Interdisciplinary approach to investigating capital of territories with unbalanced development

. Multidimensionality, diversity, and multiplicity of changes occurring today at the level of territorial locations of various scales significantly actualise the resource component of the processes of life in the territories, since the positive dynamics of development of any socio-economic system is based on the provision of each stage with the necessary resources for development. It is even more significant for the territories with unbalanced development, since the lack of balance in the development of territories is often a consequence of violations in the resource provision of this process. All the above determines the relevance of the study of the capital of the territory with unbalanced development with the designation as the subject of the study of the need to form an appropriate interdisciplinary approach based on the optimal combination of theoretical and methodological components of the sciences that study the capital of the territory. The aim of the study is to summarize the components of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the interdisciplinary approach to the study of different types of territorial capital; to identify specific features of the theoretical and methodological components of the sciences that study different types of territorial capital; to identify common intersections and prospects of interdisciplinary tools, methods, formats in the study of territorial capital with imbalanced development. The methodological basis of the study will be a set of general and private scientific methods, the use of which allows to achieve the goal of the study. The expected results of the study are a conceptual framework that will in the future form a unified interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological approach to the study of capital of a territory with unbalanced development.


Introducton
The relevance of studying the capital of the territory with unbalanced development is determined by the growing number of such territories due to the practise of using the resources of territories by industrial enterprises to replenish their raw material base without adequate and equal in cost reproduction of resource and economic potential of the "exsanguinated" territories. In order to preserve the resource potential of the territory, to increase the indicators of its socio-economic development, it is necessary to take comprehensive measures aimed at restoring the balance in the development of territories and building their positive economic growth trajectories. These measures should include, inter alia, a legal and regulatory component, increasing the responsibility of businesses not only for the preservation of the environment, but also for the replenishment of all the components of the territory's capital used for the needs of businesses.
The imbalance in the development of the territory, in our opinion, is determined by the combination of the following factors: mismatch between the development targets and the real needs of the territory; mismatch between the development targets and resource capacities of the territory; mismatch between the development targets, objectives for their achievement, timing of stages, and other inconsistencies of organisational and managerial nature; Within the framework of this study, an interest is a factor of unbalanced development of the territory as a mismatch between the development targets and the resources of the territory. Given the multifaceted nature and multiple meanings of the concept "resource opportunities for territory development", it is most appropriate to use an interdisciplinary approach to the study of territory capital with unbalanced development, as a comprehensive theoretical and methodological approach that allows uniting under one methodological "roof" representatives of various sciences, which interests overlap in the same subject area.
The results of the authors' work to identify and systematise general scientific and privatescientific theoretical and methodological components of various research areas, studying the capital of the territory with unbalanced development in order to identify scientifically and practically significant intersections and form a common theoretical and methodological tools of an integrated interdisciplinary approach to the study of the territory capital with unbalanced development, are reflected below.

Materials and methods
The aim of the work is to summarize the components of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the interdisciplinary approach to the study of different types of territorial capital; to identify specific features of the theoretical and methodological components of the sciences that study different types of territorial capital; to identify common intersections and prospects for the application of interdisciplinary tools, methods, formats in the study of territorial capital with imbalanced development. In order to achieve the goal of the work it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) to form the conceptual apparatus; 2) to define the research tools; 3) to group the types of territorial capital; 4) to systematise, group, and reveal the content of the main theoretical and methodological components of the various sciences that study territorial capital [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].
During the study we used the following methods: 1) method of scientific knowledge (observation, experiment, classification, systematization, description, measurement, comparison); 2) statistical method (systematization of statistical data on the research topic); 3) analytical method (identification of analytical relationships, their representation in tables); 4) sociological method (periodic socioeconomic surveys in some rural areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk and Orenburg oblasts of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Orenburg oblast of the Russian Federation) [11]; 5) economic and mathematical method (economic and mathematical modeling, correlation and regression analysis, cluster approach, macroeconomic modeling and construction of macroeconomic graph-systems).

