Organization of rational and environmentally sound use of forest resources, taking into account the economic factor on the example of the Kartopsky forestry of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Yugra)

. Balanced ecological and economic development is possible only with the development and implementation of a single comprehensive program for the use of natural resources, taking into account the need for environmental protection, restoration of natural resources, restoration and production of flora and fauna resources. The scale of the impact of anthropogenic factors has not yet been fully assessed, however, it can be said with confidence that the environmental losses that nature incurs from all types of negative impact on the environment significantly exceed the currently calculated economic losses.


Introduction
The pace of economic development has exacerbated the problem of limited natural resources, on the basis of this, it became necessary to take into account environmental requirements in the economy. In the "economy-environment" system, neither the economy over the environment nor the environment over the economy can be given priority. There is a need to ensure such interaction, in which high rates of expanded reproduction, economic growth would be combined not only with the preservation, but also with the continuous improvement and development of both individual components and the entire environment [1].
One of the important problems of rational nature management is the development of an objective economic assessment of forest resources, taking into account environmental factors [2]. The solution to this problem largely depends on the description of forest types carried out on the basis of ecological and phytocentotic studies.

Materials and methods
In this regard, we conducted a survey of forest areas and performed a forest typological description on the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, using the example of the Kartopsky forestry of the Soviet forestry of the Khanty-Mansiysk forestry department. Before going into the forest, forest management materials (explanatory note, forest inventory descriptions, afforestation plan) and all changes occurring in the forest fund of indigenous (over 100 years old) types of pine forests over the inter-inventory period (cutting down logging sites, sanitary felling, reforestation and other forest management activities) were studied. ) [5][6]. A plan-scheme of primary pine plantations was copied with the drawing of quarters and taxation allotments -ripe and overmature pine plots. The field study of native pine forests in the territory of the forestry was carried out by the method of detailed route research using specially prepared forest typological forms of forest stand descriptions by adjusting the taxation indicators of the last forest inventory, which were taken from the taxation descriptions.

