Comparison of Technology Transformation in Digital Leadership Indonesia and Malaysia in Era Society 5.0

. Society 5.0 is a concept that envisions integrating technology and society to address complex social challenges and enhance the quality of life. The essay examines the government's support and vision for Society 5.0 in Malaysia and Indonesia regarding infrastructure development, the promotion of entrepreneurship and innovation, and the emphasis on education and skills development. It highlights Indonesia's initiatives to embrace Society 5.0 by increasing human resources and public services competence while exploring Malaysia's efforts to leverage technology for economic advancement. The analysis considers the challenges and opportunities in realizing the goals of Society 5.0 and emphasizes the importance of collaboration between government, industry, and citizens. Through a comparative lens, this essay aims to provide insights into the strategies employed by Indonesia and Malaysia in navigating the era of Society 5.0 and harnessing the potential of technology for the betterment of society. The result of this research found that reveals that both countries have undertaken significant efforts to implement digital technology transformation toward Society 5.0. While both countries strive to improve the quality of services and enhance the welfare and quality of life, Malaysia has achieved a higher level of optimization in its digital technology development than Indonesia.


Introduction
The digital era has begun to enter the global world through the development of technology which is advancing rapidly bringing digital transformation, not least for countries in Southeast Asia such as Malaysia and Indonesia.This digital era transformation has indeed provided many benefits for developing a country in various sectors, ranging from the economy, health, society, to government services.The presence of this digital era makes people 's performances integrated with each other with various conveniences offered by technological advances.The development of this technology then spurred the presence of digital transformation.Especially because the development of digital technology has also entered a new era, namely Society 5.0 where technology has begun to transform to coexist with humans in order to improve welfare as well as the quality of human life in a sustainable manner.Moreover, Society 5.0 does not only focus on technology alone, but also tries to balance human existence through solving various problems using the uses of the virtual world and the real world.
Countries in the world, including Indonesia and Malaysia also participated in preparing themselves to welcome technological developments as well as digital transformation towards the Society 5.0 era.The technological development of the Society 5.0 era which carries the goal of eliminating social in-equality provides digital transformation to help meet various human needs.Indonesia itself is also trying to welcome and catch up with the industrial revolution 4.0 by developing digital infrastructure, to form various new policies and regulations that are able to push the telecommunications industry towards digital era transformation.In this case, the Indonesian government is even trying to realize integrated technology-based public services, as stated in the 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN).In this case, technological developments are trying to be collaborated with the implementation of public services to increase satisfaction as well as community welfare.While Malaysia in its transformation tries to focus on the development of meeting the needs of society that focuses on humans.This is done by Malaysia by trying to introduce new technological developments that are all advanced to its people which are considered as important tools in the development of Malaysia's new digital era transformation towards Society 5.0.Malaysia is trying to focus on the development of a digital economy that is able to optimally contribute to the lives of its people, while eliminating stereotypes of age, ethnicity, and class.The two countries above are equally trying to catch up and adjust developments in technological transformation.
As one family of countries, the development of the transformation between Indonesia and Malaysia is an interesting study to be studied further.What's more, both have different policy directions as well as actions in carrying out transformations in order to welcome the presence of Society 5.0.Indonesia is still focusing on the development of digital technology infrastructure progress through various policies, while Malaysia is focusing on the development of digital infrastructure in the economy.The two developing countries in Southeast Asia are also catching up with each other in the digital field.Especially with Society 5.0 which came quickly, beyond the expectation that a new revolution after the industrial revolution 4.0 would come within twenty years, it actually came in a period of approximately ten years.This of course makes most countries try hard to catch up with the industrial revolution 4.0 and adapt to the transformation of Society 5.0.However, of course the transformation towards digitalization in the Society 5.0 era is not an easy thing, especially for developing countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia.Their various actions and policies in facing the country towards digital transformation are also an interesting concern as well as an interesting study to discuss.Therefore, in this research study, the author will discuss the comparison of digitalization technology transformation between Indonesia and Malaysia based on digital leadership.
The digital era which contains the development of information technology itself is a form of a combination of computer technology with telecommunications technology.Digital technology itself is very different from physical technology which tends to have a place and time background that cannot change, while digital technology is a technology that can move, done anywhere, anytime, and by any-one.Digital media has a role in conveying information related to human life [1].The digital era is basically more focused on the development of information systems.The digital era brings convenience through the development of technology in the distribution of information that can be accessed quickly, and is not limited.The internet that is currently used by the community is a form of the presence of the digital era in human life to facilitate the exchange of information, to human activities in meeting their needs [2].
While Society 5.0 is a concept about the use of technology side by side with human life to improve welfare in a sustainable manner.The concept of Society 5.0 was born from the core concept of the 5 th Science and Technology Basic Plan to fulfill seventeen aspects of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) regarding communication or media technology [6].Society 5.0 is here to solve every human problem by uniting the virtual world and the real world to create quality data and facilitate human activities.Society 5.0. is a concept that implements technology in the industrial revolution 4.0 by combining aspects of the humanities and continuously solving various problems in people's lives [3].In contrast to the industrial revolution 4.0 which focuses on technological developments in accessing various information, Society 5.0 tends to focus on the existence of technology as well as its use which is side by side and is part of human life [4].

