The Role of Women Entrepreneurs in Establishing Sustainability Firms’ Performance and Well-Being

. This study aims to examine the effect of family support on firm performance and owners' well-being mediated by family-to-work enrichment in women entrepreneurs. Quantitative research in which data were obtained from 150 respondents of Small-and-Medium owned by women entrepreneurs in Indonesia through an online questionnaire and used a Structural Equation Modelling method with SEM Smart PLS. The results of hypothesis testing show that family support has no direct effect on firm performance or owners' well-being and resulted in a positive and significant relationship on family-to-work enrichment. Meanwhile, the mediator of family-to-work enrichment does not have a direct effect on firm performance either. Family-to-work enrichment has a significant effect on owners' well-being. For indirect effect, Family-to-Work Enrichment has not been able to mediate the relationship between Family Support on Firm Performance or on Owners' Well-Being. Family support is important for women entrepreneurs in completing their tasks in family life and the workplace more effectively to develop their potential and work skills. This research contributes by highlighting the need for the current system to consider the special requirements and difficulties faced by women entrepreneurs and to offer the assistance and atmosphere required to promote their growth, prosperity, and sustainability.


Introduction
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have a very strong position and make a very large contribution to the national economy.Ministry of Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises in 2018 reported that the number of SME entrepreneurs was 64.2 million or 99.99% of the total number of entrepreneurs in Indonesia.SMEs were able to absorb 117 million workers or 97% of the total labour absorption capacity [1].SMEs contributed to Indonesia's national economy (GDP) at a constant price of Rp. 7,034.01 trillion in 2019, an increase of 22.9% from the previous year which was Rp. 5,721.1 trillion.Meanwhile, the contribution of SMEs to GDP based on current prices is IDR 9,580.8trillion.This contribution increased by 5.7% from the previous year which amounted to IDR 9,062.6 trillion.
Another fact is about 60 percent of the current number of SME entrepreneurs are women.Therefore, it is equitable for the government to give its attention to this sector by empowering women.The resilience and contribution of women entrepreneurs in managing businesses is a big potential to accelerate national economic recovery [2].Women's empowerment not only has a positive impact on the national economy, but it also has a positive impact on the families and individuals of women entrepreneurs themselves.Through this homebased industry, women can still work without having to leave their homes, even more, it can absorb labour and create more jobs [3].
However, this phenomenon that occurs to women entrepreneurs in running their businesses often faces many challenges.The challenges that women entrepreneurs faced are including gender discrimination, fear to start a business, limited business knowledge, limited capital, and the double role dilemma between focusing on managing a business or taking care of a family.Previous research also revealed the research results on the obstacles faced by women that have been conducted previously by taking samples from 35 studies and from 90 developing countries such as capital, infrastructure, Business, Economic, and Political (BEP) constraints, and lack of training related to entrepreneurship [4].
As for the double role between family and business, it is a push factor for women to choose to become entrepreneurs with the expectation that they can balance the role of being able to have more time with their families than working as employees in the office and reduce family conflicts [5], [6].This is also an obstacle or challenge factor, especially for women who are already married and have a family.These conflicts, if they occur continuously, will inevitably have an impact on the well-being of women entrepreneurs and their spouses and they also will affect work stress management.Because women who become workers or entrepreneurs will have multiple roles that can cause higher stress and conflict than men [7].
There are several previous research literates that identify how the role and support of family (family support) can have an influence on the success and well-being of women entrepreneurs (owners' well-being).Previous study revealed determinant factors that influence the success of women entrepreneurs are social environment and personal orientation, women who have family support can create family-to-work enrichment and can create their own synergy [8].Female entrepreneurs who receive family moral support have a positive impact on owners' well-being and the success of firm performance other results also showed that women entrepreneurs who receive support from their families in the form of cohesiveness will have more power to deal with other problems in the business.Family plays an important role starting from the initial process of starting a business, development to business performance (firm performance) [9].Family moral support will have a positive impact on the success of women entrepreneurs, including how they can gain strength to face problems in the business environment [10].
Family is crucial to the entrepreneurial process.Based on the results of the research and the phenomena described and fill the research gap for women entrepreneur in mega city Jakarta, the focus of the problem conceptualization and the purpose of this research is to find out whether family support factors affect Owners' Well-Being; Firm Performance; and Family-to-Work Enrichment.For success in current competitive, sustainable performance is essential for SME.In the context of this study, the definition of "to be maintained at a certain rate or level" is included in the word "sustainable," which is frequently used to describe consistency, such as a sustainable firm performance.In addition, this research is also intended to determine whether Family-to-Work Enrichment also affects Firm performance and Owners' Well-Being.Whether Family Support mediated by Family-to-Work Enrichment influences Firm Performance and Owners' Well-Being of women entrepreneurs in Jakarta.

