The ambivalence of modern technology at the stage of technogenic civilization

. The article focuses on defining the essence of modern technology, its ambivalent characteristic and determining its significance in the structure of the technogenic civilisation. The aim is to determine philosophical, methodological and scientific direction of research into the possibilities of practical application of the systems approach in civil aviation to ensure flight safety. It is revealed that the dual importance of technology includes making sense of it, using technology in its essence and finding ways out of the problems created by technology and technological civilisation. The results of this study have shown and confirmed that a systematic approach can be used to improve the quality of aircraft.


Introduction
In modern times, the rapid development of technology has become a topical philosophical issue. Since the twentieth century, the philosophy of technology has played an important role. Technology has become indispensable for people and has been given a key role in human life. It is difficult to give an unambiguous assessment of the role of technology in human life and to evaluate all the resulting consequences, both positive and negative, on people's lives.
The concept of technique has ancient Greek roots and means art, craftsmanship, skill [1]. In ancient times, in primitive society, people had the first scrapers and spade sticks. In antiquity, people practically ploughed the land with themselves, in medieval times hoes already appeared. Now, in agriculture, all stages of tillage and harvesting are mechanised, and in industry, everyday life, education and other spheres of activity, many devices, mechanisms and machines are used, which make life easier for modern man, and at the same time require certain skills and mastery from him.