Method
This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach that seeks to explain as well as provide an under-standing of a phenomenon based on existing data in the form of words, written literature, as well as actions or behaviors carried out by the object of research.The descriptive-qualitative approach is here to describe and describe various existing phenomena, both natural and human-engineered by trying to obtain data based on facts that place more emphasis on elaborating descriptions or meanings.The concept of description basically tries to explain the facts about the object being studied based on the data obtained.While the qualitative approach is a type of approach used in studying a phenomenon whose results are not obtained through statistical procedures in the form of numbers, but in the form of writing [4].Qualitative research is usually used to examine as well as further analyze phenomena that cannot be quantified through numbers by using a descriptive attitude in the form of writing.The author uses a descriptive-qualitative approach to explain how readiness, as well as technological transformation between Indonesia and Malaysia in their technological development through digitalization in the Society 5.0 era, is based on the principle of digital leadership.It is important to acknowledge the limitations of this research.While the essay provides a broad overview, it does not delve deeply into the specific outcomes or measurable impacts of the policies discussed.Firstly, the study primarily relies on publicly available information and may not capture the latest developments or policy changes in Malaysia and Indonesia's technology transformation efforts.Additionally, the research provides a general overview and does not delve deeply into specific case studies or quantitative analysis.Due to the limited scope and brevity of the paper, a comprehensive exploration of all factors influencing technological transformation in both countries is not possible.

Indonesia's Technological Transformation in the era of Digital Society 5.0
Indonesia itself welcomes the presence of the digital era Society 5.0 through renewal as well as developments in various aspects, ranging from aspects of education, economy, public services, e-government and many more.Indonesia focuses on preparing digital technology infrastructure that supports technological development in Indonesia.This infrastructure is trying to be achieved by Indonesia by leveling the development of increasingly advanced technology in various regions of Indonesia, especially remote areas that are still untouched by technology, especially digital information system technology [5].In addition to ensuring the development of infrastructure, the Indonesian government is also trying to carry out technological transformation into the digital era through the formation of the character of students and workers so that they have qualified competencies in the field of technology, starting from competence for technological commercialization, competence in globalization, and many more.These competencies are expected to be able to improve the quality of Indonesian Human Resources within the framework of Society 5.0.At the same time, people are required to be adaptive, innovative, and creative in adapting to the digital era, trying to take advantage of techno-logical developments as well as possible as an opportunity [6].In welcoming the digital era of society 5.0, the Indonesian government has also formed several policies to face competition in the economic sector, starting from setting service standards, to evaluating public services through an optimal digital public service process or an Electronic-Based government system, according to Presidential Regulation No. 95 of 2018.In the economic sector, Indonesia is also trying to optimize the digital content industry in a sustainable manner in Society 5.0, which is the result of human creativity [7].
Until now, the Indonesian government has even arranged regarding the direction of digital transformation in Indonesia in 2024 which focuses on digital economy growth at 3.17% to 4.66%.Indonesia's digital transformation plan is even contained in the 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN).The digital trend is also one of the focuses of the plan that is being achieved to encourage digital transformation nationally.However, of course, the technological transformation carried out by Indonesia should not be underestimated.Not a few challenges and obstacles await in the development of Indonesia's digital technology transformation.These challenges and obstacles tend to slow down the development of digital transformation in Indonesia, one of the most important obstacles in digital transformation is in the security sector, especially regarding cyber-crimes directed at technology.Then the problem is regarding Human Resources who are not yet qualified, in the sense that there are still few workers who have digital skills.So sometimes the government has to spend more funds to establish partner collaborations with other parties, as well as to bring technicians in the digital field who are more skilled.Even so, obstacles in the development of technological transformation in Indonesia cannot stop the transformation that continues to take place.Until now, the Indonesian government has paid attention to technological developments by training various digital technologies to create quality Human Resources as well as increasing the budget to optimize transformation in order to meet technology needs.