Family Support (FS)
Family Support (FS) is identified with three types of supports namely emotional support, financial support, and instrumental support, which can help entrepreneurs in their business context [11].The form of emotional support is related to giving attention in the form of encouragement given with the aim of motivating and inspiring entrepreneurs.Financial support provides a cover of security for entrepreneurs who depend on their families for business continuity.Instrumental support presents in the form of physical assistance and knowledge that helps in fostering the business from the perspective of growth and development, business survival, and sustainability in difficult times.Additionally, more family support enables business owners to adjust their daily objectives in light of financial issues [12].Family support enhance firm performance, well-being, and family-to-work enrichment [13]- [15].Therefore, we propose that: H1: Family Support affects Firm Performance.H2: Family Support affects Owner's Well-Being.H3: Family Support affects Family-to-work enrichment.H6: Family Support affects Firm Performance mediated by Family-to-work enrichment.H7: Family Support affects Owner's Well-being mediated by Family-to-work enrichment.

Family-to-Work Enrichment (FWE)
Family-to-Work Enrichment (FWE) entails gathering resources from one area of life (such as the workplace) that may be applied to enhance the standard of living in another (the family).Through instrumental and/or affective channels, resources created in one role can enrich others.When resources gained in one function have a direct, instrumental impact on performance in another, this is when instrumental family-to-work enrichment (FWE) takes place.[11].
Affective Family-to-Work Enrichment (AFWE) exists when the resources acquired in one role generate positive influences (sometimes because they increase performance in that role), which in turn enhances performance in the other role.Others propose similar resources such as new skills and perspectives; positive emotions; economic, social, or health assets; and efficiency gains.Similarly, the scale items indicate gains in efficiency (time-based items), positive emotions and energy (energy-based items), knowledge and skills (behavioural items), and perspectives (psychological items) gained in one role that enhances the experiences in the others [16].Previous studies revealed a positive relationship between work-family enrichment on job performance [17], [18] and well-being [19].Therefore, we propose that: H4: Family-to-work enrichment affects Firm Performance.H5: Family-to-work enrichment affects owner's Well-Being.

Firm Performance (FP)
Research on strategic management now frequently uses the concept of "firm performance" (FP) as a dependent variable.Performance is a specific outcome from management, economics, and marketing that determines the organization's competitiveness, efficiency, and effectiveness as well as the efficacy of its structural and procedural elements [20].The definition of firm performance was primarily focused on a firm's capability and ability to effectively exploit the resources at hand to achieve goals consistent with the company's established objectives, while also considering their relevance to its users.

Owner-Well-Being (OWB)
All pleasant life experiences and appraisals are included in the concept of well-being [21].According to the World Health Organization, it is a wide notion that is intricately influenced by a person's bodily and mental well-being, as well as their beliefs and interactions with others and prominent environmental element [22].SME owners that experience work-family balance, for example, can have extra time and energy to investigate a new company possibility or make plans for their family and enhance wellbeing.Figure 1 show the research framework for this study.

