The Effectiveness of Digital Platform in Preserving Traditional Dances of Indonesia: Implementation of Design Thinking Process in TARI (Traditional Art of Indonesia)

. Mass media sets are promoting the introduction of digital platforms to compete against the competition among media that will enter Society 5.0. This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of digital platform in preserving the traditional dances of Indonesia concerning the implementation of the design thinking process in the TARI (Traditional Art of Indonesia) platform, reveal the use of the TARI platform towards the dance teacher and student and the younger generation to preserve Indonesian culture. A mixed methods research design was used to collect, analyze, and mix both quantitative and qualitative research and methods to answer the research problems of the effectiveness of the TARI platform used by the dance teacher and student, and non-dance backgrounds, the information given by the TARI platform to the dance teacher and student about the history, choreography, makeup, and fashion of traditional, and the younger generation's interest towards the TARI platform to preserve Indonesian culture. Furthermore, the design of this research used the design thinking process that offers a solution-based approach to solving the problems of this research. The sample was 31 respondents consisting of respondents with non-dance backgrounds, dance students, and also dance teachers who work in dance institutions and independent studios. The findings show that the TARI platform helps dance teachers in getting information about the traditional dance learning process comprehensively. Lastly, the TARI platform offers multiple advantages to dance teachers, dance students, and non-dance backgrounds since it is convenient and worthwhile to improve.


Introduction
Technological advances in the rapidly growing digital field are transforming human life from ordinary to effective and efficient.Advances in digital technology are making the world borderless, with no recognition of time and place.All human needs can be served by this technology, including education (Danuri, 2019).In the aspect of education, digital technology helps not only the teachers but also the students.Teachers can offer varied and enjoyable teaching methods, while students can increase their knowledge as learning materials are presented in a contextual, audio, and visual manner to make them interesting and interactive (Naufal, 2021).
The concept of Education 4.0 is very much different from education in the 21st century.In this era, the industry has begun to approach the virtual world, in the form of human, machine, and data connectivity, everything is everywhere.This term is known as the Internet of Things (IoT).However, the current shift in 21 st Century education is not just a concept of how to teach, but much more essential, namely a change in perspective on the concept of education itself (Surani, 2019).
The many benefits of using digital technology make it easier for students or the public to access the material they want, just by searching on computers, mobile phones, or other electronic devices.The materials on the digital platforms offer also vary in terms of videos, applications, platforms, and others with different material choices.One unique platform specifically discusses traditional Indonesian dances in detail, starting from the history of the dance, make-up, clothing, and regional origin.This platform is called Tari, for example, the platform discusses traditional dances from Bali, namely the Pendet Dance.This dance was created in 1950 by the Balinese dance maestro, I Wayan Rindi.
Furthermore, Indonesia is a country rich in ethnic and cultural diversity, ranging from language, clothing, and customs to traditional dances.Culture is a legacy from the ancestors of the Indonesian nation which must be maintained and preserved at all times.To obtain this inheritance, of course, there will always be challenges and obstacles that must be faced.In this era of rapid development, the exchange of information between one country and another occurs very quickly.Therefore, there is a lot of cultural mixing and human behavior from one country to another.This phenomenon causes many young Indonesians to love foreign cultures more than their own.The factor that causes Indonesian youth to prefer modern dance over traditional dance is its influence on the information that enters Indonesia in this globalization era.In the end, traditional dances are considered something outdated.The ease of obtaining information changes the mindset of the younger generation to become more modern (Nurhasanah et al., 2021).However, dance as a language, as a system of symbols, other cultural meanings can also be used as mechanisms for the younger generation to acquire social and cultural skills (Yovanka, 2006).
As the younger generation, the next generation of this nation's cultural heritage is something that we must maintain in its preservation and development so that it will not be lost to the masses.However, in practice, many young people, especially in Indonesia, are reluctant and indifferent to learning one of Indonesia's cultural heritage, namely dance.The reasons for teenagers not being interested in learning traditional dance are because material and information about traditional dance are not socialized properly and are not introduced directly to Indonesian culture and art.The "TARI" (Indonesian Traditional Art) platform answers all problems related to the problems above.The "TARI" stage is a place for learning and preserving traditional dance for the younger generation to increase the interest of the younger generation in traditional dance.This platform provides a variety of convenient features that can be accessed by anyone looking for historical information, choreography, make-up, and traditional dance attire.Not only that, but the flagship program of this platform is also to provide the experience of exploring Indonesian culture while (while or during) learning traditional dance.This program aims to introduce directly to the younger generation Indonesian traditional dances and culture that must be preserved.Thus the decline in the interest of young Indonesians to learn traditional dance can be anticipated.
Steps that must be taken in increasing the interest of Indonesia's young generation in traditional dances are to educate, preserve and show traditional dances to Indonesia's younger generations.To implement it, of course, teachers are needed to participate in guiding their students so that they are always willing and active to participate in the delivery of Indonesian traditional dances.This "TARI" platform has a very good potential to be realized.The declining interest of Indonesian youth in traditional dances can be improved with the education and programs provided by this platform, one of which is the traditional dance class program and cultural exploration.Providing easy access to information about traditional dances and additional experiences when they try to learn tar, increases the opportunities for Indonesian culture to continue to develop.
For students to understand and retain the impression of learning better, the use of technology and information for learning has also fostered a change from traditional learning to independent learning (Tompkins et al., 2006).According to Kaufmann (2011), Studer-Lüthi & Züger (2012), dance is regarded as an activity that engages several senses, links movement to music with self-expression, and applies various facets of personality.In addition, the TARI platform is currently only in the low-fidelity prototype stage of development.It needs to be expanded upon and transformed into a platform that is unquestionably more user-friendly and beneficial in aiding dance teachers, dance students, and the general public in obtaining comprehensive information about Indonesian traditional dances.The development of this platform is supported by thoughtful comments from respondents, and these responses contribute to the "insight" developing platform that researchers require to create a workable and efficient platform.
This research aims to determine the effectiveness and accessibility of this platform, in addition to providing information about the history, choreography, makeup, and fashion of traditional dance as a whole and also attracting the interest of the younger generation to preserve Indonesian culture, namely traditional dance through this platform.This research is divided into three research questions: (1) What are the effectiveness and accessibility of the TARI platform used by the dance teacher and student?(2) How is the TARI platform providing information about the history, choreography, makeup, and fashion of traditional dance teachers and students?(3) How is the TARI platform attracting the interest of the younger generation to preserve Indonesian culture?

