A systematic approach to technical inspection of construction projects

. This study presents a methodical approach to the procedure of inspection of the technical condition of non-residential public buildings, including architectural monuments. The work considers the peculiarities of the inspection at each stage - the analysis of the initial data, preparation for and preliminary (visual) inspection of the object with the drawing up of the inspection program, conducting a detailed (instrumental) inspection, processing the results and preparing a technical conclusion. As methods of research were used - the method of observation and comparison of actual, design and regulatory parameters, the method of measurement of actual values, methods of nondestructive testing, described used means of measurement and control. Performed visual inspection, analysis of the structural system of the building, photography, drawings of the object. On the basis of the results of visual and instrumental inspection defects and damages typical for the finishing stage were identified. A list and map of defects have been developed. The presented methodological approach can be used at the object-analogues, including architectural monuments and objects of cultural heritage. The causes of defects and damages have been identified, and recommendations for their elimination have been given.


Introduction
At the present time current research topics in the field of technical inspection of buildings and structures are: -application of a comprehensive approach to the inspection of buildings on the example of architectural monuments [1][2][3]; -development of organizational and technological model of building control, including methods of non-destructive testing [4-6; 12]; -performance of verification calculations of building structures [6][7].
The purpose of technical inspection of buildings is to establish the compliance of all building elements of buildings with the relevant regulatory requirements. GOST 31937-2011, SP 13-102-2003 specify the general rules for inspection and monitoring of the technical condition of buildings and structures, and the requirements for the inspection of the technical condition of foundations and foundations, building structures, engineering equipment, electrical networks and communications, sound insulation, noise and vibration. However, practice shows that the inspection of structural elements does not always allow objective assessment of the state of buildings [8][9][10][11]. This is due to the fact that the quality of buildings depends not only on the quality of materials, structures, but also on the quality of construction and installation work at the stages of the life cycle of the object [9][10][11][12][13].
At the present time the term of the inspection of buildings and procedure of realization of inspection are absent in the normative and technical documentation, at the same time the technical inspection of buildings allows to reveal the most critical defects and to develop the design documentation of the best quality, taking into account all necessary changes. The reasons for the emergence of the revealed defects and damages are poor quality of repair and restoration works. Therefore, the establishment of methodological approach to the implementation of technical inspection of construction objects is the most urgent task at the present time.

Method of statistical evaluation of interlaboratory comparison tests
The area of research is to improve the quality of technical inspection of construction objects on the example of the inspection of buildings of non-residential purpose.
The subject of the study -the methodology of assessing the quality of construction and installation work in the inspection of buildings of nonresidential purpose.
The aim of the work was to analyze regulatory and technical, design, working documentation, inspection of the scope and quality of work performed by the example of non-residential premises.
In accordance with the goal the following tasks were set and solved: -analysis of design and working documentation, cadastral passport of premises (plans and explications of BTI); -inspection of the volume and quality of executed work; -definition of quality of the executed works according to the normative and technical documentation; -fixation of defects and damages on the object.
The inspection of the object consists of the following stages ( Figure 1): -preparation for the inspection and preliminary (visual) examination of the object; -familiarization with the brief characteristics and consideration of the technical documentation of the object; -inspection of the object by organoleptic and instrumental methods of research (tests) [4][5][6].
-processing of the results of the examination and preparation of the technical report (report) [14][15][16]. The brief description of the object of inspection includes: the object of inspection (residential/nonresidential premises, address, total area, floor and room numbers). Technical documentation on the object was the cadastral passport of the premises (plans and explications of BTI).
The object was inspected by means of visual and instrumental control (VIK). VIK is a part of complex of works on estimation of technical state of an object. The main task of the visual inspection is checking of the volume and quality of the performed construction and mounting works [4].
At the stage of the visual inspection the constructive scheme of the building was defined, bearing structures by floors and their location were identified, volumetric-planning solutions in combination with the constructive scheme of the building were analyzed. In order to ensure reliability of the obtained data and fixation of the detected defects during the visual inspection a technical photographing is carried out [16][17][18]. The equipment presented in Table 1 was used to conduct the site survey. The processing of the survey results included analysis of the performed visual inspection with the amount of work performed, actual and required for the facility, as well as preparation of the acts of certification of the performed work. For the technical conclusion (report), it was necessary to submit lists of defects and their illustrative representation.

Results and discussions
As a result of the preliminary (visual) inspection of the object, the following was obtained: -a scheme of the location of the surveyed building with the help of "Yandex.Maps" and "Yandex.Navigator" applications; -photos from different angles of the general view of the premises.
As a result of visual and instrumental control, technical photography of the identified defects was carried out. Figure 2 shows the installation of partitions made of gypsum plasterboard (GPB). The figure shows that the junction of walls and framework is not made in accordance with SP 71.13330.2017, SP 163.1325800.2014, the distance between the profiles is different, the plane is absent, a significant part of the GPB is glued with assembly foam. Figure 3 shows the defect of lack of wall geometry, the adjacency of the floor to the wall does not meet the requirements of SP 71.13330.2017 [18][19]. Painting work is not carried out in accordance with SP 71.13330.2017. Dilapidations, leaks, unpainted, lack of plane and geometry of the surfaces, violation of the execution of the technology of work  According to the results of the analysis of technical documentation and examination of the volume and quality of the work performed, the following was established: the most common defects and damages of building structures are: -presence of scratches, sinks, tool marks more than 3 mm, shadows from the side light on the finishing layer of walls and partitions; -installation of gypsum plasterboard on the metal frame is made with violation of the technology of work, the geometry of the walls is not observed; -on plastering of walls on the height up to 7 m the geometry was not observed, there was no adhesion, there were plastered the sheets of GPB, which is inadmissible, the vertical deviations of more than 3 mm on 1 m and more than 10 mm on the whole height of the room, the unevenness of the smooth outline surface more than 4 mm on 1 m [17][18][19].
-on the coloring of the ceiling there are not painted, there are leaks, there is no antifungal treatment.

Conclusions
The presented methodical approach of assessing the quality of construction and installation works during the inspection of buildings of non-residential purpose allows you to determine the quality and quantity of work performed and their inconsistency with the design documentation.
All work to eliminate defects should be carried out according to a specially developed project by a specialized organization that has permits for these types of work.