Results
Designating the capital of the territory with unbalanced development as the object of research, and the theoretical and methodological foundations of the interdisciplinary approach as the subject of research, we proceed from the fact that the definition of the term "territory capital" can have different content: in the economic interpretation of the term -as the value of all that is located in the territory; from the perspective of the resource content of the territory development opportunities -as the totality of resources formed to date (natural, natural, productive and financial).
The capital of the territory, as a totality of resources for its development, can be divided into four groups: natural and natural, industrial and technical, socio-humanitarian, investment and financial capitals.
NTC -natural territorial capital (including natural, ecological, natural, etc.) -a set of resources created by nature, inseparable from the territory (land, water, forest, minerals, natural, climatic, etc.), involved in various processes taking place in the territory.
PTC -production and technical capital of the territory (including industrial, production, infrastructure, information and technology, etc.) -the totality of industrial complexes, production facilities, transport, logistics and infrastructure facilities, information and telecommunication technology facilities located in the territory and related to them by all types of support, established and potential contractual relations with the contractors, formats of business interaction with the local community and government authorities in particular SHC -socio-humanitarian capital is "a set of values (including cultural values), significant and accepted by a given social group (family, collective, population) which as an intangible asset can bring economic benefits, improve social position of an individual and a social group; naturally occurring social relations between people which develop or help develop a particular set of skills or characteristics which are valuable in the market. [2]; "a set of social relations between people or groups of people whose livelihoods are linked to a particular territory, the development of which is significant, including for sustainable development". [2].
IFC -investment and financial capital -cash, securities, other property, including property rights invested in the objects of investment activity [15]; financial or real (tangible) assets invested for a long period of time; a set of conditions when the monetary form of capital allows profit without formal exchange of money for goods [13]. Table 1 shows the existing and author's definitions of the types of capital of the territory. The aggregate of: 1) theoretical knowledge, skills, practical application, professional and/or other activity experience of holders of individual educational capital; 2) educational organisations whose purpose is to conduct the educational process and other organisations whose work involves the knowledge, skills, experience of their staff; 3) acquired collective knowledge, accumulated experience, skills, competencies of the territory in which educational organisations are located and the population with educational capital resides [13].

Management capital / SHC
The totality of the territory's management resources, focused primarily on the formation of territorial policies and mechanisms for their implementation in the development of the territory's economy. Entrepreneurial capital (capabilities) / SHC A combination of: 1) individual entrepreneurial skills of those operating in the territory; 2) entrepreneurial skills of the entrepreneurial team associated with the territory; 3) conditions favourable to entrepreneurial activity in the territory, including, among others, loyalty of territorial authorities to entrepreneurial activity as a free and independent activity Industrial capital / PTC The totality of industrial enterprises, production facilities, industrial infrastructure located in the territory or involved in the processes of life in the territory Productive capital / PTC Aggregate of production facilities concentrated in the study area Infrastructure capital / PTC Transport systems and territorial networks and their structure: Intelligent and logistic transport systems; transport process management systems Technical capital / PTC The technical component of life processes in the area Information capital / PTC Information networks, databases, data banks, storage and processing systems, transmission and protection Information technology capital / PTC Information technology as an essential part of the modern stage of development of society and the economy of the territory Investment capital / IFC The totality of the territory's investment resources that could potentially or actually be involved in investment activities in the territory as an object Financial capital / IFC The totality of the financial resources that provide the economy of a territory with the necessary finances Source: Compiled from authors' research *NTC -natural territorial capital, PTC -production and technical capital, SHC -social and humanitarian capital, IFC -investment financial capital For the full-fledged process of the territory's development, it is necessary that all four groups of the territory's capital (natural-natural, industrial-technical, socio-humanitarian, investment-financial) should be in balance both within the group and in general between all types of capital. The economy of a territory cannot fully develop without the availability (involvement) of natural resources, an integral complex of industrial enterprises, social institutions, personnel sufficient for the functioning of industrial and non-industrial spheres of activity, etc. At that, the more diversified the territory's economy is, the more successful the development dynamics is and vice versa [8,9]. All this presupposes the saturation of the territory's economy with all types of capital of all the four groups we have identified. In addition to the saturation of the regional economy with all types of capital, the presence and timeliness of the processes of formation, use and reproduction of capital of the territory as a whole and all its components is important for positive dynamics. The presence of all the above allows us to speak about the full provision of the territory with capital as a prerequisite for the balanced development of the territory.
Thus, the balanced development of the territory requires: 1) availability of all kinds of capital sufficient for the development of a territory; 2) availability of all necessary resources during the whole process of territory's development; 3) timely and full replenishment of capital used in processes of life activity, its reproduction and compensation of resources spent on development; 4) maintaining a balance between capital groups, within capital groups, a balance in consumption and replenishment. If, for any reason, one of these conditions is not fulfilled, we can talk about a mismatch between the development targets and the resource capacity of the territory and, as a consequence, the imbalance.
Given the fact that the resource provision of the development of the territory involves all types of capital of the territory, which are the object of study of various related and nonrelated sciences, the interdisciplinary approach of research on the capital of territories with imbalanced development can become a coherent theoretical and methodological approach.
The theoretical and methodological foundations of any approach include conceptual apparatus, methodology, tools. The goal, objectives, subject and object of research are an integral part of the framework. In some cases, conceptual modelling, ideology, philosophy, etc. are also included. Tables 2-5 show the components of the theoretical and methodological approaches of the sciences, the object of research of which is the capital of the territory, including those with unbalanced development. Table 2. Definition and conceptual apparatus of the study of territorial capital from the perspective of different sciences