Fig. 1.
Research Framework [23], [24] 3 Methodology This study is quantitative research methods.A quantitative research method is one type of research whose specifications are systematic, well-planned, and clearly structured from the beginning to the making of the research design [25].The unit of analysis of this research is women entrepreneurs in Indonesia, while the unit of observation is SMEs in Jakarta who's owned by women.The data collection process used is a one-time data collection (cross-sectional study).Cross-sectional research is executed by taking a certain relatively short time and a certain place and performing on several objects with different levels.The online questionnaires distributed to 200 respondents in Jakarta from January -March 2022, and the valid respondents obtained at 150 respondents were met the predetermined inclusion criteria, namely gender and location.The respondents must be women who owned shops or SME business located in Jakarta.Therefore, the response rates were 75%.The population of Women entrepreneurs in Jakarta is unknown and the purposive technique sampling, the sample 150 respondents are sufficient as required 5 -10 times from total of the measurement items.The data evaluated using a multivariate method of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) based on a component or variance approach known as Partial Least Square (PLS) using Smart PLS tool.There are several tests carried out with SEM-PLS analysis, namely the outer model test to test the validity and reliability of the latent construct consisting of convergent validity test and discriminant validity test, as well as internal consistency reliability test consisting of Cronbach's alpha test and composite reliability test.Then, the inner model test which involves testing the predictive ability of the model and the relationship between the constructs; consists of a collinearity test, coefficient of determination, effect size, predictive relevance value, and hypothesis testing which is carried out by looking at the path coefficient value (tstatistics) and value probability (p-value) of the bootstrapping procedure in the SEM-PLS test which indicates the level of significance in hypothesis testing [26].
The data collection technique used in this study was self-administrative questionnaire via Google form which was distributed online.This research questionnaire used an ordinal Likert scale of 1-5, where the numbers represent strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5).The ordinal scale is a measurement in which the scale used is arranged based on the level of certain attributes so that the arrangement is arranged sequentially from low to high according to a certain feature, but between the sequences (ranks) one to another do not have the same distance) [27].
In total there were 5 constructs in this study with 20 measurement items shown in Table 1.Constructs Family Support (FS), Firm Performance (FP), and Family-to-Work Enrichment (FEW), consisting of 5 measurement items each adapted from [11].While for Owners' Well-Being (OWB) consist of 5 measurement items adapted from [22], [28], [29].For SEM-PLS analysis in this study was carried out using SmartPLS software by input data from respondents.Then described the path model, which explains the relationships of variables in this study.The outer model test is done by running the PLS Algorithm program.The inner model test is done by running the bootstrapping program.