Research Participants
In this research, questionnaires have been distributed to 31 respondents consisting of respondents with nondance backgrounds, dance teachers, and students who work in dance institutions and independent studios in early May 2023.As many as 77.4% of respondents are young people with an age range of 17-23 years, while the rest are individuals with an adult age range over 35 years.This is closely related to aspects of internet use in daily life, frequency of daily internet use, and openness to the possibility of adaptation to new digital platforms shown by the same figure where as many as 77.4% of respondents answered that they use the internet and digital platforms very often in their daily lives.
Related to respondents' experience and interest in traditional dance on the internet, 74.2% of respondents answered that they had searched for articles, tutorials, descriptions, and journals about traditional dance on the Internet.In terms of completeness of information and materials about traditional dance that they can access via the internet, 51.6% of respondents answered neutrally, 22.6% answered quite completely, 19.4% answered incompletely and 6.5% answered very complete.The platform that respondents generally use to find information about traditional dance is through internet searches, as many as 86.7% of respondents answered they did data searches via the internet, while 13.4% of other respondents answered they did data searches through dance sites and others.Youtube and Google are the main platforms used by respondents in searching for platforms providing material, articles, history, and other information related to traditional Indonesian dances.
Regarding the development of digital platforms as a means of preserving traditional Indonesian dances and sites that facilitate public access to find complete information about traditional dances, most respondents gave good responses where 61.3% of respondents expressed strong agreement with the development of digital platforms as a means of preserving traditional Indonesian dances, while the remaining 38.8% were divided in their opinions where half of them agreed and half answered neutrally.