Definition
The totality of the territory's resources (in physical and value terms), generated by nature to date, created in the process of life activity by entities located or in any way related to the territory, the use of which creates preconditions and opportunities for the development of the given territory Natural capital The totality of the natural, mineral, plant and animal components of the biosphere, which are considered as means of oxygen production, water filtration, erosion protection and other components". [6] bio-geo-ecosystems; "the totality of resources of bio-, geo-ecosystems capable of maintaining and reproducing ecological equilibrium and associated ecological benefits" Production and technical capital "Advances in the development of material production for the creation of goods and services, comprising monetary capital (advances), productive capital (everything involved in material production), product capital (the result of production ready for the market and having a value, including surplus)" [7] Sociohumanitarian capital "A set of values (including cultural values), meaningful and accepted by a given social group (family, collective, population), capable, as an intangible asset, of producing economic benefits, improving the social position of both the individual and the social group; naturally occurring social relationships between people that develop or help develop a particular set of skills or characteristics valuable in the marketplace". [2]; "a set of social relations between people or groups of people whose livelihoods are linked to a specific territory, the development of which is significant, including for sustainable development". [14] E3S Web of Conferences 402, 13014 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340213014 TransSiberia 2023 Investment and financial capital "Cash, securities, other property, including property rights, invested in objects of investment activity [15]; financial or real (tangible) assets invested over a long period of time; a set of conditions where the monetary form of capital allows profit to be made without the formal exchange of money for goods" [1] Conceptual apparatus Basic terms and definitions related to the capital of the territory, the processes of its formation, use and reproduction.

Natural capital
Living and non-living nature, bio-eco-geo sphere of life, natural and naturalanthropogenic geosystems (landscapes), geophysics and biogeophysics of landscapes, geography, cartography, anthropogenic evolution, ecogeochemistry and cartography, eco-geochemistry of nano and micro particles, cultural flora and fauna, geomorphology, palaeography, oceanology, aerospace Earth studies, photogrammetry, zoning, stratigraphic dissection, geodynamic models, structural-formation complexes, lithosphere, tectonic movements, seismotectonics, neotectonics, geotectonics, tectonophysics, planetology, zoning, etc. д. Production and technical capital Work processes, calculations and design, transport and technological machines and complexes, industries, technical operation, functional units, mechanisms and systems, technological processes of interaction with the working environment, mechanisation, automation of production processes, urban planning, urban and rural planning, planning and design of territorial systems, modelling of structural organisation of settlement areas under various conditions of the biosphere and climate dynamics Sociohumanitarian capital Spatial and regional economy, balance of territorial socio-economic complexes, economic zoning, socio-economic differentiation, regional and local markets, smoothing of regional imbalances in the national economy, local government, inter-municipal cooperation, regional economic policy, sustainability of regional and territorial economic systems, population, demography, households, employment, unemployment, migration, labour market, mobility, etc. Investment and financial capital Fiscal federalism, public finance, behavioural finance, corporate finance, household finance, personal finance, investment activity, investment strategies, regional and territorial investment policy, objects and subjects of investment activity, financial instruments, financial risks, etc. Table 3. Methodology and tools for the study of territorial capital from the perspective of different sciences

