Food security of Russia in modern condition

. The problem of food security is global in the context of sanctions and conflicts. The study is devoted to the assessment of the level of food security of the Russian Federation. The paper assesses the current level of food security in Russia based on the analysis of trends in the development of the agro-industrial complex, and also identifies threats and challenges to Russia's food security at the present stage. The research is based on statistical data provided by the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, as well as analysis methods including computational and constructive, monographic, economic and statistical, comparative and system analysis, synthesis, etc. The article suggests measures to strengthen Russia's food security, taking into account the unpredictable development of the Russian economy. The results of the work make it possible to conclude that, despite the problems, the Russian agro-industrial complex successfully provides food to the population of the country and continues to gain momentum in the export of products. Russian scientists clarify the concept of innovation, the latest threats, problems of food security in individual countries and regions. The situation is aggravated by such factors as the imposition of sanctions on persons related to agricultural assets, the impact of sanctions on transportation and finance, and other restrictions, bikies. The Ukrainian crisis and Western restrictions against Russia are damaging food stability at both regional and country-wide, global levels.


Introduction
The relevance of the topic of this article lies in the fact that in any socio-economic conditions that exist in the country, the problem of providing the population of this country with food is of great state and public importance. It is difficult not to agree that the main task of food security is to create food stocks, as well as reserves at the time of negative impacts both outside the country and inside it.
The Russian economy has been functioning and developing for many years under the influence of restrictive factors: since 2014, sanctions measures have been directed against Russia and have affected all sectors of the national economy without exception. Studies have shown that the agro-industrial complex of Russia as a key tool for ensuring the country's food security successfully reflected the emerging threats [1].
However, in 2022, the sanctions pressure on the Russian economy has reached a new level: the number of restrictions from other states has increased significantly, and their form has taken on a harsh character.

Materials and Methods
The purpose of the study is to determine the directions of strengthening the food security of the Russian Federation [2].
The designated goal involves the formulation and solution of interrelated tasks: -to assess the current level of food security in Russia on the basis of identifying the main trends in the development of the agro-industrial complex through the use of analysis tools; -identify threats and challenges to Russia's food security at the present stage; -develop measures to strengthen Russia's food security, taking into account the extremely unstable development of the Russian economy.
The object of the study is the food security of the Russian Federation, and the subject of the study is the totality of organizational and economic relations that develop within the framework of strengthening the country's food security [3].
Within the framework of this topic, studies are being conducted on the impact of sanctions pressure on food security. Assessment of Russia's food security under the conditions of sanctions restrictions is a particularly relevant topic, therefore, many scientific publications of domestic and foreign researchers, including Belyaev S. A., Gorbatov A.V., Gorbatova O. A., Volokonsky V.A., Kiyan K.V., Korolev T. I., Novoseltseva E. I., Savkova E. V., are devoted to its study. Udmudov B.M. et al.
Regulatory and legislative aspects of ensuring Russia's food security are defined by the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation [4].
The assessment of Russia's food security is based on the study of statistical data provided by the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia (Ministry of Agriculture).
Among the methods by which the study was carried out, it is possible to distinguish computational and constructive, monographic, economic and statistical, comparative and system analysis, synthesis, etc.

