Scientific basis for the development of structural and technological devices made of modern domestic materials to ensure the functional reliability and safe operation of surface water intakes

. The article provides a classification list of a large number of heuristic techniques for solving various problems of designing a class of hydraulic structures, taking into account the conditions of functional operation of soft floating structures (MNCs) as water intake structures. The concept of rational use of surface water resources provides for an ecosystem approach that allows us to consider a water body together with the catchment area of the hydrographic river network, the surface layers of the atmosphere above it, measures taken to select the calculated water flow rate (Q m3/s), taking into account the consideration of environmental safety in the zones of influence of water intake - as a single system in as a whole. Providing EC in VTK puts forward a number of main tasks to improve existing structural and technological devices and create new ones using modern domestic materials, for example, high-strength synthetic fabric materials. When creating environmentally acceptable design solutions to provide EC in the zones of influence of VTK, one of the most promising areas at present is the methodological basis for the synthesis of soft-coated structures in the composition of VTK. The reliable functioning of both a separate structural element and the structure as a whole should be conditioned by the possibility of periodic updating of its constituent structural elements.


Introduction
In the last decades of the XX century and in the first decade of the XXI century, the current direction of using modern domestic materials with a base of high-strength synthetic fabrics determined the need to develop methodological foundations for solving design and inventive tasks (DIT). Scientific methods of searching for new solutions to the DIT [1][2][3][4][5][12][13][14][15][16][17] have been quite successfully developed in the last decades of the last century and are often used today. In the development of the theoretical foundations of the DIT for various devices and structures, the works of A.I. Polovinkin, G.S. Altshuler, F. Hansen et al are known. As applied to the water industry, the works of B.I. Sergeev, V.A. Volosukhin, A.V. Kroshnev and others are known. For the class of design solutions (DS) in relation to technical systems of WITC (water intake-technological complex), the DIT algorithm required certain studies in terms of filling it with the specifics of the functional work of WITC as part of a specialized type of natural and technical system "Natural water environment -water intake-technological complex -multi-purpose water supply system" (NTS "NWE-WITC-MWSS").
The development of environmentally acceptable DS to ensure ES (environmental safety) in the zones of influence of the WITC is carried out through an evolutionary (continuous) process of improving both individual structural elements and the structure as a whole. Constructive constancy can be observed only at a separate (specified) time stage, which is justified by the optimal service life, in particular in relation to a water intake structure.

Research methodology
In the works of B.I. Sergeev, V.A. Volosukhin, A.M. Kroshnev a classification list of a large number of heuristic techniques for solving various design problems of the hydraulic engineering class are provided. Taking into account the conditions of the functional operation of soft floatation structures (SFSs) as water intake structures as part of the WITC, we have formulated 15 scientific foundations for the development of structural and technological devices from modern domestic materials for ensuring the functional reliability and safe operation of surface water intakes. 1. Separation technique: -to divide the structural elements into parts; to divide the structure into parts so that the oncoming water flow changes its direction in depth; to ensure differentiation of the functions performed between individual structural elements. 2. Combining technique: -to combine different principles of environmental acceptability in one structure while providing various protective measures. 3. Principles of simplification: -replace complex functional relationships between structural elements and the NWE of a water body with simple ones; introduce optimal coordination in the process of interconnection, interaction, and interrelationship between structural elements, among themselves and the structure as a whole with the NWE of a water body. 4. Techniques of transferring solutions from another field: -to transfer solutions from other fields of technology; to transfer the principles of feedback in biological systems under the influence of external factors; to transfer the principles of functional energy consumption to individual structural elements from biological systems. 5. Techniques of shape transformation: -to evaluate the influence of the shape of vertical fabric panels on the functional parameters of a water intake structure. 6. Technique of symmetry breaking in structural elements and the structure as a whole: -to use the form to control the hydraulic structure of the water flow; to use the form for the formation of a screw translational motion of the water flow; to use the reserves of linear dimensions of fabric panels to change the shape when interacting with the water flow. 7. Technique of the use of new components, parts, materials, natural forms of energy, etc.:the use of fabric materials for a given period of performance of functional tasks; the use of water flow energy to protect the water intake window from the bottom sediments. 8. The "vice versa" technique with reorientation: -to make the moving parts in the structure stationary, and the stationary ones moving; to bring closer the removed structural elements and vice versa; to change the direction of movement of the water flow down -up -down; to change the rectilinear movement of the water flow to translational-rotational. 9. Technique of preventive compensation: -to provide for the possibility of the replacement in the mount assemblies between the sections of fabric panels during the operation of the structure. 10. Technique of quantitative change: -to change the traditional values of the parameters of the structure or technological process; to increase the number of unreliable structural elements in an optimal ratio with each other. 11. Techniques for changing working conditions: -to change the working conditions of the structure so that the stationary (sedentary) becomes more mobile when the effects on it change; to change the working conditions of the flexible screen to partially permeable. 12. Technique of environmental change: -to supplement the water environment with other factors (air bubbles, chemical elements, etc.). 13. Partial solution techniques: -to use a step-by-step solution of the problem on the path of the water flow instead of a complex energy-intensive design solution. 14. Techniques of dynamization and automation: -to use materials with different stiffness, including fabric materials; to use the functional principle of the swim bladder to control float systems in a soft floatation structure (SFS). 15. Techniques of the "Leap to the ideal": -after the decision of the DIT, determine the degree of optimality or expediency, based on the indicators of the lowest costs (resources, time) and environmental acceptability to ensure ES in the zones of influence of the WITC.
