Measures to reduce energy consumption in modern buildings andbuildings

. In order to reduce the energy intensity of modern buildings, to prevent the loss of available energy during their construction from materials with low thermal conductivity; expanded polystyrene. . In the construction of the house, the main focus is on the cost to be made for the material that goes to it, in addition to the strength, comfort of the building. It is imperative that the economy of these costs does not adversely affect the quality of the building. Building planning we cannot take into account the costs that can adversely affect us during the period of its exploitation after it is completed in the process. As a result, we use technical means that require additional costs to ensure a comfortable temperature in our building during the winter and summer seasons. They are able to provide us with the necessary temperature by consuming electricity throughout the day. This in turn leads to a further increase in electricity demand. The climate of the Bukhara region is a rapidly changing continental climate. Air temperature varies by year from-300°С (December, January, February), to +500°С in summer (July-September). So, during a cool year, we will be forced to spend extra on electricity or thermal energy. Therefore, in the process of building construction, it will be advisable for us to take measures to save energy. In modern building construction, there is a need for us to use materials that protect against hot and cold weather in this.


Introduction
President Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan Sh.M.In Mirziyoev's appeal to the Supreme Assembly of the Republic of Uzbekistan of December 28, 2018, it was noted that improving the living conditions of the population, providing it with decent housing, improving the well-being of our people will always be the center of attention, the program for building affordable housing will continue consistently in the coming years, improving projects of throughout its life, humanity continues to be inextricably sought not only to use favorable technologies, but also to improve living conditions.And the implementation of amenities is directly related to the economic potential of a person in his place.In the construction of the house, the main focus is on the cost to be made for the material that goes to it, in addition to the strength, comfort of the building.It is imperative that the economy of these costs does not adversely affect the quality of the building.Building planning we cannot take into account the costs that can adversely affect us during the period of its exploitation after it is completed in the process [1].
As a result, we use technical means that require additional costs to ensure a comfortable temperature in our building during the winter and summer seasons.They are able to provide us with the necessary temperature by consuming electricity throughout the day.This in turn leads to a further increase in electricity demand.The climate of the Bukhara region is a rapidly changing continental climate.Air temperature varies by year from-300°С (December, January, February), to +500°С in summer (July-September).So, during a cool year, we will be forced to spend extra on electricity or thermal energy.Therefore, in the process of building construction, it will be advisable for us to take measures to save energy.In modern building construction, there is a need for us to use materials that protect against hot and cold weather in this [1].

Materials and methods
The use of nanotechnology in construction is increasing, the water resistance of the facade of the house and the need to use paints, as well as the convenience of nano-coatings in that they are an energy-saving tool.For example, one of the properties of translucent nanocoats is that they collect solar energy.These films are placed on the windows and sides of the building: nanocoats can work as solar cells, adding modernity to the appearance of the building and are important for saving electricity.,The convenience of nanocoats is that they are energy efficient.For example, one of the properties of translucent nanocoats is that they collect solar energy.These films are placed on the windows and on the sides of the building: nanocoats can work as solar panels, giving the building a modern look, and play an important role in saving electricity.
Alternative types of building materials and equipment imported to our republic in recent years based on local raw materials, namely Basalt-based fittings, fibers, nets and plates, fiberglass composite the production of fittings and pipes, acorn and Reed-based plates, foam concrete, gasobeton vapolystyrolbetons, heat isolating materials, sandwiches, energy-efficient heating boilers and equipment, solar water heating equipment, etc.is underway.But energy-efficient, import substitution and export-oriented the absence of benefits and preferences for enterprises producing building materials, objects, structures and equipment, project organizations for rationalization work in the design and use of objects in urban planning during their construction, engineering companies acting as customers and construction contracting organizations indicates that the necessary measures should be taken in this direction.The requirements for the currently used heat protection materials are tirelessly increasing, the standards of thermal conductivity have become more acute for certain construction structures, as well as for all buildings and structures.The thermal protection of buildings and structures provides for a number of practical purposes: increasing comfort levels, protection from heat and sound, saving fuel resources, and reducing use costs.The order of energy-efficient buildings includes not only buildings whose construction is protected from heat, but also buildings with engineering solutions of ventilation and Heat Supply Systems.
To increase the energy efficiency of existing buildings in the conditions of Uzbekistan, it is necessary to use vestibules, corridors, stairs, lift-taking areas of residential buildings above 3 floors for energy-saving purposes and public buildings of all types (only administrative economic zones of cultural, commercial and sports facilities)in short time (enough time for people to pass through these rooms) in the design of up to 5.0% thermal energy is saved by replacing the windows in the entrance corridors with energy efficiency and hermetizing the doors.To develop the construction of energy -efficient buildings, it is necessary to rely on the rich experience of using various buildings.The energy efficiency of buildings is determined by a set of many factors.Studies show that when using traditional multi -storey residential buildings, heat is lost from walls and slits -up to 30%, and through the window -18-30%, from the basement -5-10%, from the roof -10-18%, and through ventilation-18% [2][3].Non-separable molds made of penopolystyrene are designed to quickly build buildings with different numbers of floors.In construction, this new, heat-saving technology is noted as a high technology in the construction industry in terms of thermal protection, sound insulation maintenance, comfort and simplicity, as well as relatively low construction speed and cost, durability and long-term service properties.This technology does not require experimental research.
This technology has successfully passed tests in European countries, Canada and the United States.In Russia, this technology was introduced by such firms as "Kanstroy", "Izover", " warm house".