Measurement Model
In this study, the validity test was carried out using the convergent validity test and the discriminant validity test, while the reliability test was carried out using the internal consistency reliability test consisting of Cronbach's alpha test and composite reliability test.There are 2 methods used to test convergent validity, the first is to look at the outer loading value of each indicator, and the second is to look at the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) value.The rule of thumb used is the outer loading value of the research indicator must be greater than 0.7 and the AVE value must be greater than 0.50 (Hair et al., 2017).
Based on the results of data processing in Table 3, the following is an explanation of the outer loading value between indicators and variables: Family Support (FS) variables with indicators FS1, FS2, FS3, and FS5 each has Loading Factors (LF) values of 0.72; 0.85; 0.82; 0.73.Therefore, these four indicators can be said to meet the criteria of convergent validity because they have an outer loading value of > 0.70.The FS4 indicator does not meet the criteria for convergent validity because it has an outer loading value of 0.44, so the FS4 indicator will be removed from further data processing.
Firm Performance (FP) variables with indicators FP1, FP2, FP3, and FP4 each has Loading Factors (LF) 0.85; 0.80; 0.79; 0.80.Therefore, these four indicators can be said to meet the criteria of convergent validity because they have an outer loading value of > 0.70.The FP5 indicator which has an outer loading value of 0.65 will be excluded from further data processing because after other invalid indicators are removed from the path diagram and retested, the outer loading value of the FP5 indicator shows a value < 0.70, which means the FP5 indicator cannot meet the criteria of good validity, so it will remove from data.
Owners' Well-Being (OWB) with indicators OWB1, OWB2, OWB4, and OWB5 each has Loading Factors (LF) 0.76; 0.75; 0.70; 0.78.Therefore, these four indicators can be said to meet the criteria of convergent validity because they have an outer loading value of > 0.70.The OWB3 indicator does not meet the criteria for convergent validity because it has an outer loading value of 0.68, so the OWB3 indicator will be removed from further data processing.
Family-to-work Enrichment (FWE) variables with indicators FWE1, FWE3, FWE4, and FWE5 each has Loading Factors (LF) 0.74; 0.81; 0.82; 0.75.Therefore, these four indicators can be said to meet the criteria of convergent validity because they have an outer loading value of > 0.70.The FWE2 indicator does not meet the criteria for convergent validity because it has an outer loading value of 0.58, so the FWE2 indicator will be removed from further data processing.The Average Variance Extracted (AVE) value of each latent variable in Table 3 has a value of > 0.50, which means that each variable can explain 50% or more of the variable and can be declared valid and meet the criteria of Convergent Validity.In reliability testing, a variable can be said to meet the criteria of good reliability when the values of Cronbach alpha > 0.70 [26].The results of data processing in Table 3 show that Cronbach's alpha value and the Composite Reliability (CR) value of each research variable are > 0.70.Therefore, it can be concluded that all variables in this study have a good level of reliability.
The discriminant validity test in this study was carried out in 2 ways such as the Fornell-Lacker criterion and Heterotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratio summarized in Table 4. Discriminant validity by analysed at the results of the cross-loading value of each question indicator on the variable can be said to meet good validity criteria if the outer loading indicator value on the construct > crossloading value with other constructs [26].The results of data processing in Table 4 show that the value of the outer loading of the indicators for each variable is greater than the value of cross-loading with other variables.Therefore, it can be concluded that the constructs and measurement items used in this study have valid discriminant validity values and the path diagram shown at Figure 2.

Structural Model
The structural or inner model test is the development of concept-based models and theories to analyse the relationship between exogenous and endogenous variables that have been described in the conceptual framework.Figure 3 shows the bootstrapping estimation results for each variable in the structural model.The inner model test conducted in this study included the R-square, F-square, and Q-square tests.The R-square test is a measurement of the overall effect of exogenous or endogenous variables on other endogenous variables.In general, R-square values of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 for the constructed model are considered weak, moderate, and strong [30].The results of the R-square test in Table 5 shown that the firm performance variable has an R-square value of 0.05, the owners' well-being variable has an R-square value of 0.17, and the family-to-work enrichment variable has an Rsquare value of 0.134.Thus, it can be stated that these three variables have a weak level of influence.From the results of the adjusted R-square test, it can be explained that the exogenous family support variable can affect the 3 endogenous variables, namely the firm performance variable by 4.1% and the remaining 95.9% is influenced by other variables, the owners' well-being variable is 16.4 % and 83.6% are influenced by other variables, and the family-to-work enrichment variable is 12.8% and the remaining 87.2% is influenced by other variables.
The Q-square test describes how well the path model is able to predict the authenticity of the observed variable values.Observational variables are said to have predictive relevance if the Q-square value > 0. The Q-square test results in Table 5 show that the three observation variables have a Q-square value > 0 which means that the model in this study has a relevant value and can be used to explain the information obtained in the research data.Therefore, it can conclude that this study has good observational value.The F-square test is a test that describes how much influence the variables in the structural model.The parameter of 0.02, 0.15, and 0.35 were respectively interpreted as the influence of variables in the small, moderate, and large structural models (Hair et al., 2017).
Based on the results of data processing in Table 6 the relationship between the variables has a small influence on the structural model.Meanwhile, the FS -FWE variable has a moderate influence on the structural model.