Using the results of the DIT obtained for SFSs used as water intake structures as part of the WITC, as well as the analysis of previously obtained design solutions using highstrength synthetic fabric materials (about 2,000), it can be shown that with the help of 15 techniques, the tasks of creating environmentally acceptable design solutions for the selection of calculated water consumptions (Q m 3 /s) in the MWSS of urban farms and economic facilities (TPP, SDPP, NPP, etc.) were solved. The basic design solution was the SFS of the water management technological complex (Fig. 1).
The SFS includes movable and fixed vertical screens in the depth of the water flow, which are held in a given position in depth and in plan by systems of surface and deepen floats, flexible ties, and anchor devices.  Using the results of the DIT obtained for the SFS of water intake structures as part of the specialized type of WITC -NTS "NWE-WITC-MWSS", as well as the analysis of about 2000 DITs related to the field of engineering mechanics [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and hydraulic engineering [11][12][13][14][15][16][17], it can be shown that with the help of 15 techniques, about 75% of all DITs related to SFS can be solved: 1. To change the shape of the structure, to break the symmetry, to move from rectilinear parts of structures to curved, from flat surfaces to spherical. 2. To attach parts and nodes from a set of topological types of parts to the object. 3. To increase (decrease) the number of simultaneously operating structural elements. 4. To divide the structure into parts so that each part is made of the most suitable material. 5. To change the nature of the functional connection between the structural elements, to increase (decrease) the degree of freedom of some elements in relation to others. 6. a) to turn the construction upside down or to put it on its side; b) to reverse the orientation of the elongated CE relative to each other; c) to bring the remote CE closer and vice versa; d) to reverse the rotation. 7. To divide the CE into parts so that the adaptive ability to perceive external influences increases. 8. Differentiation of functions performed between CE. 9. To combine different principles of adaptation to the environment in one construction so that different functional processes are carried out in parallel. 10. To transfer the principles of functional energy consumption of individual elements of biological systems. 11. To use reserves of linear dimensions of the CE to change the shape when exposed to dynamic loads (wave effects). 12. To change the flow direction up-down-up-down. 13. To use a step-by-step solution of the problem along the flow path instead of a complex, energy-intensive constructive solution. 14. Replacement of the type of working environment (liquid, gaseous, bulk, and their combination). 15. To use the "prototypes of nature" (blood vessels, cobwebs, leaf nerves, soap bubbles, water drops, and so on).
Techniques 1-6 are taken from the literature on the methodology and psychology of the solution of the DIT, 14,15 -from the literature on soft hydraulic structures [5,[13][14][15], and techniques 7-13 were formed in the analysis of the DIT SFS of water intake structures as part of the WITC specialized type -NTS "NWE-WITC-MWSS". In the creation and development of the fundamentals of methodology in the creation of EP design methods for improving water intake facilities as part of the WITC, an important component element is the ways of computer-aided design of SFSs. The traditional approach to the development of a water intake structure project for various purposes, in its methodological basis, proceeds from the consideration of several options (three or more), well-proven design solutions, determining the most appropriate binding to the place of construction. As a rule, there is a slight novelty in such solutions, which does not allow laying down both elements of progress and new directions, in particular, when solving environmental water problems.