Results and Discussion
The basis of the mentioned technology is walls built on the basis of the use of blocks made of special polystyrene material, which are used as non-separable formwork.The wall, which has an internal space built from these blocks, is filled with reinforcement and concrete screed.Thus, during one technological operation, a monolithic three-layer wall will be completed, and its composition will be made up of penopolystyrene floors, which provide internal and external sides, thermal and sound insulation.In this view, the customer receives a warm house during short construction periods.
The use of non-separable molds made of penopolystyrene makes it possible to carry out individual residential buildings, multi-storey buildings, single-storey and two-storey, multistorey residential houses with a frame, service facilities, mass-use buildings, as well as objects for agricultural use, warehouses, storage areas and other types of construction, and on the basis of which it is built.The density value of the penopolystyrene blocks used in construction is from 25 to 35 kg/m 3 , that is, when compared relatively, twice the density of the usual penopolystyrene plates used as heaters.Penopolystyrene is almost waterproof.In penopolystyrene material, it is noted that the amount of absorbing water compared to the weight volume is on average around 1.5-3.5% during the year.On the other hand, the air permeability property of penopolystyrene is considered significantly higher than the value of its water permeability property.It is possible that the walls built on this technology are "breathable" [2].Ambient temperature physical and chemical of penopolystyrene does not adversely affect its properties.The low density value, as well as the use of special lock structures in the attachment of blocks, makes it an exception to the violation of the thermal conductivity property of penopolystyrene blocks, and the effect of immersion during the installation process and the use of the building is not recorded.Penopolystyrene is not considered a nutrient medium for microorganisms and fungi and is not considered susceptible to the effects of rotting, carrosation.These building system blocks are made of foamed polystyrene material and are considered to have a high level of thermal insulation quality, at the same time, in conditions where the thickness of the walls built from these building system blocks is 292 mm, the value of the resistance to heat transfer is 4.41 m 2 *°C/Wt makes up.For comparison, it can be noted that in order to achieve thermal insulation of this value, it is required that the thickness of the brick wall be 6 meters.With this, the durability and durability of the buildings under construction is increased.Table 1 below compares with other materials: Consistent with modern shrinkage procedures, the necessary heat resistance, for example, the number of walls increased by 3-3.5 times compared to old standards.The structure of heat energy loss through individual closed structures differs depending on the number of floors, material for buildings of the same type.Closed structures, Year of construction, service life, work as construction.For example, depending on the number of floors for houses, the following are:  Up to the walls, 30-35% of heat loss occurs in one-and two-storey buildings. Heat loss in five-storey buildings up to 42 %. Heat loss in nine-storey buildings up to 49 %. Heat loss in buildings through windows is up to 25, 32 and 35%, respectively. An average of 10 to 18% heat is lost through the basement and attic floors.As a result, a variety of thermal insulation is not used in construction today.Materials and structures, energy-saving facade systems, technologies monolithic houses with fixed molded, energy-saving light kurish transparent structures.
Energy-saving building materials there are various options for isolating, protecting the building envelope depending on the climate conditions, and there are two main options for a constructive interior with a cable lock on the construction design printer:  When multi-layer walls have a structural layer and an insulation layer -this is how it is called, thermal engineering heterogeneous girth structure. When there is an insulation layer, the body and the structural layer are suitable -this means that the same protection of thermal engineering is the same. Export of electricity to neighboring countries with the use of a single power grid. Creation of a complete database on energy consumption of buildings . Reconstruction of 1% of buildings every year (strict requirements for new buildings on energy consumption). Application of energy-efficient measures with a cover period of not less than 5 years. Complete disposal of waste-heat and (burial of waste is strictly prohibited). Reducing the use of thermal energy by 2% every year without use limits. Economic interest of the population in the application of advanced energy-efficient technologies, according to the requirements established in the composition of the chip P-3-79, the minimum value of the resistance of external walls to heat transfer is determined to be 3.2 m 2 *°С/Vt.On the basis of non -separable molds, this indicator of the building system of buildings is calculated-much higher than the established normative value.

Conclusion
In place of the conclusion, it can be said that the components (elements) of the nonseparable mold, made of solid and self-absorbing penopolystyrene, in a form filled with hollow blocks, reinforced (reinforced) and concrete screed, are considered to have a universal description for the construction of walls of objects of any desired type.In Uzbekistan, where the construction of houses from bricks has become a traditional method, the process of building houses with the help of modern construction technologies, including technologies based on the use of a non-separable mold made of penopolystyrene, is expected to become popular in the future.

Fig. 2 .
Fig. 2. Placement of blocks in the building.

Fig. 3 .
Fig. 3. Permanent type formwork and its use in the construction of buildings.