Studies of the periodicity of the service Volvo excavator service EW 145 b

. At present, the efficient and economical use of road construction machines in the construction, repair and maintenance of roads is a very urgent task. On this aspect of studying and researching the effective and economical use of newly arriving road equipment, incl . single-bucket excavators of foreign countries, when there is no regulatory documentation for their technical operation, is an urgent task. This study is aimed at studying the technical characteristics and frequency of maintenance of a VOLVO single-bucket excavator EW 145B _ By fuel consumption and machine output.


Introduction
This study is aimed at studying the technical characteristics and frequency of maintenance of a VOLVO single-bucket excavator EW 145B _ By fuel consumption and machine output.
It is known that one of the main requirements for road construction machines is fuel efficiency, i.e. saving energy resource. The study of fuel consumption and existing regulatory documentation for a shovel excavator of foreign countries and the CIS in the construction and operation of roads allows specific directions for this study and an assessment of the acceptability of existing fuel consumption standards.
It is known that the efficient use of machines depends on many organizational, technical, technological and operational factors that are closely related, especially the main main parameters characterizing their relationship in the technological process during the construction and repair of roads. Excavators are earth-moving machines that are designed to excavate soil and other road construction materials with their subsequent loading of vehicles or unloading into a dump.
The hourly operational productivity (production) of a single-bucket excavator is determined by the formula: where к q is the capacity of the excavator bucket, m 3 ; н k -bucket filling factor, 25 , t -duration of one cycle of the excavator, sec; р k -soil loosening coefficient, The duration of the working cycle of a single-bucket excavator, depending on the capacity of the bucket, can be taken from table 1.
The duration of one cycle of operation of a single-bucket excavator can also be determined by conducting an experimental-chronometric method of studying the working process when performing a specific type of work. The work of a single-bucket excavator when loading soil or other road construction materials of vehicles or unloading onto a dump.
The results of experimental timing for determining the duration of one cycle of operation of a single-bucket excavator can be entered in Table 3.2. It is known that according to the developed and recommended documentation for the operation of road equipment of the company, companies and the manufacturer, indicators are given for the frequency of service maintenance (in engine hours), as well as other meters, such as a month, a week and a day.
However , it is not always possible to control the frequency of service maintenance (SO) in motto-hours, since if the moto-meter malfunctions, it will be impossible to monitor the operating time of road equipment in their further operation, there is simply no indication of the operating time of the machines.
This study is devoted to determining the frequency of service maintenance in other meters.
Determining the frequency of SS in terms of fuel consumption and output (productivity) of machines, or rather, in terms of the physical volume of work performed.
These above recommended indicators of fuel consumption and production of machines are always systematically taken into account when analyzing the operation of machines, as well as when reporting these indicators as a whole, in the field of analysis of financial and economic indicators on the activities of any enterprises in the national economy, including road enterprises DAK " Uzavtoyul".
In the process of production operation, any equipment will use up fuel and lubricants . For example, most road technicians will use diesel fuel, and, accordingly, certain volumes of road work are performed on these fuel costs, this is naturally natural.
To solve the tasks, it is necessary to perform the following works, namely: -it is necessary to have a data bank on the production operation of machines; -it is necessary to have a data bank on the operation of machines in time; to analyze the operating time of machines; -determine and calculate fuel consumption; -determine and calculate the output of machines; -to analyze the interconnectedness of the considered indicators and factors, etc. Calculation of fuel consumption of machines is made taking into account the operating time and hourly fuel consumption of machines. The hourly consumption of machines is determined and established by different methods, and the calculation of fuel consumption in a certain operating time is carried out according to the formula: Measurement of fuel consumption is an important and necessary step in a number of operational tests of machines. In particular, such measurements are necessary when determining the "Indicators of the economical use of raw materials, materials, fuel, energy and labor resources" performed in accordance with the existing GOSTs of the SPKP.
The requirements for the accuracy of measuring fuel consumption are formulated in GOST 14846-93 and are fully supported by this method. Fuel consumption can be measured by volume or by weight.
A schematic diagram of measuring the fuel consumption of machines with diesel engines during operational tests is shown in Fig.1.  Fig. 1. Scheme for measuring fuel consumption during operational tests of vehicles with diesel internal combustion engines. 1 -fuel tank; 2,3 -supply and return pipelines; 4, 5 -three-position fuel valves; 6, 7 -flexible pipelines; 8.9 -easily removable fittings; 10 -measuring tank; 11fuel cock; 2needle valve; 13bracket; 14-quick-release clamp; 15 -limit switch; 16 -signal light; 17 -battery. 4 and 5 , respectively, are installed on the fuel tank 1 of the tested machine in the supply 2 and return 3 pipelines, respectively , which are connected to the measuring tank 10 by flexible, petrol-oil-resistant pipelines 6 and 7 through easily removable fittings 8 and 9 . The supply pipeline 6 of the measuring tank 10 , located in its lower part, is additionally equipped with a fuel valve 11 with a needle valve 12 connecting (disconnecting) the internal cavity of the valve 11 with the atmosphere. The measuring tank 10 is mounted on a temporary bracket 13 attached to the body of the tested machine and fixed on it with a quick-release clamp 14 . The three-position fuel valve 4 is equipped with a limit switch 15 , which in turn is electrically connected in series with the signal light 16 and the vehicle battery. The signal light 16 is stopped, respectively, in the operator's cab. The limit switch 15 is configured in such a way that the signal 16 is switched on in position II of the valve 4 , in which the fuel tank 1 of the tested machine is disconnected from the supply pipeline 2, and the fuel is supplied to the engine from the measuring tank 10 .
The results of experimental timing for determining the duration of one cycle ( ц t ) of the operation of a single-bucket excavator of the VOLVO brand EW 145 B are presented in table 3.
To determine the hourly fuel consumption of a single-bucket excavator of the VOLVO brand EW 145 B some of the above methods were used. The results of experimental timing for measuring and determining the hourly fuel consumption of a single-bucket excavator of the VOLVO brand EW 145 B under production conditions are presented in table 4.