Algorithms for preliminary assessment of the technical condition of social buildings

. The article presents a rational approach to a preliminary assessment of the technical condition of structural elements of social buildings. The authors use the example of kindergartens and schools in the city of Tyumen/ They take into account the date of construction, characteristics of structures and the possibility of choosing effective methods for carrying out repair work. The dependence of the detected damage on the type of structural elements and the building year was revealed. There is also given a rational sequence of actions for assessing the technical condition of building structures with recommendations for their elimination.


Introduction
The quality characteristics of buildings, structures and structural elements gradually deteriorate throughout their life cycle. These changes occur as a result of the combined influence of many factors. The most significant are: additional stress causing microcracks in the material; violation of the homogeneity of materials; destruction and uneven deformation of the material due to large temperature differences, as well as freeze and thaw cycles; wood decay; chemical influence of salts and acids; metal corrosion and many others. The occurrence and intensity of such processes depends on such factors as: the quality of operation, the aggressiveness of the operating environment, the quality and frequency of construction, installation and repair work, which directly affects the long lifetime of building [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].
Thus, there is a need to develop a rational approach to the system for assessing the technical condition of structural elements of buildings based on specially developed catalogs of typical defects and damage to structural elements/ It would indicate recommendations for their elimination, depending on belonging to a particular group, which allows to form a list of necessary types of repair work, their volume and cost at the initial stage promptly, without deep immersion and special profile training.

Methods
In the context of the active development of cities and an increase in the population, it often becomes necessary to ensure the accessible and safe operation of old buildings of educational institutions for children of school and preschool age. Urban development is quite dense, so it is often not possible to build new facilities to meet the needs of citizens in the field of education. This situation makes us pay attention to the operational suitability of existing buildings of kindergartens and schools in the city. The object of the study is the technical condition of structural elements of the buildings of kindergartens and schools in the city of Tyumen.
Research methods are based on the formation of a rational approach to fixing and describing the current state of the building structures. In the course of the research, defects and damages of building elements were compared with the identification of patterns, categorization of the data obtained, analysis of possible methods for restoring the operational characteristics of structural elements, as well as systematization of results and development of step-by-step instructions for applying effective methods for assessing the technical condition of social buildings.

Results
An analysis of the existing educational institutions of the city made it possible to understand that some of the buildings were put into operation in the seventies of the last century. The current state of many of them does not allow guaranteeing the safe operation of the building for its intended purpose. The way out of this situation is to monitor the technical condition of real estate objects with the further implementation of repair and restoration work. This will ensure the further use of facilities for their functional purpose with the possibility of predicting the service life of normal operation.
Work has been done to determine the technical condition of the buildings of schools and kindergartens in the city of Tyumen. The current state of their individual structural elements was considered. As part of the analysis, the results of surveys of a number of typical brick buildings of existing institutions of school and preschool education, the period of commissioning from 1968 to 1990, were considered. The list of objects and their general information is given in Table 1. Depending on the period of commissioning, buildings can be grouped into several categories, which is reflected in Table 2. In the course of studying the existing reports of surveys of buildings, direct visual inspection, the information obtained on individual building structures and throughout the building was analyzed and formed into a summary table 3. The description of the technical condition of each object of study and its structural elements was carried out in accordance with the regulatory document [6]. More detailed results of the comparative analysis and the main sources are given in previous works [10][11]. In the course of the analysis of damages and defects in the building elements of the objects under consideration, the authors have revealed patterns of dependence of the nature of defects on the material of the structures and the year of construction of the building. Among the considered buildings, the majority is in a state of partially functional working capacity, which is 85%. Significantly less often (10%) there are data on the technical condition of the entire building that belong to the category of functional. The remaining 5% of the total number of buildings falls into the emergency state category. The detection of damage and defects in building structures highlights the need to restore the performance of structural elements within a building. The return to the object of the status of a functional building can be achieved by carrying out repair and restoration work, which would be aimed at ensuring the possibility of using structures without the threat of destruction and maintaining safe operation [7,8].

Discussion
Based on the identified defects in buildings intended to provide citizens with educational services, measures are proposed for scheduling repairs (Table 4) based on the possible priority of the implementation of repair work in a cramped urban area, the region of work and the state of structures in which the corresponding damage was found.
Bringing the obtained data to typical defects and damage to the structural elements of buildings, indicating recommendations for their elimination, allows at the initial stage to quickly form the volume and a comprehensive list of the necessary types of repair work. Based on these decisions, an approach has been formed for a preliminary assessment of the technical condition of the building and its structural elements. 4. Formation of statements of defects and damages; 5. Choice of methods for carrying out repair work to restore the performance of the building; 6. Preliminary calculation of the estimated cost of repair work. With the step-by-step implementation of proposed recommendations for assessing the technical condition of buildings, it is possible to obtain sufficient information even by persons without specialized education. As a result of the implementation of the proposed algorithm, the output data are: a list of possible defects in structural elements, recommended methods for their elimination and the estimated cost of the planned repair work.

Conclusion
In the course of the conducted studies, the factors for assessing the operational wear of the structural elements of buildings were determined in order to determine the indicators of the residual resource The analysis of data on the technical condition of typical buildings of kindergartens and schools in the city of Tyumen, the proposed algorithms for assessing and methods for performing repair work make it possible to rationally allocate resources during repair and construction work. That makes it possible to obtain an economic effect without affecting the service life of structures.
At the moment, the application of the proposed measures is limited by the functional purpose of buildings, the location region, the operational life of buildings and other factors described by other authors [9]. The main results of the research were published in conference proceedings [10][11]. Further development of this area will expand the range of application of the proposed algorithms by developing reference materials to determine the preliminary list and cost of repair work based on the preliminary assessment of the technical condition of the facility. An analysis of approaches to determining the cost and effectiveness of capital repairs of residential buildings using similar algorithms is considered in [1][2].