Factors of self-efficacy, flexibility-ambidexterity, and subjective norms on employee performance: A case study at PT Gateway Container Line

. Currently, global uncertainty requires an effort to change to maintain the sustainability of the business. The demand for this change is also experienced by companies in the logistics field, one of them at PT Gateway Container Line. There were complaints from customers related to some shipments that suffered damage, then the decrease in the profit margin gained by PT Gateway Container Line, from 9.77% in 2021, to 9.69% by 2022, was an indication of the ongoing problems. To solve the problem, PT Gateway Container Line needs to make an effort to identify the factors that influence the performance of employees resulting in the company’s performance, i.e. self-efficiency factors, flexibility-ambidexterity, and subjective norms within the employee. Of the results of data using SmartPLS 4, obtained results such as self-effectiveness factors have a p-value of 0,000, whereas flexibilities-ambidexterity have p-values of 0.001 indicating that self-effectiveness and flexible-ambidexterity have a positive impact on company performance. As for the subjective norm, it gives a negative influence with a p-value of 0.385 This result provides guidance for PT Gateway Container Line for improvements in the side of self-efficiency and flexibility-ambidexterity of employees in order to improve employee performance.


Introduction
Global uncertainty requires efforts to change to maintain business sustainability [1].The demand for this change is also experienced by companies in the field of logistics [2], [3].PT Gateway Container Line is one of the companies that operates in the field of logistics.Over the past three years, employee performance has declined.This is due to a lot of complaints from consumers due to increased consumer demand.
From the Notice of Non-Compliance (Damaging) Report at PT Gateway Container Line, it was noted that there was an increase in non-compliance Reports, initially only 3 in 2021, now to 4 by mid-2022.This affects the profit margin of PT Gateway Container Line, back from 9.77% in 2021, to 9.69% by 2022.
The purpose of this study is to look at the factors that have effect to business sustainability [4].From the internal evaluation carried out, some errors are elementary, such as late giving information to customers because it is assumed that the goods sent are not too urgent, do not give a comprehensive explanation when there is a delay in the delivery of goods, and so on.The occurrence of errors committed by the individual employees is an indication of the need to improve the performance of employees in the PT Gateway Container Line.
There are still some individuals in PT Gateway Container Line who are not able to provide maximum services.This is due to the ability to adapt and perform work with current conditions, which is relatively slowly done compared to other superior individuals.
The same is true in the case of the implementation of a new project which does not always go according to plan, not even completed, such as the example of the creation of the latest financial system, which requires a long process in its creation.
To solve these problems, PT Gateway Container Line needs to make efforts that are not only able to address short-term problems (such as reducing damage, or employees slow performance) but also efforts that can be improved performance of the company in the future.This effort needs to look at and take into account the factors that have influenced the performance of employees [5].

Literature review
This self-efficacy is closely related to one's motivation and strong minds in achieving the desired level of success.This ability of a person with high selfefficiency will make that person perform well even in stressful situations [6], [7].A social experiment with a group of people proved that the person who has selfefficacy will be motivated to reach their goals [6], thus they can adapt and collaborate with other people in the organization or company [7].
Ambidexterity is the ability to exploit internally while exploring new opportunities.The exploitation meant here is the emphasis on the repair and improvement of existing company resources.As for exploration, emphasis is placed on the freedom to think radically that opens up great positive change for companies through innovation [8].Innovation requires new knowledge and skills, so it can have a positive impact on customers [5].In the area of a team in a company, ambidexterity means coordination and adaptability, which emphasizes team cooperation [9].Ambidexterity is the key to the success of an individual and an organization [10].In the other side, cognitive flexibility is the ability of individuals to adapt to different conditions (in this case work) without reducing their quality.Cognitive flexibility requires individuals to be aware of the need to use a different approach to a new job.Thus, an employee who has high flexibility will be able to face new jobs in a new field at a company [11].
The other factor that influences employee performance is subjective norms.This subjective norm is related to social pressure from society, which needs its standard and goal to be achieved as soon as possible [12].The less pressure there is from subjective norms, the more likely it is that an employee will perform better [12].This comes from the person's ability to control themselves with less pressure from subjective norms.
The hypothesis in this study is as follows: H1: Self-efficacy affects the performance of the company.
H2: Employee ambidexterity affects the performance of the company.
H3: Subjective norms affect the performance of the company.

