Construction safety risks identification of integrated utility network facilities (IUNF) project in DKI Jakarta Province

. DKI Jakarta Province implements the construction program of the Integrated Utility Network Facility (IUNF) to prevent repeated excavation and demolition of road bodies Construction work is one of the industries with the highest level of accident risk in the world. Likewise with construction projects in Indonesia, including DKI Jakarta Province, which is implementing the IUNF development program. One of the causes of the high rate of workplace accidents is unsafe conditions caused by poor safety management that cannot identify construction safety risks thoroughly. For this reason, good and reliable construction safety management is needed by identifying every risk that may occur and then conducting qualitative analyses to determine the level of each risk. Risk identification is carried out by first describing IUNF or Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) construction activities.


Introduction
The development of technology and information has made human needs no longer limited to the needs of food, shelter, and clothing.Humans need various utility networks to mobility and support all their activities.Referring to the Regulation of the Governor of DKI Jakarta Province No. 106 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Utility Network Infrastructure, utilities are facilities that concern public interests, including electricity, telecommunications, information, water, oil, gas, and other fuels, sanitation, and the like.The demand for underground utilities is increasing with the growth of urban populations around the world [1].
For this reason, infrastructure is needed to meet the needs of the community for utility networks.The construction and maintenance of the network that have been carried out by each utility network owner have resulted in repeated unloading work that damages roads and disrupts traffic flow [2].This poses a huge cost burden on utility providers, governments, and communities [3].The DKI Jakarta Provincial Government carries out the Integrated Utility Network Facility (IUNF) construction program to fulfill utility network services to the community, especially fiber optic networks for internet connection services, and to prevent repeated excavation and demolition of road bodies.IUNF is expected to_____ to cover the entire DKI Jakarta area.Based on the Regulation of the Governor of DKI Jakarta Province Number 106 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Utility Network Infrastructure, IUNF is a means for the placement of an integrated Utility Network located below ground level.
The construction industry is one of the industries with the highest level of accident risk in the world [4].The construction industry is the largest contributor to the number of work accidents in Indonesia per year, which is 32% [5].Such is the case with the construction of this IUNF.The main work of IUNF construction is excavation and boring work, where excavation work is one of the most dangerous jobs of various kinds of work processes in the construction sector [6].
Accidents that occur in the workplace are generally caused by two things, namely human actions that do not meet safety requirements (unsafe actions) and unsafe work environment conditions (unsafe conditions) [7].The unsafe condition in the workplace is caused by organizational management and safety is the highest factor at 35% [8].While other studies show one of the causes of the high rate of construction accidents is the presence of unsupervised work activities that cause risk control of these work activities to be neglected [9].To respond to the aforementioned facts, companies should introduce various interventions, such as the implementation of safety management standards, observation of behavior, or modification of workplace design [10].
Therefore, the construction industry, wich has a very high level of risk requires risk management efforts to improve construction safety performance.Safety planning is one of the factors that greatly influences the success of a workplace safety system [11], so construction safety should be a major consideration in the initial and conceptual design phase [12].Construction safety management planning can be accomplished by identifying the individual risks of the project as well as the overall sources of risk and documenting the characteristics of the risks.There are several techniques and tools in the process of identifying risks such as brainstorming, expert assessment, data collection, data analysis, meetings, and others [13].PUPR Regulation No. 10 of 2021 concerning SMKK Guidelines states that the identification of construction hazards and risks is based on the series or stages of work.

Integrated Utility Network Facilities
Integrated Utility Network Facilities (IUNF) according to DKI Jakarta Provincial Governor Regulation Number 106 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Utility Network Infrastructure are a means for the placement of an integrated Utility Network located below ground level.Meanwhile, still based on the same source, utility networks are utility support networks that concern public interests such as electricity, telecommunications, information, water, gas, and others located below the ground surface including in the sea in the form of cables or pipes.The IUNF development program in DKI Jakarta province is contained in the DKI Jakarta Provincial Medium-Term Development Plan 2017-2022.

Construction activities
An activity is the smallest part of a project used in planning, tracking, and control.In some projects, activities may be referred to as tasks, stories, or work packages.Defining activities within a project is the process of identifying and documenting specific activities that must be performed to produce project outcomes.The benefit of defining activities is that work packages can be broken down into activity schedules that provide a basis for estimating, scheduling, implementing, monitoring, and controlling project work [13].Define activities in a project using the following tools like expert assessment, decomposition, rolling wave planning, and meetings [13].

Construction Safety Risks
Risk is a mysterious event that has a negative or positive effect on the objectives of the project [15].All projects have risks because they are unique ventures with varying degrees of complexity that aim to deliver benefits and so do construction projects [13].Risk identification is the process of identifying the individual risks of the project as well as the sources of risk as a whole, and documenting the characteristics of the risks.There are several techniques and tools in the process of identifying risks such as brainstorming, expert assessment, data collection, data analysis, meetings, and others [13].From the identification of risks that have been carried out, results are obtained in the form of a list of risks.

Construction Safety
Construction safety according to PermenPU Number 10 of 2021 is all engineering activities to support construction work in realizing the fulfillment of security, safety, health, and sustainability standards that ensure the safety of construction engineering, labor safety and health, public safety, and the environment.Suraji & Endroyo define construction safety as the safety of people who work (safe for people) in construction projects, public safety (safe for the public) due to the implementation of construction projects, the safety of property (safe for the property) held for the implementation of construction projects and environmental safety (safe for the environment) where construction projects are carried out [16] .

Methodology
A literature study was conducted to determine the activities of IUNF construction activities using WBS.Then identify the construction risks of each project activity from a literature review of previous studies and previous project data.The results of this literature study are then followed by a process of expert discussion and validation.This process generally involves 3-5 experts who will validate the WBS and the risks of each activity using the Delphi method.The validated construction risks will then be compiled into questionnaires to be given to respondents to obtain an impact value and frequency of each risk.The process continues with qualitative analysis to determine the level and ranking of risk.The following Figure 2 shows the flow of methodological studies.

Result and discussion
This research process resulted in the development of WBS along with the construction safety risks of each activity that constitutes WBS Level 5.

Conclusions
This research produces WBS and IUNF construction risks with risk levels.And the results of this study can be used for further research on response or risk control efforts that can be used as a guide for the development of safety plan for IUNF construction projects in DKI Jakarta Province where high-level risk factors require in-depth discussions with experts to obtain appropriate risk control measures and can improve construction safety performance.