Results
The problem of security in terms of security and the absence of unacceptable risk occupies an important place in the research of economists, sociologists, psychologists, political scientists and representatives of other scientific disciplines.
In our opinion, the starting point in the study of this problem is the awareness of the need for security, noted by A. Maslow for the nanoscale -the level of the individual.
The need for security is inherent in all economic agents that are active at different levels of the economic system [5].
Based on the analysis of literary sources, it can be concluded that the calculated integral consumption indices indicate an insufficient supply of potatoes, milk, fruits and berries to the population. In order to assess the level of food security at the moment in accordance with the current economic situation, databases are used and calculations are performed. The level of food security in Russia may depend on climatic and other conditions. There is a minimum critical level of agricultural production, below which there is already a level with unstable supply of own production, with dependence on interregional exchange and imports.
The events that took place in 2022 demonstrated that an insufficiently perfect forecasting technique is being used and it is necessary to reconsider some of the relationships between many phenomena. Previously, it seemed that they were deeply and thoroughly studied. Employees of leading training centers for political scientists and economists: Moscow State University, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, etc. they also contribute to the development and research of food security problems.
As is known, in any social system, as the complexity of the object under study increases, it is necessary to take into account an increasing number of environmental factors, i.e. external influences, when various options for actions arise both on the part of the object of study and in relation to it, and the tasks of calculating and accounting for increasing risks of destabilization and security violations are updated.
Assessment of the current level of food security in Russia is an important step in solving the problem of insufficient quality and safe food in our country [6].
In order to carry out this assessment, we used tools for analyzing trends in the development of the agro-industrial complex.
The first step in this direction was the analysis of the food market in Russia. It was revealed that, despite a number of problems, the Russian agro-industrial complex is rapidly developing and increasing the volume of food production.
In recent years, more and more capacities for processing raw materials have appeared on the market, as well as the development of exports of products to other countries [7]. It is necessary to achieve import substitution, that is, when domestic raw materials in the territory of a given country are produced specialized products. In the Russian Federation, it is necessary to produce import-substituting food products. The state support program has a positive effect on the development of agro-industrial production, ensures the investment attractiveness of agriculture, helps restore the reproduction of the agro-industrial complex, and most importantly, solve the problem of food security of the country [8].
The country's food security consists of the main elements, which include: financial accessibility of food (availability of food in stores, transport accessibility); economic accessibility (income level of the population, regulation of prices for basic products); food safety (health safety, caloric content and nutritional value).
Our country exports products such as oil, gas, coal, fertilizers and machinery. In 2022, more than 300 million oil and about 250 billion were exported to the countries closest to Russia cubic meters of gas [9].
Food and raw materials that are necessary to ensure per capita consumption within the country are calculated preferably based on consumption norms. And the goal of the country, of course, is to produce food with excess, so that there is an opportunity for distribution between regions, as well as food exports. Some regions of Russia provide themselves entirely with grain, others with vegetables, and others with fruits. But in one small area it is impossible to fully meet all food needs. Therefore, there is an interregional export and exchange of agricultural products, redistribution.
The economy of Russia, as well as the economies of any state, directly depends on the level of economic security of its country. The level of food consumption per capita and the coefficient of self-sufficiency of the country determine national security. Providing people with food products, the necessary amount of food products is the most important problem of humanity. Food security is a category of economic security, which, in turn, is a component of national security. Food security is a factor in improving the quality and standard of living of citizens.
According to many scientists and researchers, it is possible to ensure the food security of the country, as well as the development of the agricultural sector, by restoring the work of consumer cooperation. It will be able to solve many tasks, such as ensuring food security, rural development, and improving the standard of living of the population. Based on the analysis of literary sources and statistical data, it is possible to identify threats to food security. These threats are highlighted in Figure 1. Food security in the regions of Russia must be constantly monitored. To do this, an analysis is carried out of such indicators as: the coefficient of food imports, price indices for agricultural products, growth and growth rates, and others.
The following analysis tools were used to assess the current level of food security: 1) analysis of the prospects for the development of the agricultural sector in Russia in the coming years; 2) study of trends in the development of certain sectors of the agro-industrial complex, such as animal husbandry, fishing, poultry, etc [10].
Since food security is one of the most serious problems of the new century, it is important to find documentary evidence of this. It is necessary to fix that ensuring food security means not only an increase in food production. This task contains something more, namely the adaptation of eating habits, the introduction of new strategies and technologies. Food security paradigms often change with time and international crises such as pandemics and wars. This review explores the discussion of strategies described in the literature as the main ways to solve food security problems. Transforming the methods of ensuring the availability of food while ensuring the protection and conservation of natural resources [11].

Threats to food security
Various sectors may be involved in sustainable development, but the agricultural sector is recognized as one of the main areas of opportunity for the introduction of best practices to ensure food security. The introduction of new technologies in agriculture that improve soil characteristics, availability of nutrients and carbon, and increase crop yields should become a reality to ensure the relationship between sustainability and food security. Moreover, alternative food sources such as plants, fungi, insects, algae can be a possible solution to achieve sustainable food security.
The basic requirements of food security can be depicted in the form of Figure 2. 4) study of mechanisms of state support for agricultural production, such as soft loans, subsidies and subsidies [12].