Methodology
The basic methodological concept, which is basic to this study and forms an appropriate set of methods, techniques and methods whose application is justified by the objective set, the objectives set, the structure set and the logic of the research.

Natural capital
Theoretical and methodological foundations of natural capital research areas: biochemistry, geomorphology and palaeography, hydrogeology, hydrochemistry, oceanology, geo-ecology, geo-informatics, cartography, palaeontology and stratigraphy, petrology, volcanology, mineralogy, geochemistry, lithology, geophysics, geology, molecular biology, biotechnology, etc. Production and technical capital Theoretical and methodological bases of production and technical forecasting, planning and designing of territorial systems of different scales; regularities and regional features of territorial and spatial organisation and architectural and planning formation of settlements; theory of working processes of technological and transport machines and complexes of industrial and territorial destination, etc.  To identify the optimum direction of investment in order to obtain a profit and/or other social effect; to increase information and scientific knowledge in the development of investment and financial systems in order to apply them further in theory and in practice. Mission -to increase the efficiency of all activities related to the capital of the territory. Dynamics basis -uninterrupted supply of financial resources for the territory's economic development processes Research objectives A set of measures to achieve the objective; a list of actions whose implementation will bring us closer to or achieve the objective; the lines of action necessary to address the problem situation, to achieve the objectives; the stages of achievement of the objective Source: Compiled from authors' research. Table 5. Object and subject matter of the study from the perspective of the different sciences Subject of study "The object of investigation is a phenomenon or process that contains a contradiction and generates a problematic situation" [10]. The object of the study of the territory's capital is everything that is related to the state of the territory's capital, the processes of its formation, use and reproduction Natural capital The living and non-living nature of the study area Production and technical capital The resource component of the production-industrial complex of the territory: resource potential, resource requirements, resource logistics, resource base, etc.

