Research on Industrial Product Design under the Zero Carbon Concept

. In the context of modernisation, as the state advocates green consumption in various fields, the concept of green consumption continues to influence the public's consumption philosophy and more and more consumers are gradually moving towards green consumption. The essence of the green consumption concept lies in the high regard that humans have for the natural ecological environment and the pursuit of sustainable development, while zero carbon is the embodiment of ecological and sustainable lifestyles. From a global perspective, the concept of zero carbon is becoming an indispensable tool for companies to achieve profitability, competitiveness and healthy and stable development. With this in mind, we have investigated the design of industrial products based on the zero carbon concept in the hope of contributing to the social and economic shift towards zero carbon.


Foreword
In the modern context, zero carbon as an important guideline for enterprise development, zero carbon society is a green development concept advocated by the whole country for the efficient integration of man and nature and high technology, aiming to transform the concept of zero carbon into industrial products so as to achieve a healthy and stable development of green ecology and zero carbon environmental protection, which can be effectively integrated into the daily life and production of the public through products.Since the United Nations began organising climate exchanges, with "environmental protection, zero carbon, health and stable development" as the main course of action, planning the path of advanced technological innovation and rationalising the dilemma of urbanisation after technological change.

A brief description of the zero carbon concept
The concept of zero carbon originally originated in the building sector abroad and focuses on the use of various means to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The concept of zero carbon is broader, more targeted and more challenging. As an important goal for the modernisation and progress of human society, the essence of the zero carbon concept is to minimise or even zero the impact of human activities on the environment. The most important way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions is to minimise the use of fossil energy in daily production and important activities, and gradually shift to renewable energy sources such as wind, bioenergy and solar energy to gradually achieve zero carbon emissions.
China is currently in a period of rapid industrialisation and urbanisation, and the core indicator for the continuous reduction of CO2 emissions on the basis of sustainable economic development lies in the continuous reduction of energy intensity and CO2 intensity per unit of GDP, and the continuous improvement of economic efficiency per unit of energy consumption and per unit of CO2 emissions [1] . Under the concept of sustainable development, the innovative transformation of the zero carbon concept in industrial product design is crucial to the development of China's manufacturing industry and the transformation and innovation of people's livelihoods.

Analysis of the zero carbon concept influencing industrial product design
Firstly, the concept of zero carbon has an objective impact on people's lives today. With the establishment of the national goal of a green, frugal and environmentfriendly society, the concept of zero carbon has gradually been integrated into people's daily lives and has influenced the current industrial product design process. Under this concept, industrial products are more in line with the basic objectives of modern environmental development, and the raw materials used in the industrial design process have considerable environmental characteristics.
Secondly, the integration of the zero carbon concept into industrial products has also brought about significant changes. Mainly in the product design stage, more environmentally friendly materials are used to achieve zero carbon emissions, and the concept of environmental protection is used to produce processing products and production products. The fundamental aim is to put the concept of environmental protection first and to realise the unity of industrial production and environmental development around the ecological environment and a recyclable and renewable system..Therefore, there is also a need to gradually improve the processing of industrial products, to strengthen the corresponding environmental protection and green concepts, and to improve resource efficiency, which are the main drivers of sustainable development in factories. Sustainable development and green concepts should ensure that the role of the environment is not neglected in the pursuit of economic and social benefits, that new energy sources are safeguarded in energy consumption, that non-renewable energy sources are recycled, that pollutant emissions are strictly controlled, that the concept of zero carbon emissions is incorporated into product design, that current environmental pollution problems are improved and that the role of environmental protection is analysed in the context of long-term development objectives [2] . To this end produce a preliminary process analysis of zero carbon design for products, as shown in Figure 1:

Theoretical approaches to industrial product design under the zero carbon concept 4.1 Design theory approach
Zero carbon design builds on existing design approaches to decarbonise the life cycle by incorporating zero carbon design elements early in the product design process. This paper discusses the current state of design and its application to zero-carbon towards zero-carbon design, using the directional design approach as an example. A directional design approach is provided for product design activities at different stages of the product life cycle and for different design tasks. The main discussions are the Hansen design model.
The East German scientist Hansen's design ideas initially formed the basic structure of modern design: the definition of the design task, the reasoning about the function and operating principles of the product, the simulation design and the detailed design of the product. The Hansen design model was originally elaborated for the three elements that influence the performance P(property) of the designed system during the conceptual design phase of the product. The design environment U (Umwelt, in German), the product structure S (Structure), and the product function F (Function), in the context of product design and development, are fundamental to the realisation of the product function (1): The more frequently used mapping relationship models in structure and function are also addressed (2)(3):

Zero carbon optimisation methods
The current state of research on zero carbon optimisation methods is discussed in terms of two aspects: product structure design, configuration design optimisation, manufacturing and scheduling optimisation.
(1) Product structure design and configuration design optimisation In order to achieve the maximum combined benefits of carbon footprint, cost and performance in the product development and production process, multi-objective optimization methods are applied to solve the optimal solutions for product structure design and configuration, genetic algorithms, particle swarm algorithms, optimization based on entropy space [3] , dynamic planning methods, etc.
(2) Manufacturing and scheduling optimisation Optimisation of the product manufacturing process, including optimisation of processing parameters, shop floor production scheduling and green product supply chain. Optimisation of each design element in the product life cycle [4] .

Zero carbon trends
The complexity of zero carbon design, with the entire product lifecycle involving various fields of design knowledge methods, requires interdisciplinary research to provide an effective collaborative design platform. Among the zero carbon optimisation methods, the optimisation of the product manufacturing process and the optimisation of the zero carbon structural design are the most important compared to the optimisation of the product design configuration and production scheduling. There is little research on structural design optimisation, especially for zero carbon products. More research is needed on how to combine zero-carbon structural design optimisation with parametric design and real-time feedback after structural changes.