In the development of a specialized method for solving design tasks for SFSs used as part of the WITC, taking into account the works [5,[10][11][12][13][16][17], it was found that the search for new design solutions includes the following stages: 1. The pre-preparatory stage C I, at which the causes of the design problem are identified, acceptable solutions are analyzed. After completing all the necessary steps of C I, the transition to the next stage is carried out. 2. The preparatory stage C II includes the formulation of goals and sub-goals for solving the water protection task, the definition of acceptable means of implementing acceptable ways to achieve them. 4. The initial data stage C III, which takes into account the specific features of the environmental problems being solved on water bodies, collects and analyzes morphometric, hydrological, hydrochemical, hydrobiological, and other necessary data on a specific water body. 4. The stage of the directed study of experience C IV. At this stage, the experience of solving water protection problems by various technological schemes is analyzed, using as the main criterion the assessment of their resource intensity (energy intensity).  [PI-1¹, PI-1², ..PI-1ⁿ] are information processing procedures; J, k,n -the sequence number of the stage, step, procedure respectively. At the same time: А k.sp.= Ф(Сj, Ejᵏ, PI-Kⁿ).
The autonomous nature of the stages provides the algorithm with sufficient flexibility in adjusting the path of the search design of the SFS in accordance with the technical conditions of the tasks being solved. In general, a description of each stage formed by a group of steps, including specialized information processing procedures, is given below.
The pre-preparatory stage CI has the following steps E I: -EI¹-the identification of the needs of the water management complex in the use of water protection technological schemes within the river basin, region, etc.; -EI²-the identification of possible ways to solve a particular water protection task; -EI³-the choice of an acceptable way to solve the tasks.
Preparatory stage CII includes steps E II: -E II¹-the formulation of goals and sub-goals in solving tasks; -E II²-the formulation of possible technological schemes for achieving the set goals; -E II³-the preliminary selection of acceptable technical solutions for technological schemes.
The initial data stage C III consists of steps E III: -E III¹-the formulation of working conditions of structures; -E III²-the collection of morphometric, hydrological, hydrochemical, hydrobiological, ichthyological, and other field data; -E III³-the collection of regulatory materials, recommendations for pre-selected technological schemes; -E III 4 -the reduction of the number of variants of technical solutions based on the limitations of the prescribed steps of the initial data stages.
The stage of directed radiation of the existing experience C IV is divided into steps E IV: -E IV 1 collection and study of existing experience in designing water protection technological schemes within the limits of restrictions C III; -E IV 2 collection of data on the experience of the construction and operation of SFSs in the field of water management; -E IV 3 analysis and investigation of the results of theoretical and experimental data; -E IV 4 collection of data of a general constructive orientation in the field of the use of new structural materials; -E IV 5 choosing of basic design solutions.
The stages of evolutionary forecasting C V is divided into steps E V : -E V 1 the systematization and classification grouping of technical solutions; -EV 2 building a tree of evolutionary development of the most promising variants of TS; -E V 3 determination of the degree of compliance between design (regulatory) requirements and TS options; -E V 4 choosing of the option with the least degree of inconsistencies; -E V 5 compilation of a data bank of internal restrictions; -E V 6 compilation of a data bank of external restrictions; -E V 7 identification of changeable and non-changeable parameters and characteristics in design schemes within systems of external and internal restrictions; -E V 8 research of goal achievements within the framework of the identified system of internal and external restrictions; -E V 9 investigation of limit values of parameters; -E V 10 generating ideas for overcoming restrictions; -E V 11 choosing of techniques of natural and technical heuristics, bionic and biotechnical methods (principles) of overcoming the system of restrictions; -E V 12 building a tree of neoevolutionary development TS.
The evaluation stages C VI provides for the following stepsEVI : -E VI 1 preliminary analysis of the tree of neoevolutionary development TS; -E VI 2 choosing of rational TS.; -E VI 3 choosing of basic TS; -EVI 4 studies of environmental acceptability to the environment with a feasibility study of basic TS options; -E VI 5 theoretical and experimental studies of variants of basic TS; -E VI 6 development of engineering calculation methods, recommendations for the design, construction, and operation of a new TS.
The stage of working design and production of works C VII includes the following steps E VII : -E VII 1 optimization of the design solution based on the specified conditions of technical specifications for design; -E VII 2 development of technical documentation for the production of MC and working drawings for construction; -E VII 3 expert evaluation of project documentation; -E VII 4 introduction of a new TS into water protection technological schemes.