Malaysia's Technological Transformation in the era of Digital Society 5.0
As a country known for its concern for educational and research institutions, Malaysia has also participated in carrying out technological transformation in the digital era of Society 5.0 through a united alliance.The country, which is known through the presence of Menara Petronas, pays great attention to the development of information technology and infrastructure related to technology.Therefore, almost the same as Indonesia, Malaysia's vision is to build digital infrastructure to achieve the interests of the community, government, and private parties.Through the Unity Alliance, the Malaysian Government strives to provide services to the community in a digital direction, especially in the economic sector.The transformation of digital technology in Malaysia is also trying to put the community side by side with technology and all the conveniences it gets.One form of digital infrastructure development carried out by Malaysia is through financial technology.In this case, Malaysia tends to focus on solving digital market problems, financial technology companies, to digital public services that are able to meet the various needs of all members of society [8].Malaysia itself has indeed made developments from the implementation of digital society long ago, this is shown by several digital aspects that have been present in Malaysia for a long time starting from digital access, digital commerce, digital communication, digital literacy, digital etiquette, digital law, digital rights and responsibilities, digital health and wellness, digital selfprotection, and many more [9].Malaysia also innovates in the development of various digital industries, one of which is through e-commerce which is an important aspect of the digital economy.Through Society 5.0, Malaysia tends to focus on the fact that the information currently available has no boundaries so that the implementation of digital trading and financial marketing is increasingly being improved in order to get optimal results [10].Currently, Malaysia is also trying to increase technological transformation in the hope of increasing the resilience of the country's economy in the future.Adjusting to the Covid-19 pandemic which makes most people dependent on technology, Malaysia decided to take this opportunity to adjust to the rapid development of technology along with the global pandemic.Similar to Indonesia, which plans the development of long-term technological transformation until 2024, Malaysia even plans a longterm technological transformation until 2030 to catch up and increase the annual economic value as before, which tends to decline during the pandemic.One form of implementation of digital technology in Malaysia can be seen from the emergence of 'MyDIGITAL' which is designed to assist the country's development in the form of the 12th Malaysia Plan and the Joint Prosperity Insight (WKB 2030).

Digital
Leadership: Comparison of Indonesian and Malaysian Technological Transformation in the Era of Digital Society 5.0 Basically, Indonesia and Malaysia have made optimal efforts in implementing digital technology transformation towards Society 5.0.Both in their implementation represent the vision of 'digital leadership in the implementation of the digital transformation process that is currently being implemented.Digital leadership itself is a leadership that is owned to be able to strategically use existing technological developments according to their benefits in order to achieve national goals and interests.Some of the characteristics needed in digital leadership consist of: (1) characteristics-digital business, (2) characteristic social attitudes, and (3) characteristicsgeneral mindset [11].Indonesia itself through technological transformation has implemented digital leadership, along with the program to-wards Indonesia 2045.
In digital leadership-based technology transformation, Indonesia focuses on improving the quality of Human Resources through learning, literacy, and various digital innovations.The development of the digital economy carried out by Indonesia is always accompanied by the optimal implementation of digital leadership.Digital innovation programs are increasingly being found in Indonesia, with the aim of making people more aware of how to use digital technology [12].The same thing happened in Malaysia, the presence of digital leadership is considered to make a major contribution to the development of digital technology in Malaysia, especially in e-communication competence and e-trust competence.The presence of digital leadership contributes to the effectiveness given because the implementation of communication becomes more organized, integrated, and clear [13].One form of comparison of digital leadership between Indonesia and Malaysia is in the field of e-government.
In the digital development in the era of Society 5.0, every country, including Indonesia and Malaysia, always prepares for global competition, especially in the fields of government, public services, and the economy.So far, Malaysia has always focused on issues regarding development to improve public services with egovernment which is what the community demands with its convenience, effectiveness, and cheapness.Meanwhile, Indonesia focuses on the development of egovernment through various policies that are channelled through legal positions in order to encourage the use of digital technology in government [14].The two countries compete with each other to provide infrastructure in egovernment in order to improve the quality of services provided to the community.Therefore, it is not surprising that because of this, Indonesia and Malaysia will be able to become digital leaders in Southeast Asia.The two countries are equally trying to accelerate the development of telecommunications infrastructure, build various national data centre to create regulations and policies, to improve the quality of Human Resources who are skilled with digital technology.However, if you have to compare them, they both have different roles and levels.Malaysia itself is designated as the second country with the fastest and optimal technological development in Southeast Asia.Until now, Indonesia has never stopped improving the development of its information technology, especially in digital transformation.However, Indonesia has not been able to solve the main problem, namely in the distribution of information technology in every region of Indonesia, especially in terms of internet connection which is still relatively slow compared to the development of internet connection in Malaysia which is arguably faster.Most Indonesians also have to spend more expensive funds to get internet access, therefore only a few majority areas can take advantage of internet development optimally, for example in Java.Even though the use of the internet is one of the important aspects in the transformation of digital technology today.In the field of innovation, Indonesia's innovation power also tends to lag far behind other countries in the world, especially neighbouring countries such as Malaysia and Singapore.Based on the Global Innovation Index (GII), Indonesia is ranked 85 while Singapore is ranked 5, and Malaysia is ranked 30.This proves that Indonesia still needs to improve its innovation power through the younger generation to be able to develop innovation and technology optimally.
The comparative study on technology transformation in Malaysia and Indonesia, within the context of digital leadership, reveals that both countries have undertaken significant efforts to implement digital technology transformation towards Society 5.0.While both countries strive to improve the quality of services and enhance welfare and quality of life, Malaysia has achieved a higher level of optimization in its digital technology development compared to Indonesia.This discrepancy can be attributed to factors such as uneven internet access distribution and the need for a more skilled and technologically proficient workforce in Indonesia.The research highlights the importance for Indonesia to prioritize technology adoption, improve digital infrastructure, enhance digital literacy, and provide adequate training and education.By addressing these gaps, Indonesia can work towards narrowing the technological divide and aligning with the vision of Society 5.0, ultimately benefiting its citizens and fostering digital leadership in the region.