Results
When adjusting the taxation data, the contours of the former forest stands were preserved to the extent possible, and their taxation indicators were determined visually or instrumentally (Table 1) [7]. Natural lowland for the past revision period of the middle class of bonitet. slight fluctuations in average fullness. A significant volume of felling of mature plantations explains the decline in pine and larch in such indicators as the average stock per 1 ha and stock per 1 ha of mature and overmature plantations. Similar indicators for lightly affected fellings of spruce, cedar, birch and aspen plantations are more stable, and the changes are caused by the age development of plantations.
The description of forest types was carried out by the method of laying visual circular areas with a radius of 15-20 meters. For complete descriptions of forest types, the number of the description (account site), the name of the forest type, the position of the site in the relief (floodplain, watershed, slope, its exposure and steepness, the nature of the micro-and nano-relief) were indicated. Next, the soil was described by genetic horizons. After describing the soil, a silvicultural-taxation and botanical description of the type of forest was given by tiers. The description began with a tree layer. His taxation indicators were determined visually with instrumental verification (using a measuring fork, altimeter, tape measure, Pressler's gimlet to determine the age). The species composition of the forest stand was determined. The state of the plantation was determined by the degree of cluttering of the territory, the presence of windfall, windblow and dead wood.
Pine forests in the study area of the Kartopskoye forestry occupy a significant area (77%) and are mainly composed of forest types of the green moss group, with a smaller participation of the sphagnum lichen and herbaceous groups, less often the long moss group. This is typical for areas of the northern taiga subzone, where, with the heavy mechanical composition of soil-forming works, pine is not able to compete with spruce and is pushed back by it to peat and dry places, substrates with low forest growth properties [10]. Under such conditions, pine plays a small role in reforestation processes (for example, after felling) of plantations. In this region (forestry), pine is also found in small-leaved forest stands, but more often in areas bordering large upland and transitional bogs. By themselves, the forest-growing properties of the soil of upland (flat-drained areas) habitats are apparently favorable for pine. For example, on thin podzolic soils, there are single pine trees. In sparse spruce and birch forests, pine stands at the age of 120 years reach a height of 23-25.5 meters with a diameter of 34-38 cm. Thus, the position of pine in the forests of the region under consideration is mainly determined by phytocenotic and soil-historical factors, and one of the significant factors limiting its distribution and introduction into the derivatives of small-leaved plantations is low seed productivity and seed germination of sphagnum and lichen pine forests. Being an edificator with the participation of other tree species, pine has a great influence on the lower tier and, under different forest conditions on different soils, forms pine forest types that differ in floristic composition, structure, and the most important silvicultural indicators. All pine forests on the territory of the Kartop forestry can be grouped into five groups of forest types. The most relatively elevated, more steeply sloping and well-drained habitats on poor sandy soils are occupied by pine forests with a lichen group: moss-lichen, lingonberry-lichen and shrub-lichen ground cover species. Pine reigns supreme in the forest stand, other tree species are found, but relatively rarely and cannot compete with it. Such pine forests are allocated to the lichen group of forest types, which is not typical for plantations of other tree species. This group includes upland areas that do not experience swamping processes, but at the same time do not show an excessive lack of moisture. The forest types of this group are quite widespread, especially on the second floodplain terraces and the upper parts of the hills. It accounts for about 1/5 of all pine forests. Based on the data obtained, we built an edapho-phytocenotic scheme of pine forest types, built on the principles of Academician V.N. Sukachev in the study area. (Figure 1) [9]. It shows the edapho-phytocenotic series of soil richness and moisture (A, B, C, D, E) with arrows. Roman numerals denote groups of pine forest types, Arabic numerals denote pine forest types.
Edapho-phytocenotic series:  A -an increase in dead wood and a decrease in the wealth of the soil.  C -increase in moisture and deterioration of wealth and soil aeration with stagnant moisture.  C -increase in soil wealth with optimal aeration.  D -increase in moistening by running water.
 E -transitional series from flowing humidification to stagnant.
Forest types identified in the study area:  Green moss group: blueberry pine forest; lingonberry-blueberry pine forest; cowberry pine forest; blueberry-fern pine forest; horsetail-bilberry pine forest; blueberry-forb pine forest.  Herbal group: grass-green-moss pine forest; grass-meadowsweet pine forest.  Dolgomoshnaya group: blueberry pine forest; sedge-horsetail-long-moss pine forest.  Sphagnum group: blueberry-sphagnum pine forest; cottongrass-sphagnum pine forest; shrub-sphagnum pine forest; shrub-sphagnum-floodplain pine forest.  Lichen group: lingonberry-lichen pine forest; green moss-lichen pine forest; lichen pine forest. To perform an ecological and economic assessment (based on forestry and taxation indicators) of the forest massif of the Kartopsky forestry, test plots were laid mainly in the green moss and sphagnum groups of the forest type. The description of forest phytocenoses (forest types) on test plots is based on ecobiomorphs. The description of the phytocenosis contains the necessary data for carrying out an ecological and economic assessment: the height and diameter of each species are taken into account, the composition of the forest stand, the quality class, the wood stock are determined, the undergrowth and its D 4 composition, the shrub layer, grass-shrub and lichen-moss are described [8]. The assessment of the cost of standing wood is given in Table 2 on the basis of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 19.09.1997. No. 1199 "On the minimum rates of payment for standing timber" [4]. 60.497 *K -cedar, C -pine, E -spruce, B -birch, L -larch

Discussion
Ecological and economic assessment of some types of forests was carried out for all selected test sites, for each type of forest, taking into account the following indicators: composition of the tree layer, quality class, timber stock (m/ha), cost of marketable timber (ruble/ha). The cost of marketable wood (rubles/ha) is determined taking into account the stock of wood (m/ha) and the cost of standing wood (rubles/m). In addition, taking into account the ecological and taxation state of each type of forest, compensation for losses and losses in forestry production (rubles/ha) was calculated (Table 3), while the standard value was the price of forests of the 5th class of quality. The normative price of the described forests in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2018 N 1730 (as amended on December 18, 2020) "On approval of the features of compensation for damage caused to forests and natural objects located in them due to violation of forest legislation". The differentiation of pine forests into forest types is determined mainly by differences in the forest-growing properties of soils, which are mainly determined by thermal and water-air regimes.

Conclusion
Within the territory of the Soviet forestry, a total of 16 types of pine forests were identified, united in five groups:  Lichen.  Green moss.  Long length.  Sphagnum.  Herbal.
The most common central (according to Sukachev's scheme) type of pine forests in the study area is lingonberry-blueberry pine forest, it is a zonal northern taiga forest type that fully reflects all regional edapho-climatic features. The state of pine forests is generally satisfactory, however, in the areas of logging there is a strong clutter of cutting areas, the presence of undercuts, which gradually dry out and are a breeding ground for forest pests. In heavily waterlogged pine forests with potentially fertile soil, it is desirable to carry out reclamation to increase the productivity of the forest stand; therefore, it is necessary to conduct a qualitative assessment of forest lands. The main condition for increasing the productivity of forests and the general level of forest management should be the improvement of the quality of activities, the rational use of tree species, compliance with appropriate agricultural practices, forest monitoring to prevent forest fires [3].