Research results
Technology and scientific and technological progress are directly related to each other. For the technical characterisation of different historical eras, it is relevant to look at the development of the tools of the trade. Of course, when comparing the technical means of the first ancient societies and modern society, there are strong differences. Modern society advances such as computers, mobile phones and other devices that are essential to a fulfilled life. It is the aim of human beings to have the latest gadgets all the time. A certain financial income is required to purchase these technical novelties. There is a race to acquire the new benefits of civilisation and people become dependent on scientific and technological advances [2].
The existentialist philosopher N.A. Berdyaev wrote about the fact that people can become hostages of scientific and technological progress. On the problem of solving the essence of technology N.A. Berdyaev said: "Technology is always a means, a tool, not a goal. There cannot be technical goals of life, there can only be technical means, goals of life always lie in another field, in the field of spirit. The means of life very often replace the ends of life, they may occupy so much space in human life that the ends of life finally and even completely disappear from human consciousness. And in our technical era this is happening in grandiose proportions" (N.A. Berdyaev) In the opinion of the philosopher technique has a negative impact on human consciousness and soul. Technology can help man maintain and prolong his life, but it is dangerous for man to be fully dependent on it. When man begins to rely on technology, he ceases to progress, he does not feel as a complete person [3].
The views of French philosopher Jacques Ellul and Russian philosopher N.A. Berdyaev on the role and essence of technology in human life have similarities. Jacques Ellul wrote that technology raises the standard of human life, but at the same time technology turns from a means to an end. As a consequence, man becomes a hostage to technology. And all social progress transforms into gradual enslavement of man to technology. Man puts his spiritual values into the background in order to acquire and utilize new material values, and the latest technical material means come into the foreground.
The bleakest prognosis for technological development in the twentieth century is presented in the writings of American social philosopher Lewis Mumford.
Mumford calls all modern civilisations "mega-machines", i.e. strict hierarchical social organisations. Our civilisation is all permeated by the dependencies of technology and it seems that God is not the creator of man, but technology creates man in its own image and all human beings are held hostage by technology. Mumford foresaw a robot-like uprising in which humanity would be subjugated by the machines and man would be a small cog in these vast technical systems, with the value of human existence reduced to a minimum. Man, by giving his thinking to the machine, is thereby allowing technology to create its own reality. As Mumford writes: "Technology creates man in its own image. And man unwittingly becomes dependent on technology [4].
Contemporary Russian scientists V.A. Tsvyk and I.V. Tsvyk in their article "Social Assessment of Technology and Humanitarianization of Engineering Activity in Information Society" hold the following point of view: "Rapid progress of industrial civilization, especially in the second half of the twentieth century, is contradictory: it provides more and more means to meet growing needs of people for comfort and safety and defines undesirable consequences of a large scale. Technology makes people's lives safer, but technologisation increases people's dependence on technology, making humans the object of technological transformation. Humanity is increasingly becoming an 'accomplice' in the evolutionary processes of nature, which raises the question of responsibility for scientific and technological progress" [5].
Observing the development of scientific and technological progress, we share the views of twentieth-century philosophers of technology. And, of course, we come to the following conclusions. Technology, by its very nature, is ambivalent. Technological advances can be used both for the good and for the evil of man.
Firstly, the main purpose of technology was to free up time, to make people's work easier. But the situation is different. For example, in the education system, in particular, in schools, universities and other educational institutions, the volume of documentation for the educational process has increased. On the one hand it is possible to process documents quickly and with high quality; on the other hand, the increased volume of documents has further increased the workflow for a human being and, consequently, it takes even more time to create complete documentation than it did in the beginning, before the use of office equipment. Time that is spent on the execution of increased amounts of reports could be spent on a quality vacation with loved ones or on creative activities. And increased paperwork, in turn, increases the use and output of paper products. And the essence of the educational process does not change.
Secondly, if free time arises, most people spend it in social networks, online correspondence, watching spam and advertisements instead of spending time in pleasant company or visiting cultural places. It all cuts us off from direct communication and we become lonely among people, like machines.
Thirdly, with the advent of modern technical means, online education (online schools, seminars, conferences, etc.) is emerging and developing. On the one hand, there are conveniences in online education: one does not have to spend time travelling and can be educated at any time of the day or night. But on the other hand, it leads to disconnection from each other, disconnection, and the diversity of distance learning in educational institutions takes a lot of time for the people involved in organising this process.
Fourth, modern humans shift most mental tasks to machines, and human reflexive functions become limited as machines count and do a variety of work that previously only humans did. And, as Mumford foresaw, machines can enslave humans.
Fifthly, even the mobile phone has a dual function, on the one hand people can quickly communicate with each other and make important decisions, but on the other hand the same phone can distract us from various activities when we use it uncontrollably. For example, frequent texting distracts us from the work process, thereby increasing the time scheduled for the tasks at hand.
Nevertheless, scientific and technological progress is advancing, and practice is the basis of cognition, its driving force. It permeates all aspects, forms, stages of knowledge from beginning to end. From the emergence of the philosophy of technology to the present day, when machines and mechanisms play a significant role in people's lives, the urgent task of society is to improve the safety of the flying machine (FM). The results of this study showed and confirmed the possibility of using a systems approach (an interdisciplinary philosophical-methodological and scientific line of research) to improve the quality of aviation technology (AT).
According to paragraph 3.1 section 3 "Terms, Definitions and Abbreviations" of the national standard GOST R 58849-2020 "Civil Aeronautical Equipment. Procedures for Creation. The term "aeronautical engineering" describes "...aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers and components (components and accessories) designed to be fitted to civil aviation...".
AT standardisation is the activity of establishing rules and characteristics in civil aviation in order to promptly implement technological innovations in accordance with the requirements of ISO International Organization for Standardization quality management standards, as well as national standards and FAP of Russia and the requirements set out in the law "On Standardization in Russia" to strengthen the position of domestic airlines in the domestic and foreign markets.
The aim of such standardisation is to improve the safety of aircraft (FM). Such vehicles are commonly referred to as aerostats, hang gliders, drones and aircraft: helicopters, airships, gliders, aeroplanes and screen gliders.
The results of the analysis of the causes of recent aircraft accidents and aircraft accidents have once again brought the problem of AT reliability, along with the problem of the so-called "human factor", to the forefront. However, timely assessment of AT reliability based on the results of its automatic quality control for compliance with the standards applicable in civil aviation, can and must ensure flight safety with professional competence of aviation personnel. Therefore, in order to improve flight safety, the twofold task of AT standardisation is being addressed [6][7]: -development and application of AT software models to tighten quality control in a series production environment; -development and application of AT software models for automatic quality control under various operating conditions.
With AT standardisation, such models can and should be implemented on microelectronic components, using methods and tools for digital processing of measurement and control results. Digital signal processors and field programmable gate array (FPGA). The hardware and software implementation of the system approach for aeronautical quality control can and should be implemented on FGPA [8].
The philosophical-methodological and scientific direction of research into the possibilities of practical application of the systems approach in civil aviation allows the successful use of recursive methods for deductive processing of digital signals on FGPA for the anti-terrorism (AT) quality control [9].
The specific features of AT standardisation stem from the need to comply with the requirements of the standards used in aviation with the requirements set out in regulations: -Interstate Aviation Committee Aviation Regulations; -International Civil Aviation Organization regulations

ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization).
This standardisation is currently taking place in the context of the digital transformation of the aviation industry in the Russian economy and as part of the domestic AT import substitution programme due to the tightening of anti-Russian sanctions. Moreover, the import substitution of such equipment is facilitated by the standardisation of the aviation industry. And the competitiveness and competitiveness of AT of Russian manufacturers is ensured by harmonization of Russian FAP with the US aviation regulations FAR (Federal Aviation Regular) and the European Union JAR (Joint Aviation Requirements).
Characteristic trends in the development of AT standardisation in the Russian Federation are gradually becoming: -automate quality control of the AT in series production and automate quality control of its operation under different operating conditions; -harmonisation of national and international product quality management standards for civil aviation; -AT modernisation as part of its domestic import substitution programme; -robotisation of AT quality control systems in serial production and robotisation of inservice control systems.
All trends to a greater or lesser extent provide an opportunity to control quality of AT and its operation quality, which is absolutely necessary and quite sufficient to timely assess reliability of such equipment under conditions of serial production and subsequent operation. For realization of this possibility, at carrying out bench tests in conditions of serial production and at performance of control measurements of its operating parameters during operation, it is possible and necessary to create and develop databases on results of measurement of values of controlled parameters of AT of different series for comparative estimation of its quality and reliability. Development and application of multidimensional software models of probability distribution of measured values of AT operating parameters allow to control its technical condition by several parameters at once. The combined use of such models and databases contributes to prediction of undesirable changes in technical condition of AT even in unlikely, but possible changes in operating conditions.
The emergency landing of a Boeing 737 freighter in the Pacific Ocean near the Hawaiian archipelago this year has once again highlighted the search for additional opportunities to improve the safety of medium-and long-haul aircraft. In addition to the socalled human factor, aircraft damage and/or malfunctions are increasingly becoming the most important causes of accidents. Therefore, one of the additional reserves for improving the safety of such aircraft still remains the harmonization of Russian and international quality standards AT.
The results of the study have shown and confirmed that a promising direction for the harmonization of AT quality standards should be considered the use of the norms of the International Organization for Standardization (International Organization for Standardization, ISO) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) documents as prototypes of similar norms of national quality standards of AT of the Russian Federation. The necessary and sufficient quality of AT is determined by its compliance with the requirements of Russian and international standards and technical regulations as part of the further development of the domestic system of technical regulation.
The main principles of harmonization were the compliance of Russian technical regulations and quality standards with ICAO regulations and standards, as well as compliance of Russian Federal Aviation Regulations with Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) regulations. The tendency for the gradual tightening of requirements of foreign quality standards is due to the continuous improvement of national quality management system (QMS) based on the international standards ISO 9000 series. They establish quality management principles and make it possible for AT manufacturers and suppliers to use a process approach, as only product creation processes are part of the "supplier-organisationconsumer" chain in civil aviation.
Since 1970, in Europe, the Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) have been responsible for the development and/or refinement of European EN standards for civil aviation safety (CA) with the aim of international cooperation in the regulation and development of aviation legislation as well as the application of common safety regulatory standards and procedures for the harmonization and alignment of European and US aviation standards.
Since 1990, work began on the convergence (harmonisation) of the domestic system of aviation regulations with similar American and European systems. In 1992 Russia signed the "Agreement on a Coordinated Policy in the Field of Standardization, Metrology and Certification", which approved the Provision In 1998, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted the Agreement on the Interstate Council on Standardization, Metrology and Certification established to implement a common policy in the field of harmonization of technical regulations, standardization, metrology and conformity assessment (conformity assessment). In 1998, the Federal Law "On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Russian Federation on Certification of Products and Services" was adopted and came into force, containing new provisions that deal with various aspects of certification for deeper harmonisation of Russian certification systems with international rules and regulations, in order to meet the requirements of the World Trade Organisation.
In AT quality standards should take into account the requirements and recommendations of the ISO 9000 series, as they define the QMS requirements for where businesses (organizations) need to demonstrate their ability to provide products that meet customer requirements and applicable mandatory requirements.
The ISO 9000 series of standards has become widespread in the field of certification since their adoption by the European Economic Community as fundamental in international trade for the stable operation of QMS products of enterprises (manufacturers and suppliers). These documents are in force in more than 190 countries as national standards. Their first version was drafted in 1987, the second version was issued in 1994 and was merely a revised version of the first version. A third version was developed in 2000 through a radical revision of the second version, and subsequent versions were issued in parts between 2005 and 2018, despite the expected complete revision of the third version. This delay was caused by the desire of the developers to extend the validity of the existing standards.
In 1996-2019, the ISO 9000 series standards became the basis for Russian national and intergovernmental standards.
This was necessary to ensure recognition of Russian quality standards abroad, as it is based on multilateral and bilateral intergovernmental agreements to which Russia is a party.
The most important consequence of harmonisation of Russian and international AT quality standards can be considered to be the improvement of CA Russia flight safety by ensuring compliance with ICAO and IAC regulations, as well as compliance of Russian Federal Aviation Regulations with IAC aviation regulations. The prospect of such harmonization is predetermined by the trend of further deepening of compliance with international and Russian quality management standards as part of the improvement of the domestic system of technical regulation.
The validity of the findings of this study is fully confirmed by their consistency with the generally known results of a large number of scientific studies .

Conclusion
In summation, we come to the following conclusions: technology will help people if they use it properly, i.e. use it according to its essence. If man misunderstands the essence of technology and uses it uncontrollably, technology can subdue man, then he will become a cog in scientific and technological progress, just as twentieth-century technical philosophers foresaw. By using the technical achievements of civilization according to the rules of science, people will be able to live life to the fullest.
From the time of the emergence of the philosophy of technology to the present day, when machines and mechanisms play a significant role in people's lives, the urgent task of society is to improve the flight safety of aircrafts. Analysis of the content of official documents and chronology of AT standardization and certification development in Russia has allowed revealing characteristic trends of gradual harmonization of Russian and international standards in order to improve flight safety of civil aircraft. Improvement in flight safety can and must be ensured if a systematic approach is used to improve the quality of AT.