Conclusion
In the end, the conclusion drawn from the comparative study of technology transformation in Malaysia and Indonesia based on digital leadership is that the two countries are equally trying to improve the quality of services provided to the community to improve welfare and quality of life.Basically, Indonesia and Malaysia have made optimal efforts in implementing digital technology transformation towards Society 5.0.Both in their implementation represent the vision of 'digital leadership in the implementation of the digital transformation process that is currently being implemented.Each of these countries competes with each other to become a digital leader in the Southeast Asian region through their respective policies and actions.Indonesia tends to focus on equitable distribution of infrastructure that is channelled through policies, to improve public services by the government through the establishment of legal regulations.In addition to ensuring the development of infrastructure, the Indonesian government is also trying to carry out technological transformation into the digital era through the formation of the character of students and workers so that they have competent competencies in the field of technology, starting from competence for technological commercialization, competence in globalization, and others.Meanwhile, Malaysia tends to focus on providing infrastructure in the digital field to encourage the country to achieve a digital economy through the presence of the digital economy market, financial technology companies, and many more.
The transformation of digital technology in Malaysia is also trying to put the community side by side with technology and all the conveniences it gets.One form of digital infrastructure development carried out by Malaysia is through financial technology.In the field of government, Malaysia also tends to increase facilities compared to policy regulations.Basically, Indonesia and Malaysia have made optimal efforts in implementing digital technology transformation towards Society 5.0.Both in their implementation represent the vision of 'digital leadership in the implementation of the digital transformation process that is currently being implemented.However, it cannot be denied that if a comparison is made, the optimization of the development of digital technology transformation in Indonesia is still inferior to Malaysia.This can be seen from several influencing factors ranging from the use of digital technology in the form of the internet which is still not evenly distributed in Indonesia, even though in Malaysia all people have been able to use and utilize the development of information technology optimally.The number of Human Resources with good quality who are able to use technology between Indonesia and Malaysia is also different.In Indonesia, there are still many people who cannot use technology and take advantage of its convenience properly for their daily life.So, it is not surprising that Indonesia often cooperates with other countries to obtain technological assistance, given the absence of qualified Human Resources capable of carrying out technological developments.Therefore, it is better for the Indonesian government to be able to focus more and to increase the distribution of technology use in all regions of Indonesia and for all audiences without exception.
Future research can build upon this study by conducting more in-depth case studies and quantitative analysis to assess the impact and effectiveness of specific technological transformation policies in Malaysia and Indonesia.This would involve evaluating the outcomes of infrastructure development, entrepreneurship support, and education initiatives on the overall digital ecosystem.Additionally, comparative research can explore the experiences of other countries that have successfully implemented digital leadership strategies to draw valuable lessons and insights for Malaysia and Indonesia.Furthermore, conducting surveys or interviews with stakeholders, including government officials, industry leaders, and citizens, can provide valuable perspectives and shed light on the challenges and opportunities encountered during the implementation of digital technology transformation.Such research endeavours can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics and potential areas of improvement in the technological transformation efforts in Malaysia and Indonesia.