Demand analysis
The life-cycle-oriented zero-carbon design requirements analysis process relies not only on the requirements information from product users, but also on feedback from personnel in various departments during the product manufacturing, assembly, sales, maintenance and recycling phases. The collected and obtained requirements information cannot be accurately represented due to the usually vague and qualitative representation of product requirement attributes by users, as well as the fact that some feedback attribute information cannot be quantitatively described due to the lack of corresponding constraint relationships [5] . Consequently, in the face of imprecise and generalised requirements information, the evaluation of product feature attributes in the early design phase is often carried out with vague descriptions,as shown in Figure 2. There are two types of demand information: Voice of Customer (VOC) and Zero Carbon Demand Information. Zero carbon design is made up of sustainable design and environmentally oriented design, where the environmental constraints of different types of products are basically similar in the early stages of design. The following requirements analysis was summarised through the research, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2:

Bookniture paper stool
Bookniture's paper benches are made from a readily biodegradable, environmentally friendly material that offers great advantages in terms of production and recycling.During the design process, Bookniture's paper bench was transformed into a cylindrical shape with a honeycomb structure visible from the top, as shown in Figure 3.This is a more cost-effective and economical structure, as shown in Figure 4. Its structure also has special advantages in terms of geometric and physical properties.In a closed-loop design process, the details of the product encompass the entire product process, while recycling, packaging and transport are often overlooked. For users and manufacturers alike, the folded cardboard design of Bookniture's paper stools often makes them easy to transport, reduces CO2 emissions and serves as an example of zero-carbon, efficient material design.

SmartFlower solar power station system
Traditionally thought of as a constant motionless angle, the SmartFlower is also a solar cell, which belongs to the category of solar power generating devices, developed by Alexander Swarteck, capable of autonomously following nature's fibre optics. Refer to Figures 5and Figures 6.The SmartFlower generates over forty percent more electricity than conventional static solar panels. As the solar panels grow from layer to layer, small brushes behind each solar panel clean each other as they are opened and positioned, effectively absorbing the natural fibres. Its telescopic structure is smaller in size and allows for better transport and storage.SmartFlower product design needs to take full account of the green, zero-carbon, environmentally friendly concept of lingtai, resulting in a healthy and stable development. SmartFlower product design is aimed at giving full consideration to the green, zero-carbon, environmental protection concept, thus achieving a healthy and stable development. 6. Industrial product design based on the zero carbon concept 6.1 Product design for the production and processing chain Firstly, the life of the product must be taken into account.
Extending the life of a product can reduce resource consumption and also reduce carbon emissions. Secondly, consider the life cycle of the product. Product design, research and development should take into account factors closely related to the natural environment, energy and labour, and take into account the common life cycle, it is often easy to ignore packaging, transport and recycling, product packaging bags only from functional considerations. For the convenience of storage and finishing, but also to maintain the safety of the product, the design should focus on packaging, focus on more functional packaging, consider whether the outer packaging can achieve the goal of green, based on these ideas, and gradually improve the social image of enterprises.

Product design in the construction phase
Firstly, the overall structure must be optimised. Product design and consideration of energy consumption under the zero carbon concept is expressed in the progressive optimisation of the product structure. The product should take into account the internal optimisation of the structure of the components, as well as the optimisation of the installation and materials used, especially in the design, to gradually improve the internal installation pattern and space, so that the product reflects a more convenient feature and simplifies the process, which can reduce carbon emissions in the production process, but also reduce the production costs of enterprises. Secondly, the modularity of the product design should be considered. Modular design is reflected in the overall shape and structure of the product, as a way of increasing its service life and reducing the energy consumption generated. Specialist tools and components are designed using the unloading method, which subsequently allows easy replacement of wearing parts and makes installation more operational and feasible, indirectly reducing energy consumption, lowering carbon emissions, increasing the life of the product and improving efficiency.
Finally, attention must be paid to the use of raw materials. In the production and processing process, the use of raw materials is closely related to carbon emissions, and the manufacturing and production process of raw materials produces larger carbon emissions. The production and manufacture of most raw materials is the main link in the emergence and increase of carbon emissions, so it is important to avoid the use of raw materials with high carbon emissions before design and to use new materials that are conducive to environmental protection and green energy conservation for product development and research.

Product design in the modelling phase
In the design to gradually simplify the appearance, focus on strengthening the technical nature of the product and the various problems that may arise, more in line with the public aesthetic, highlight the sense of science and technology, at the same time, to show the concept of energy saving and emission reduction. In addition, the simplicity of the product shape should not interfere with its ultimate value, but rather reflect more on its role in environmental protection.
In addition, miniaturisation should be reflected in the design. Miniaturised designs can reduce production costs and use of space, as the reduced size of the product also reduces the energy consumed during transport and storage, effectively reducing carbon emissions.
A design flow chart was produced based on the above analysis, as shown in Figure 7.

Conclusion
In summary, design, industrial design and manufacturing under the zero carbon concept should not only pay attention to energy saving and emission reduction, but also attach great importance to the experience and basic needs of the general public, make sustainability an effective measurement goal throughout the product life cycle, and should create new design concepts. As an important trend in the pursuit of a zero-carbon society in the future, zero-carbon concept design is part of an ongoing extension of zero-carbon design and eco-design. The strengthening of industrial product design for the optimal transformation of zero carbon concepts cannot be achieved without the joint participation of designers, manufacturers and user groups, the optimisation of social and economic structures, the promotion of innovation and the development of energy structures towards a more efficient and greener trend.