Discussion
As a result of the analysis, it was found that at the moment food security in Russia is still a problem.
Despite significant progress in the development of the agro-industrial complex, the level of self-sufficiency of Russia in food production is still insufficient to meet the needs of the country's population. This is especially true for meat products, fresh vegetables and fruits.
Another problem is the uneven development of the agro-industrial complex in different regions of Russia. In regions with remote transport links and difficult climatic conditions, the level of food security is lower than in the central regions of the country. There is also a low level of investment in certain sectors of agriculture, which limits opportunities for increasing production and improving food security [13]. In recent years, the agro-industrial sector of Russia has undergone significant changes. This happened in the socio-economic sphere. Property relations were transformed, a market economy was created. At the same time, enterprises of the agricultural and industrial sector can choose the form of management independently, according to the current legislation [14].
The country's food security consists of the main elements, which include: financial accessibility of food (availability of food in stores, transport accessibility); economic accessibility (income level of the population, regulation of prices for basic products); food safety (health safety, caloric content and nutritional value).
The main contradictions of ensuring food security are shown in the figure 3. Threats to global food security are becoming more and more tangible. This is facilitated by processes that are not directly related to factors such as climate change or an increase in the world's population, etc. Sanctions reinforce these challenges and threats, as well as conflicts between states.
All this allows us to conclude that the link between sanctions and food security will become more noticeable. The influence between the factors of geopolitics will increase. Only joint efforts to ease sanctions and create conditions for conflict resolution within the country, as well as at the international level, can solve and alleviate the problem of hunger [15].
Thus, based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the current level of food security in Russia is still far from ideal. For the development of food security in Russia at the present stage, it is necessary to note: -attracting investments in the agricultural and industrial sector; -increase state support for agricultural production enterprises; -to improve the material base in agriculture; -reduction of imported meat raw materials; -implementation of a policy against monopolies; -stimulating the growth of the capacity of the crop industry, etc. However, positive trends have been identified, and with the help of state support and investments in the development of the agro-industrial complex, it is possible to achieve the desired results in the near future.

Conclusion
Forecast balances, or rather their system, can be used to predict the availability of agricultural products, food security and the pace of development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia and the regions separately. Balances are based on the production and consumption of animal and vegetable products, processed products. Forecast balances are used to clarify the amount of food, as well as taking into account the peculiarities of the regions, forecasting the use of agricultural products. Threats to Russia's food security at the present stage may include the following factors: 1. Food imports. Russia still depends on the import of certain types of products, such as fruits, vegetables, fish and meat. This can pose a threat to food security, especially with possible import problems.
2. Climate change. Climate change can negatively affect agricultural production, which can lead to food shortages.
3. Lack of investment. Lack of investment in the agro-industrial complex can lead to low production efficiency and a shortage of food.
4. Lack of qualified personnel. The lack of qualified personnel in agriculture can lead to low production efficiency and a shortage of food.
Challenges to Russia's food security at the present stage may include the following factors: 1. Increase in agricultural production. Russia should increase agricultural production in order to provide its population with food.
2. Export development. Russia should develop exports of its agricultural products in order to increase revenues and strengthen its position on the world market.
3. Investing in agriculture. Russia should invest in the agro-industrial complex in order to increase production efficiency and improve product quality. 4. Rural support. Russia should provide social support to residents of rural areas in order to preserve their potential for agricultural production.
Measures to strengthen Russia's food security, taking into account the extremely unstable development of the Russian economy, may include the following steps: 1. Development of agricultural production. Russia should increase agricultural production in order to provide its population with food.
2. Export development. Russia should develop exports of its agricultural products in order to increase revenues and strengthen its position on the world market.
3. Investing in agriculture. Russia should invest in the agro-industrial complex in order to increase production efficiency and improve product quality.
4. Rural support. Russia should provide social support to residents of rural areas in order to preserve their potential for agricultural production. 5. Development of a program to support small and medium-sized enterprises in the agro-industrial complex. Russia should develop a program to support small and mediumsized enterprises in the agro-industrial complex in order to stimulate the development of this sector of the economy. 6. Development of modern technologies in agriculture. Russia should develop modern technologies in agriculture in order to increase production efficiency and improve product quality.
7. Advanced training of personnel in agriculture. Russia should improve the qualifications of personnel in agriculture in order to improve production efficiency and product quality.
Thus, ensuring the food security of the Russian Federation is one of the most important issues of state policy in the conditions of external sanctions pressure, the influence of external and internal factors.
The most effective and efficient tool in this aspect is the implementation of state and sectoral programs for the development of the agro-industrial complex, agriculture, small and medium-sized businesses.
To date, the Russian Federation fully meets not only domestic needs, but is also the largest exporter on the world food market.