Research Instruments
To respond to the research questions, the questionnaire was conducted in May 2023 to find out the effectiveness and accessibility of the TARI platform used by the dance teacher and students, and also the non-dance backgrounds.The questions were given to the nondance backgrounds, dance teachers, and students who work in dance institutions and independent studios.However, the result of the data collected through the questionnaire was counted by using the calculation of the average value to determine whether the TARI platform is effective or not for the dance teachers, students, and non-dance backgrounds.
The second data collection technique was an interview.The structured interview was done between the researchers and the dance teacher and students, and also the non-dance backgrounds to get the information given by the TARI platform to the dance teacher and student about the history, choreography, makeup, and fashion of traditional, and the younger generation's interest towards the TARI platform to preserve Indonesian culture.

Research Procedure
This study employs a mixed-methods research design that was used to collect, analyze, and mix both quantitative and qualitative research and methods to answer the research problems of the effectiveness and accessibility of the TARI platform used by the dance teacher and student, and non-dance backgrounds, the information was given by the TARI platform to the dance teacher and student about the history, choreography, makeup, and fashion of traditional, and the younger generation's interest towards the TARI platform to preserve Indonesian culture.Moreover, the qualitative method highlights various points of view of analysis and concerns inductive and deductive processes, and the results of the analysis are in the form of words (Creswell, 2014).In this context, the qualitative descriptive method is employed to see the process of implementation of the design thinking process in TARI (Traditional Art of Indonesia) and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the platform.The quantitative method in this research is employed to see the significance of the TARI platform using descriptive statistics.
3 Results and Discussion, and Design

Results and Discussion
In this research, questionnaires have been distributed to 31 respondents consisting of respondents with nondance backgrounds, dance students, and also dance teachers who work in dance institutions and independent studios in early May 2023.As many as 77.4% of respondents are young people with an age range of 17-23 years, while the rest are individuals with an adult age range over 35 years.This is closely related to aspects of internet use in daily life, frequency of daily internet use, and openness to the possibility of adaptation to new digital platforms shown by the same figure where as many as 77.4% of respondents answered that they use the internet and digital platforms very often in their daily lives.Related to respondents' experience and interest in traditional dance on the internet, 74.2% of respondents answered that they had searched for articles, tutorials, descriptions, and journals about traditional dance on the Internet.In terms of completeness of information and materials about traditional dance that they can access via the internet, 51.6% of respondents answered neutrally, 22.6% answered quite completely, 19.4% answered incompletely and 6.5% answered very complete.The platform that respondents generally use to find information about traditional dance is through internet searches, as many as 86.7% of respondents answered they did data searches via the internet, while 13.4% of other respondents answered they did data searches through dance sites and others.Youtube and Google are the main platforms used by respondents in searching for platforms providing material, articles, history, and other information related to traditional Indonesian dances.
Regarding the development of digital platforms as a means of preserving traditional Indonesian dances and sites that facilitate public access to find complete information about traditional dances, most respondents gave good responses where 61.3% of respondents expressed strong agreement with the development of digital platforms as a means of preserving traditional Indonesian dances, while the remaining 38.8% were divided in their opinions where half of them agreed and half answered neutrally.

Design Thinking Process
Design thinking is a methodology that offers a solutionbased approach to solving problems.This methodology is used to solve vague and complex problems regarding what is needed and desired by humans.This methodology can be used to solve problems in companies, countries, and around the world.Design thinking is a non-linear and iterative process.The design thinking process focuses on five stages proposed by the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford (the d.school) (Glinski, 2012).The five stages of design thinking include: Empathize: research your users` needs.Define: state your users' needs and problems.Ideate: create ideas.Prototype: start to create solutions.Test: try your solutions out.
In developing a digital platform for the preservation of traditional Indonesian dances through the TARI platform, the following is the design thinking process that has been carried out.

Empathize:
Based on the results of our survey of 31 participants consisting of 93.5% are women and 6.5% are men.Participants stated that 77.4% of them use the internet very often or access digital media.And 77.4% of our participants had studied traditional dances.Not only that, 74.2% of our participants had searched for articles, descriptions, or journals about traditional dances.The results of the survey that we conducted to dance teachers 3.2%, dance students 9.7% and non-dancers 87.1% got several answers about their responses to traditional Indonesian dances, such as:

Define:
These traditional dances need to be preserved and should be widely introduced to the public interestingly and easily for them to learn.Not only the material of traditional dances must be developed but traditional dance performances and dance studios or traditional dance studios must also be developed because this is Indonesia's cultural heritage that must be preserved.