As the experience in the development of new design solutions for WITC shows, there is often a need to perform only particular tasks related to a particular cycle (analysis, synthesis, evaluation) of the conditionally shared process of the search design of SFSs. From these positions, the passage of all stages and, accordingly, the order of their sequence becomes optional. In conditions of insufficient information support, it is recommended to use specialized information arrays grouped by levels in the cycles of analysis, synthesis of TS, and evaluation of the obtained results. The analytical cycle includes the following arrays: М с1 -list of the specialized requirements of TS in the field of MC; М с2 -the fund of patented TS; М с3 -list of projected and successfully running TS; М с4 -list of not functioning and broken-down structures and causes; М с5 -a specialized collection of technological and constructive operations; М с6 -a list of specialized methods for detection of defects; М с7 -a specialized collection of the bionic design principles with environmental acceptability functioning MC; М с8 -a list of methods for the study of the structure of the problem; М с9 -a list of procedures for identifying external and internal restrictions. The cycle of synthesizing new TS includes: М с10 -natural heuristics fund; М с11 -technical heuristics fund; М с12 -biotechnical design methods fund; М с13 -a list of ways to overcome restrictions' systems; М с14 -a list of recommendations for choosing and managing the design process. The evaluation cycle of the obtained results includes: М с15 -a list of methods for evaluating heuristic design; М с16 -a list of traditional design methods; М с17 -a list of features and operating conditions of the MC in these technical schemes; М с18 -a list of methods for optimizing design solutions.

Discussion
To carry out the process of identifying various kinds of restrictions imposed on the possibility of constructive transformation of the adopted prototype TS with the involvement of the existing bank of natural and technical heuristic techniques, it is envisaged to use a bank of internal and external restrictions, including packages of environmental, research, biological, social, informational, organizational and economic restrictions. The use of the data bank of internal and external restrictions makes it possible to conduct a directed evolutionary search for new TS by performing the functions of the steps of each stage with a gradual approach to the optimal constructive solution within the boundaries imposed by the packages of the ban bank, environmental requirements, initial data.
Based on the analysis of functional biological systems from the point of view of the interests of the engineering tasks being solved, a functional scheme of the developed SFS is compiled, which makes it possible to clarify the compliance of the selected technical means, environmental requirements, and the possibility of material realization using acceptable principles of action. The flowchart allows the sequential implementation of the algorithm stages in the manual technology mode, and the directed search for design options to be carried out (Fig. 3.). Block 1 -technical task includes stages: C I, C II, C III, where information is collected on the hydrological, hydrochemical, hydrobiological, ichthyological state of a water body, necessary for the development of design solutions for SFS, as well as the formation of functions that make up its subsystem with the allocation of secondary and main ones.
Block 2 -choosing of acceptable and tactical techniques and principles of action includes the C IV stage, where, based on a database of natural and technical heuristic techniques, environmental principles of action, the direction of the process of creating a new TS is determined. Fig. 3. A flowchart of the synthesis of DIT for the creation of an SFS of a water intake structure as part of "WITC" Block 3 -similar heuristic techniques and principles of action. On the basis of the available fund of scientific and biological information, a data bank of bionic effects observed in biological systems, the analysis of comparable heuristic techniques of design, and principles of operation of design schemes is carried out. At this stage, heuristic techniques aimed at implementing the functions of the main and then secondary subsystems and providing a jointly defined working function of the SFS are being chosen.
Block 4 -implemented principles of action includes stage C V. Using the results obtained at the previous steps 1-3, taking into account the available scientific, biological, technical, and other information, as well as the data bank of the means of implementing the principles of the design scheme and the technological scheme as a whole, the choice of the implemented principles of action is made.
Block 5-permissible design scheme of the SFS, where the implementation of stage C VI takes place, is a logical continuation of step 4 on the creation of a design scheme of the SFS in relation to a particular water protection technical scheme.
Block 6-studies of the accepted principle of action with the determination of quantitative characteristics of heuristic techniques, includes stage C VI, which provides for the study of synthesized SFSs with new principles of action. At this stage, the functional features of their behavior, the relationship with hydraulic phenomena characterizing them on a qualitative and quantitative level are established, with further presentation in a form focused on automated synthesis of new principles of action (block 7) and replenishment of the rest of scientific and technical information (auxiliary block 2-3).
The execution of the steps on blocks 2,3,4 is carried out by referring to the fund arrays of specialized heuristic techniques (2-1), bionic effects of the biological system (3-1) from the list of means of implementing the principles of action (4-1). The data of the array are compiled on the basis of scientific and technical (hydraulics, hydrology, hydrobiology, hydrochemistry, hydrodynamics, etc.), biological (botany, animal and plant physiology, bionics, anatomy, etc.), and water protection information sources.

Conclusions
Thus, the automated search and design of new SFS design schemes for WITC provides an opportunity to predict the following: -on the basis of the development of fundamental branches of knowledge (chemistry, biology, physics, etc.), the physical and mechanical properties of synthetic fabric materials will be improved, which will contribute to the evolutionary process of design development of SFSs; -the further development of progressive methods of synthesis of TS as an effective means of creating environmentally acceptable and more modern SFSs will allow solving complex tasks of ensuring ES on water bodies WITC as part of a specialized type of NTS "NWE-WITC-MWSS".