Methodology
The research is conducted using quantitative association.This quantitative associative is implemented in the form of a questionnaire to the entire population, i.e. employees at PT Gateway Container Line.The data used is primary data using the sample census method.The total number of samples used in this study was 151.The data collection period is January 2023 and respondents fill in data using Google forms.Processing data using Structural Equation Model (SEM) using SmartPLS software.To complete this study using a quantitative research approach which tests the supposed hypothesis, with the data used in the analysis of the relationship between variables is expressed by the likert scale.The likert scale used is 1 -5, where 1 explains highly disagree, 2 explaining disagrees, 3 explaint neutral, 4 explaints agree, and 5 explaines very agree to the variable indicators of self-efficacy, flexibility, ambidexterity, and social norms.

Discussion and conclusion
This research has 151 respondents, as employee in Gateway Container Line with characteristic as below: Reliability measurement is a measure to determine the consistency of respondent's answer regarding the variables; self-efficacy (ED), flexibility-ambidexterity (FA), social norms (NS), and KP (employee performance) A variable is said to meet reliability if it has a composite reliability value > 0.7 and a Cronbanch value of alpha > 0.7, which means that it has good reliability rate for a variable.
The results show that each indicator ED, FA, KP, and NS all have Cronbach Alpha and Composite reliability values > 0.7 which indicates that all variables qualify for reliability because they have good data stability and consistency at different times.Validity measurement is a measure to determine how good the value of an instrument is used in measuring a study.The higher the value of the instrument, the better it is in representing research questions.To measure validity, it is necessary to test the relationship between variables: Discriminant Validity and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) with an AVE value expected > 0.5.The parameters ED, FA, KP, NS have values > 0.5 so the validity of the data is good.The criterion used to assess validity is the value of the loading factor must be more than 0.70.
A discriminant validity-cross loading value for all indicators above > 0.7 means eligible  The first hypothesis indicates that the results of data processing are known that the path coefficient value is 0.802(positive), the t-statistic value is 16.339 (>1.96), and the p values are eligible is 0,000 (<0.05).H1 is accepted.
The second hypothesis is accepted.The second hypothesis suggests that the results of data processing are known that the path coefficient value is 0.265 (positive), the t-statistic value is 3.333 (>1.96), and the p values are eligible is 0,0001 (<0.05).H2 is accepted.
The third hypothesis was rejected because: The third hypothesis suggests that the results of data processing are known that the path coefficient value is -0,071 (negative), the t-statistic value is 0,868 (<1.96), and the p values are not eligible is 0,385 (>0,05).H3 was rejected.R-square correlation values indicate strong correlations between the ED and FA variables against KP, 0.961, as the R-quare values are close to 1.
The results of this study show that, Employee self-efficacy affects employee performance.
Self-efficacy is related to the confidence and attitude of a person to succeed in doing a task [7,13].This self-efficacy is closely related to a person's motivation and strong minds in achieving the desired level of success.Thus, this high self-efficacy will make the employee's performance even better so that it positively affects the targeted results.

Employee flexibility affects employee performance
There are several points that are key to cognitive flexibility, namely the speed of adaptation, the ability of the individual, up to the achievement of the results of the work done [9].This means that employees will be able to meet their goals [14].When employees are able to meet personal goals, then the performance of the organization (including the company) will increase.
Subjective norms that apply in the employee environment do not affect the performance of the employee.
The results of this study did not show the influence of subjective norms in the employee's environment on individual/employee performance within a company.This is interesting result, because in other research finds that the effect of subjective norms affects the performance of employees within the company [15].
These differences arise when we look more in detail at the individual's internal conditions in decision-making, as well as the external conditions and subjective hierarchies of the individual, or employees within a company.So the influence of the outside conditions of the company is also a matter of consideration that can reduce the impact of subjective norms on the company's performance.[16] These factors can be a factor that determines whether the business will run over a long period of time or if it will have a downturn.Self-effectiveness reflects processes within a person that originate from the inner self.So the effect obtained from the rate of self-efficiency will affect the achievement of a person, in this case an employee.[17] Flexibility-Ambidexterity emphasizes the ability and competence of each individual so that a reasonable target for employee performance will be achieved.[18] The higher this competence is possessed by a person then the effect on its performance will increase and impact on the sustainability of the business.
The subjective norm emphasizes the external influence in this case the influence of the environment that ends up on the conducive atmosphere within the environment.Thus, a favorable working environment will encourage employees to maximum performance.[19] This will encourage the creation of good and developing business conditions.
For the management line of PT Gateway Container Line, the author suggest that it is necessary to immediately develop a strategy or work program with a focus on improving self-efficiency and flexibilityambidexterity of employees in order to improve the performance of the company.
The authors also point out that deeper research is needed for other factors about employees that can support improved employee performance.Other factors such as work experience, and access to technology.
Future research, it will be necessary to do more indepth research to know more deeply about the factors that influence the great influence of subjective norms on the performance of the company.

Table 2 .
Reliability test results.