Ideate:
Based on the results of data and analysis at the empathize and define stage, we have the idea to create a platform called TARI, or Traditional Art of Indonesia.The creation of this platform aims to preserve traditional Indonesian dances.Not only that, but the creation of this platform is also to empower dance studios (dance studios) and also dancers or dance artists to be able to show their work.
The idea-collection process we use is based on the brainstorming method from the results of the analysis and the data we find.
Platform TARI (Traditional Art of Indonesia) is a platform that provides complete and user-friendly information about traditional Indonesian dances containing general information, descriptions, choreography, clothing, makeup, tutorials, dance studios/dance studios, performances, and dance teachers to borrowing clothes and dance equipment on one platform.

Prototype:
Based on the results of the brainstorming that we did, the results of simple products or minimum viable products (MPV) were obtained as follows:

Test:
Based on the results of our interviews with traditional dance teachers, students, and some non-dancers, feedback from this prototype is: The results of data collection through questionnaires given to 31 respondents including dance teachers, dance students, and the general public showed that respondents' interest in traditional Indonesian dance was quite high.In addition, most respondents expressed difficulties related to understanding traditional dance materials on the internet and digital platforms available today.This is due to the limitations of comprehensive and easily accessible material for users on the internet and the dissemination of information about traditional Indonesian dances (the absence of a digital platform that provides complete and comprehensive information in one place).Most respondents stated that they often use digital platforms in their daily lives.This is in line with the responses of respondents who are enthusiastic and strongly agree with the development of digital platforms (TARI) in supporting the learning material of the traditional dance of Indonesia.
Thus, this platform is effective to be implemented in preserving the traditional dance of Indonesia and encouraging the community, especially the younger generation, to increase their interest and concern for sustainability and knowledge related to Indonesian traditional dance.

Conclusion
In the current era of globalization society 5.0, the internet and various digital platforms have become an inseparable part of people's daily lives.The internet and digital platforms are transforming into tools used for various purposes, including as learning media in the field of education.Digital platforms have many uses as learning media, this is based on the ability of digital platforms to provide a lot of information, present information that suits user needs through available algorithms, and various kinds of information that can be contained in it (text, audio, video, and so on).
The TARI (Indonesian Traditional Art) platform is a digital platform designed to be a solution to problems related to the availability and accessibility of information about traditional Indonesian dances and make it easier for Indonesian people ranging from dance teachers and students to the general public, especially the young generation of Indonesia to get comprehensive and comprehensive information about the richness of Indonesian culture, especially traditional Indonesian dances.TARI is designed to provide all forms of information about traditional Indonesian dances ranging from history, regional origin, choreography, information on dance performances shortly, makeup, fashion, and so on.
The results of data collection through questionnaires given to 31 respondents including dance teachers, dance students, and the general public showed that respondents' interest in traditional Indonesian dance was quite high.In addition, most respondents expressed difficulties related to understanding traditional dance materials on the internet and digital platforms available today.This is due to the limitations of comprehensive and easily accessible material for users on the internet and the dissemination of information about traditional Indonesian dances (the absence of a digital platform that provides complete and comprehensive information in one place).Most respondents stated that they often use digital platforms in their daily lives.This is in line with the responses of respondents who are enthusiastic and strongly with the development of digital platforms (TARI) in supporting the preservation of traditional Indonesian dances and encouraging the community, especially the younger generation, to increase their interest and concern for sustainability and knowledge related to Indonesian traditional dance.

Table 1 .
Questionnaire Calculation Results

Table 2 .
Dance Teacher and Student, and Non-Dance Backgrounds' Responses Towards the Traditional Dance

Table 3 .
Prototype of TARI Platform *in the TARI prototype, slides 3-9 are still on the same page.

Table 4 .
The Interview Results of the TARI Platform