allows reducing energy and resource consumption, providing small mass and dimensional indicators and localizing the production of elements; Figure 2 shows that the integrated microelectronic pulse shaper has been demonstrated to perform proportionally in practical systems instead of the existing electrical centering, signaling and autoblocking relay encoders, practical compatibility proofs of microprocessor pulse shapers have been developed. The reliability of the research results is based on the fact that all the elements of the integrated microelectronic pulse shaper are working harmoniously and proportionately, and the results of the analysis of the mathematical models of electric circuits are confirmed by the experiments conducted in the coding schemes at the railway station.
The scientific significance of the research results is explained by improving mathematical modeling methods and improving the reliability of coding chains in order to provide a solution to the problem of creating a microprocessor-based shaper device by using resourcesaving technologies and saving energy consumption in coding chains at station and peregon sites.
The practical significance of the results of the research is the creation of a microelectronic pulse shaper that summarizes the functions of contact transmitters, increasing its ability to work without damage and without malfunctions, and in order to localize the compatibility with the existing relay electrical circuits, the microprocessor device developed on the basis of algorithms and software is widely used in electrical centralization, automatic parking signaling and autoblocking systems (explained by application). contact system with grease (0.1cm 3 ), also using a syringe. Contact system repair must be smooth, without deformation and traces of bending. check the integrity of the insulating plastic gaskets of the contact groups, grind the silver rivets, wipe with alcohol, a napkin, clean the contacts with a flat "velvet" file, followed by grinding and polishing. -Technological run (burn-in) of the transmitter install the transmitter in a closed casing for 6 hours to run in the contact system and the worm mechanism, as well as to detect possible changes in electrical and time parameters.
-Branding the transmitter the electromechanic-receiver fills the places for applying the brand with mastic and puts an imprint of a personal brand.
-Implementation of research results. Based on the results of scientific research aimed at creating an integrated microelectronic pulse shaper in railway automation and telemechanics systems.
To optimize and analyze the operation of the software of transmitters, to analyze the process of parallel formation of pulses, to carry out diagnostics of the technical condition of Petri nets and microprocessor devices, a mathematical model of the operation of a combined microelectronic pulse shaper based on the application of the Bayesian method was introduced (2021 of JSC "Uzbekistan Railways" Reference No. 01/113-21 of January 11). As a result of scientific research, it became possible to ensure the reliable operation of the device, take into account the necessary conditions for the switching of electric circuits and check the operation of the block in dynamic mode; The integrated microelectronic pulse shaper, created on the basis of the STM 32F103 microcontroller, which generates code for electric centering, autoblocking systems and locomotive signaling devices for reliable control of the transportation process, was introduced at the Khamza station owned by Uzbekistan Railways JSC ("Uzbekistan Railways" JSC 2021 Reference No. 01/113-21 of January 11). The result of the scientific research made it possible to abandon the use of contact transmitters, to introduce the device's self-diagnosis function, to reduce electricity and resource consumption by 45-50%, to abandon annual scheduled maintenance, to increase the reliability of the devices, and to adapt to work together in existing relay systems.