Socio-humanitarian capital
The socio-humanitarian content of the territory under study Investment and financial capital The system of financial support of life processes in the territory; the investment credibility of the territory Subject of study "The most significant, from the point of view of theory and practice, properties of the object to be studied". [10]. The subject of the study of territorial capital is a part of what happens to the capital of the territory, subjected to research in each particular case.  The most important and scientifically relevant aspects of sociohumanitarian content of the territory's space Investment and financial capital Parameters, aspects, sources, directions of financing and investments in the territory; emerging problems and solutions; optimisation of investment and financial flows in the territory for economic growth and sustainable development Source: Compiled from the authors' research Our summary of the findings from the analysis of Tables 2-5 allows us to formulate a number of assumptions concerning the feasibility of developing an integrated interdisciplinary approach in order to apply it further in the study of territorial capital with unbalanced development.
1) The generalized definition of territorial capital ( Table 2) is continued in the speciesspecific definitions with a focus on the specific features of resource provisioning of the territory development process. The generalised definition can be successfully applied to any of the generic definitions with the designation of the type of capital and vice versa.
2) The conceptual apparatus of the study of territorial capital ( Table 2) differs significantly both as a whole (generalized from species), and between the types of capital. There is a "conversation in different languages" of representatives of different sciences studying the capital of the territory. It is the different language of communication that remains the main problem in interdisciplinary research [3]. Having a common object of researchterritorial capital -the use of specific terminology leads to a research disconnection and loss of interest in the results achieved or achieved by representatives of other sciences.
3) The methodology of territorial capital research (Table 3) is the most complex and significant component of the theoretical and methodological framework, the basic concept which forms an appropriate set of methods, techniques, techniques, the use of which is justified by the goal set, formulated objectives, specified structure and certain logic of research. Methodology -a platform on which all research is built and on how well the methodological structure of research will be built, so good will be the result of the work of scientists and practitioners.
4) The toolkit of territory capital research (Table 3) in the species aspect has a significant part of unified general scientific (general theoretical, present in all the sciences and research areas) tools. An important part is also the particular-scientific specific tools used in each of the sciences, which (most of them), if properly used, can be applied and successfully adapted in other sciences. 5) Aims and objectives of the study of territorial capital ( Table 4). The objective is to identify the most significant, from the point of view of each science and each specific study, trends, regularities, manifestations, factors, parameters, etc. The objectives imply a stage in the achievement of the objectives with all the relevant attributes.
6) The object of the study of territorial capital (Table 5) is general (territorial capital) and represents the components of the common research space.
7) The subject of territorial capital research (Table 5) can be formulated as the aspects of the scientific problem (situation) occurring with the object of research that are most significant in this particular study. At that, the generality of the object of research continues in the generality, interrelation, interdependence of the subject of research by the representatives of different sciences studying the capital of the territory.
Thus, a significant part of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the various sciences studying territorial capital are similar or identical with the presence of specific features of each science. The most different are the conceptual apparatus and research methodology. All of the above suggests that the most promising, significant and priority in terms of improving the interdisciplinary approach to the study of territorial capital is the formation of a generalized conceptual framework and the development of an integrated comprehensive methodology that incorporates all the most necessary and valuable in terms of conceptual modeling of balanced territorial development.

Discussion
The researches related to the development of the territory, components of such development, resources and other opportunities are carried out by the staff of the Centre for System Research of Sustainable Development of Territories and Quality of Life at Sibai Institute (branch) of Ufa University, since 1994. The results of the research are discussed during scientific conferences, round tables, symposiums on sustainable territorial development and other forms of interaction with the scientific community. Thus, at the international scientificpractical conference "Cooperation and Sustainable Development" we made a report "Managerial capital and its role in sustainable development". [19]; at the I International Forum on Sustainable Development and Innovation -report "Quality of Life: the Impact of Digitalization". [17]; at the conference "Sustainable Development of Digital Economy: Global Challenges and Prospects of Innovative Breakthrough" -report "Sociocultural Capital of Rural Areas in the Context of Sustainable Development of Digital Economy". [20]; at the International Forum on Sustainable Development and Innovation -report "Measuring Quality of Life: an Integrated Approach". [18]. All these materials have been placed in the international citation database Scopus with subsequent indexing. The research team has many other works in its possession, the response to which has been received from Russian and foreign research teams. The Centre plans to create an interregional Eurasian centre for research into the problems of territorial development on the basis of the application of various approaches and models. The team is also actively working on grants from scientific foundations, including the Russian Science Foundation. For example, the work is currently being carried out under the Russian Science Foundation grant 23-28-00893 "Capital in ESGmodels of economic growth of territories with unbalanced development: the role and importance of the interdisciplinary approach". [12].

Conclusion
The summary of the results of the conducted research allows us to formulate the opinion that the application of interdisciplinary approach significantly expands the opportunities and enhances the scientific level of the obtained results of the study of the capital of the territory with unbalanced development. The diversity and multidimensionality of today's problems in the development of territorial systems strongly dictate the need to take into account many different factors, apply a variety of research tools, and involve representatives of various sciences. Common scientific interests, common object of research, overlapping subject areas are three components of the urgent need to apply an integrated interdisciplinary approach to the study of capital of territories with imbalanced development.
Undoubtedly, the territories with unbalanced development require greater attention from all levels of government, including in terms of understanding the importance of comprehensive and balanced development of all territories, levelling the volume and scale of use and replenishment of spent resources, improving the level and quality of life of all Russian regions and their municipalities, saturation of local economic structure with various sectoral and other components, which in combination will reduce imbalances in the economy.