Formation of the territorial cost of electricity in the Russian Federation for the economic evaluation of HVAC systems

. Comparison of various energy-saving technologies used in the systems of heat and gas supply, ventilation and thermal protection of the building is associated with the mandatory economic justification of the options under consideration (with and without energy-saving measures). According to the economic calculation, the cost of energy resources has the main influence on the profitability of the option. On the territory of the Russian Federation in various areas, for different categories of consumers, their own tariffs are set for the cost of energy resources. This article has collected, systematized and obtained data on the dynamics of changes in the cost of electricity for various tariffs for consumers equated to the population in various regions of the Russian Federation, which in the future simplifies the economic assessment of energy saving measures in DHW systems.


Introduction
All over the world, an important role is given to energy saving in buildings, which is aimed at reducing the consumption of the country's fuel and energy resources [1][2][3][4][5]. The problem of energy saving in buildings is solved, among other things, by the use of energy-saving solutions in the design of heating, ventilation, air conditioning systems [1,3,4] and the design of thermal protection of buildings [2]. To assess the profitability of the use of such measures, it is customary to do an energy assessment, on the basis of which the next step is an economic assessment. A key factor in this assessment is the correct determination of the cost of energy resources. On the territory of the Russian Federation, the cost of energy carriers in different regions can differ significantly from each other, primarily due to the remoteness from energy supplying enterprises [6][7][8][9][10][11].

Methods
To simplify the calculations of the economic assessment of energy saving measures in various regions of the country, data were collected on the cost of electricity in 85 territories, regions and republics on the territory of the Russian Federation. Electricity tariffs for consumers equated to the population were considered: a one-part tariff differentiated by two time zones and differentiated by three time zones for 2021 and 2022.

Results
Based on the results of the data obtained, the systematization and assessment of the cost of 1 kWh of electricity in the territory of the Russian Federation was carried out. The highest cost of electricity for 2021 refers to such regions of the Russian Federation as the Astrakhan Region, the Vologda Region, the Kaluga Region, the Krasnodar Territory, the Moscow Region, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Novgorod Region, the Republic of Adygea, the Republic of Kalmykia, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), St. Petersburg, Stavropol Territory, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and are presented in Table 1. The highest cost of electricity for 2022 refers to the same regions of the Russian Federation as for 2021, but such regions as the Vladimir Region, the Altai Republic were added and are presented in Table 2. It is interesting to note that in percentage terms, the increase in prices in the areas presented in tables 2 relative to 2021 ranged from 4 to 48%. The largest increase in prices refers to the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.
For clarity, in Figure 1, on the map of the Russian Federation, the subjects with the maximum cost for electricity in 2021 were highlighted in red, and the subjects that were added in 2022 were highlighted in dark red (burgundy).

Discussion
The lowest cost of electricity for 2021 refers to such regions of the Russian Federation as the Irkutsk Region, Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Dagestan, the Chechen Republic and are presented in Table 3. The lowest cost of electricity for 2022 refers to the same regions of the Russian Federation as for 2021 and is presented in Table 4. In percentage terms, the increase in prices in the areas presented in tables 4 relative to 2021 ranged from 5 to 50%. The largest increase in prices refers to the Krasnodar Territory.
For clarity, in Figure 2, on the map of the Russian Federation, subjects with a minimum cost for electricity in 2021 and 2022 were highlighted in green. For clarity, in Figure 3 on the map of the Russian Federation, these subjects were highlighted in blue.

Conclusion
The results of the obtained data on the cost of electricity in various regions of the Russian Federation make it possible to carry out an economic assessment of energy-saving solutions for DHW systems in the ranges of indicated costs with the possibility of predicting the cost for the future by the percentage of price increases.