Hypotheses Testing
The hypothesis testing of this study was conducted on direct and indirect effects.In testing the hypothesis for the correlation of these two effects, T-statistics, P-value, and original sample values were used.The hypothesis is accepted if the t-statistics value exceed 1.96 and significant if the p-value lower < 0.05.The hypothesis results are shown in Table 7.Based on the hypothesis testing conducted for the relationship between family support variables and firm performance, the t-statistics results have a value of 0.61 <1.96), the p-value results have a value of 0.53 > 0.05.Thus, it can be concluded that H1 is rejected, means that the family support variable has no effect on the firm performance in women entrepreneur.The result supported by previous study [23], However, it was contra to other study [24].For the relationship between Family Support on Owners' Well-Being which the value of t-statistics 1.87 < 1.96, the p-value 0.06 > 0.05.Thus, it can be concluded that H2 is rejected which means that the Family Support has no effect on Owners' Well-Being for women entrepreneur.The results of this study is contrary to previous studies [28], [31].
The relationship between Family Support on Familyto-Work Enrichment, the t-statistics result 4.65 > 1.96, the p-value 0.00 < 0.05, and the original sample is 0.36.Thus, it can be stated that H3 is accepted with a positive relationship, which means that the family support has an influence on the Family-to-Work Enrichment.If the women entrepreneur's family support them, it will create the Family-to-Work Enrichment.The results of this study are in line with previous studies [32], [33].
The next hypothesis testing carried out for the affect between the Family-to-Work Enrichment on Firm Performance, the t-statistics result 1.88 <1.96), the pvalue has a value of 0.05 = 0.05.Thus, it can be concluded that H4 is rejected, which means that the Family-to-Work Enrichment has no affects on the Firm Performance.The results of this study are contrary to previous studies [34], [35].The hypothesis between Family-to-Work Enrichment on Owners' Well-Being which the t-statistics result has a value of 2.04 > 1.96, the p-value has a value of 0.04 < 0.05), and the original sample has a value of 0.237.Thus, it can be concluded that H5 is accepted with a positive relationship, which means that the Family-to-Work Enrichment has effect on the Owners' Well-Being.The results of this study has supported by previous studies [31], [32].
For indirect effect, the relationship between Family Support and Firm Performance mediated by Family-to-Work Enrichment which the t-statistics result 1.563 <1.96, the p-value 0.10 > 0.05.Thus, it can be stated that H6 is rejected which means that there is no mediating affect of Family-to-Work Enrichment between Family Support towards Firm Performance.The results of this study are contrary to previous study [11].The relationship between the Family Support on the Owners' Well-Being mediated by the Family-to-Work Enrichment which the results of t-statistics 1.64 <1.96, the result of the p-value 0.11 > 0.05).Thus, it can be stated that H7 is rejected, which means that there is no mediating affect of Familyto-Work Enrichment between Family Support on Owners' Well-Being.The results of this study are contrary to previous research [32].

Conclusion and Limitation
The ability of firms to carry out its objective, serve the stakeholders for a longer time, and make a noticeable and quantifiable impact is frequently defined as sustainability.Families and women entrepreneurs are expected to understand the crucial role that family support plays in enhancing the family-to-work balance for women entrepreneurs.They should also be aware of the crucial contribution that family-to-work enrichment makes to the wellbeing of female entrepreneurs.Women entrepreneurs are expected to be able to carry out and complete tasks successfully in family life as well as work more effectively and ethically if they receive advice, interest, understanding, financial support, and strategic business decision-making support from their families.They are better able to develop their potential and professional abilities since they can balance work and family obligations more successfully.To improved sustainability of SME, the owner may increase a firm's capacity to deliver value over a long period of time.
There are several limitations in this study.The constructs that used namely family support, family-towork enrichment, firm performance, and owners' wellbeing are covered.Therefore, it is advised to include others construct in future research to determine whether it has an impact on firm performance and owners' wellbeing in women entrepreneurs, such as individual characteristics, the internal and external business environment, supportive factors, motivational factors, financial support, and scale of business.The research conducted in the pandemic era and covered only women entrepreneurs in Jakarta.Future research suggested to enlarge the respondents, and this results in this study unable to generalise.

Table 3 .
Measurement Model

Table 5 .
R-Square and Q-Square