Indicators for assessing the development potential of monotowns of the republic of Kazakhstan

. In Kazakhstan, the problem of the development of monotowns is one of the most urgent. The purpose of the article is to propose indicators for the development of monotowns in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article applied the method of system analysis, which made it possible to identify additional indicators of the development of monotowns. The experience of foreign countries in the revival of monotowns is analyzed. A very fruitful and innovative approach to the revival of monotowns was applied in the Netherlands in the single-industry town of Helmond, where a Volvo plant was built, which led to a construction boom. To solve the problem of the development of monotowns, we need our own approach, which involves assessing the development potential of monotowns. This article discusses the main indicators of the development of monotowns in the Republic of Kazakhstan, proposed by various authors. Statistical indicators of the development of monotowns are given. A system of indicators characterizing the development potential of single-industry monotowns of the Republic of Kazakhstan is proposed. Suggestions for the development of monotowns of the Republic of Kazakhstan are given.


Introduction
In modern conditions of development, the problem of the development of monotowns is of particular relevance. But due to their one-sided development, monotowns are systematically at risk, as they have insufficient stability and often a backward economic base. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, a program for the development of monotowns was adopted (Program for the development of single-industry towns, 2021). However, this program does not solve the development of single-industry to monotowns. The search for ways to develop monotowns, change the situation, determine the effectiveness depends on the methodology for assessing the development potential of monotowns. In Kazakhstan, there are currently 27 monotowns, of which 21 have manufacturing, 5 mining, 1 has research center. Methods for assessing the development potential of monotowns for the Republic of Kazakhstan are of a certain value and have practical significance, which makes it possible to identify the strengths of development.

Literature review
Many scientists were engaged in the assessment indicators of monotowns, in particular Manaeva I.V. proposes to carry out a methodology for assessing monotowns based on a comprehensive socio-economic analysis of their activities (Manaeva I.V., 2013).
Rastvortseva S.N. offers an author's methodology for assessing monotowns based on the selection of a block of indicators -economics, finance, labor resources, social sphere, demography and single-industry (Rastvortseva S.N., 2016).
Erinkton J.L. evaluated monotowns in terms of their diversification, safety, ecology and technology (Arrington L.J. The Company Town in the American West. By James B. Allen, 1967).
Bozhko L, Leskova L.G. consider the main indicators of the development of monotowns from the position of management (Bozhko L., Lesakova L.G., 2016).
Some authors propose to evaluate monotowns according to the following stages: the perceived need for the state, increasing production volumes, achieving maximum production volume, stabilizing production indicators to increase production volume, achieving maximum production in a given mode, stabilizing production indicators, decline, depression, coordination, revival (Bekhterev D.V., 2018). In our opinion, these criteria are not enough to assess the development of a monotown. We propose to expand the criteria for assessing the development potential of singleindustry monotowns.
In general, despite the fact that there are a sufficient number of methods for assessing monotowns, they do not provide for such indicators as the population, the number of selfemployed. Although the development of monotowns depends on these indicators. Thus, it can be argued that the above methods do not fully assess the development potential of a monotowns.

Research methods
In order to determine the main parameters required to be included in the assessment of the development potential of monotowns, it is necessary to apply the methods of system analysis. The use of the method of system analysis to solve this problem is necessary because it is necessary to make a choice under conditions of uncertainty. Indicators for assessing the specialization and economic profile of monotowns in Kazakhstan can be considered through a systematic analysis, which is necessary for economic assessment and determining the level of possible losses and smoothing out negative factors that depend on the conditions of the external and internal environment that affect the effective development of monotowns.

Results and discussion
Developed countries are increasingly faced with the problem of advancing monotowns. Almost all countries are faced with the problem of assessing monotowns. In particular, there was a crisis in the coal industry in Germany. A feature of the German program was the regulation of the coal industry. The crisis was resolved by creating the modernization and technological renewal of innovative industries, the use of alternative energy sources, stimulating the development of high-tech industries, the development of small and mediumsized businesses, the development of the education system, and the creation of a technology park. The German government placed its main bet on the development of human potential.
In the United States, in the northern industrial cities, deindustrialization and migration outflow of the population to the southern cities began. In 1950, this problem affected the monotown of Mitesburg. The problem was solved by attracting investments. In the United States, the problem of the crisis of monotowns was solved in the following way: the inclusion of a monotown in the larger Pullman-Chicago agglomeration. Attracting the headquarters of large national corporations. Development of service industries -tourism, healthcare, education, banking, development of innovations, ecology.
In the UK, the problem of development and assessment of monotowns is carried out according to the following indicators: engineering, textile industry. In the UK, a project was launched to identify the entrepreneurial inactivity of the population. Large projects were launched for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. As a result, the share of small companies approached 40.
After the Second World War in France, the program "Territorial Reorganization" was launched in order to eliminate neglected regions. The French authorities have succeeded in solving the problems of the development of monotowns by realizing the primary role of the state in solving this complex problem.
A national feature of Japan is the system of lifetime employment, according to which permanent employees are provided with work until retirement. Consequently, the problems of monotowns ns fall on the shoulders of city-forming enterprises. The main success of the revival of Japanese monotowns was the cooperation between the enterprise and local authorities, which made it possible to ensure an employment policy.
Australia has experience in restructuring monotowns specializing in mining. In the city of Tennat Creek, mines were closed due to the depletion of coal reserves. In parallel, the construction of a railway began to attract tourists and develop logistics, which led the city to successfully diversify the structure of the economy. The administration of the city of Woodkathers -mining lead-zinc ore. Since its stocks were depleted, the products were uncompetitive and the industry began to decline.
In Canada, intergovernmental transfers are used, which resembles a pension. In China, the problem of monotowns is being solved through the Industrial Revival program.
In the Netherlands, the problem of monotowns, in particular the Helman monotown, was solved by creating a technology center, activities of which were funded by the state and the European Union, a Volvo plant was built, innovations began to be introduced, and an industrial boom arose (Kulai S.V., 2019).
In Sweden, in order to solve the problems monotowns, a service economy is being developed (Larchenko O.V., 2019).
Let us consider the main characteristics of the development of monotowns. The data are shown in table 1.  Note -developed by the authors.
The formed system of indicators for assessing the development of the potential of monotowns will make it possible to objectively assess the level of their competitiveness, identify the advantages of the territory and weaknesses in development, and formulate recommendations aimed at improving the development of monotowns.
In addition, we offer directions for the development of Kazakh monotowns. (Table 3). Zhanatas To increase the extraction of bauxites and phosphorites. Allocate investment for the recovery of the phosphate industry. 10 Karatau Restore the enterprise for the production and sale of fur products 11 Aksai Increase production and sale of oil 12 Balkhash Build a fish processing factory. Reconstruction of the Balkhash copper smelter. 13 Zhezkaz gan Thus, the proposed measures, taking into account the adaptation of foreign experience, will allow to revive individual monotowns of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Since the proposed recommendations are aimed at modernizing the economy of monotowns.

Conclusion
For the development of monotowns, it is necessary to accurately determine their main performance indicators. The indicators for evaluating monotowns include: the sector of the economy, finance, labor resources, the social sphere, demography, mono-industry, selfemployment and population. There are many areas that can be improved in monotowns, such as the service sector, small and medium-sized businesses. Recommendations are given for the development of monotowns in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis and development of the proposed indicators will help monotowns get out of a protracted depression, give a new impetus to socio-economic development and allow them to achieve key indicators.