Application of value engineering to the regional SPAM of Agam Regency – Bukittinggi City, West Sumatra Province

. Access to clean drinking water is critical for human well-being and socio-economic development. In Indonesia, the water supply system, known as Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM), is crucial for providing access to clean drinking water, an essential resource for the country's growing population and economic development. The objective of this study is to apply Value Engineering, using a six-stage process, to optimize the network distribution system within the Regional SPAM of Agam Regency - Bukittinggi City, West Sumatra Province, thereby enhancing water accessibility and infrastructure efficiency. The stages include information gathering, function analysis, creativity, evaluation, recommendation, and implementation. By utilizing the multi-Criteria Analysis method during the evaluation stage, this research systematically assesses available alternatives, ultimately identifying the most effective and economically viable solution, the use of HDPE pipes in the distribution system. The findings have significant implications for improving drinking water accessibility and advancing sustainable infrastructure development in Indonesia.


Introduction
Water is a very important component in human life, because without water all life processes that take place on earth cannot run properly.This is one of government's duty for people's benefit.Therefore, it becomes important to maintain access to clean water sources.Indonesia still has areas that need access to quality and standard clean water sources.One of these areas is Agam Regency -Bukittinggi City.The method that can be used to maintain the quality of access to clean water sources in the Agam Regency -Bukittinggi City is to build a drinking water supply system or sistem penyediaan air minum (SPAM) [1].
In a SPAM's Construction, it requires a large amount of money to build it.Cost estimation at the planning stage of a project is very decisive since the selection of designs and materials to be used in the project will show the quality of the building, and will have an influence on the size of the budget plan, so it needed to optimize the budget plan.Value Engineering method is a systematic application to identifies and established a worth of the general and main function of a service or product by using creative thinking to find the better alternatives [2].
To encourage inclusive growth in Indonesia and enhance the clean water sector, efficient engineering solutions are crucial for accelerating infrastructure provision.An improving quality and timeliness, these solutions will contribute to achieving infrastructure development goals.SPAM must meet the needs based on the principles of quantity, quality, continuity, and affordability to achieve that purpose [3].Given the issues, the primary goal of applying Value Engineering carried out to the Agam Regency -Bukittinggi City Regional SPAM is to expedite project preparation and improve access to clean water through infrastructure development.This paper describes a conducted process of value engineering method in West Sumatra Province for the SPAM in Agam Regency -Bukittinggi City.

Methodology
This project used problem solving procedures of value engineering study, consisting of information, function, creativity, evaluation, and recommendation stage [4].

Information stage
In this research, the first thing to do is to collect information.This stage is the initial stage in collecting data related to the topic to be studied.Judging from the topographical situation and other considerations, an estimate of the capital costs for the budget plan or rencana anggaran biaya (RAB) SPAM has been prepared.

Function analysis stage
The function analysis stage involves analysing desired functions to identify primary and supporting functions.The function analysis system technique (FAST) diagram method is employed to determine the function of the object under review in the value engineering process [5].
The initial identification of the function of SPAM was carried out based on a literature study.After the initial identification is carried out, a survey is carried out based on the functions contained in two or more reference.Decision-making was made based on the results of the questionnaires distributed, and then a functional factor analysis was carried out.

Creative stage
Through the Creative stage, there are recommended alternatives for this project which will then be evaluated to get the alternatives to be used.The alternative used is determined according to the expected function.This assessment must be carried out objectively without being influenced by attitudes and habits [6].An alternative selection is almost always related to determining whether or not an alternative is feasible and determining the best of the available alternatives.The goal in choosing an alternative is to get optimal results.The situation to be selected will affect the selection criteria.

Evaluation stage
The evaluation stage utilizes the multi-criteria analysis (MCA) method can be seen in Fig. 1, selected for its capacity to systematically evaluate various factors, including economic, social, and environmental aspects, to determine the most effective and economically viable solution.MCA takes into account variables such as material costs, time savings, project sustainability, and social and environmental impacts, alongside monetary considerations [7].This result of stage used paired comprasion matrix and can be seen in Fig. 2.

Life cycle cost analysis
This stage also known as life-cycle assessment to improve the evaluation stage.life cycle cost also could conduct as additional analysis and support decisionmaking for sustainable development.

The estimated costs
The estimated costs of SPAM Regional Agam Regency -Bukittinggi City can be seen in Table 1.

Pareto diagram
The cost of pipe installation work is one of the jobs that incur the highest costs as can be seen in Table 2.The description of steel production costs can be seen in Table 3.
Life Cycle Cost is conducted to support the decision process for both type of pipes.The cycle is planned for 20 years with 6% interest.The result for HDPE pipe is Table 3. Description of steel production costs.
Based on the RAB that has been calculated, a Pareto diagram is then made to determine the percentage of the cost component [8], which can be seen in Fig. 3. Based on pareto diagram, pipe is chosen as it's a dominant main material on production units.The production units that consist 20% of work and given 80% of cost.

Fast diagram
In this study, five functions were taken that were used for analysis, and then from these functions, a Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) diagram was compiled to show the relationship and linkages between each function and the others based on the level of importance of these functions in accordance with answering questions how (how) from left to right and why (why) from right to left in this study.The FAST diagram can be seen in Fig. 4.
The result of the Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) diagram is the hierarchy of each function based on the relationship between how and why.The FAST diagram can be seen from a functional point view, with high coverage moving right to lower coverage.The FAST diagram method produces an organized description of the functions and the interrelationships between each function with one another as a result of the functional mapping of the Agam -Bukittinggi Regional SPAM so that it can assist in creative thinking in finding an alternative.Alternatives can be studied in terms of materials, implementation methods, and others.All ideas are free to be excluded at this stage because no analysis is carried out on these ideas.Ideas issued by members will be aggregated to fulfill basic functions without prior consideration and will result in a list of ideas containing alternatives.In this stage, it was determined the type of pipe used to increase access to drinking water in Agam Regency -Bukittinggi City, West Sumatra Province.There are two choices of pipes, namely iron pipes and HDPE pipes, each of which is analyzed for its value evaluation factors to determine the optimal option that can be selected.Alternatives can be seen in Fig. 5-6.

Parameter evaluation
The weighting of each parameter is determined by scoring each criterion.The selection criteria will be influenced by the alternative situation to be selected.The evaluation parameters used can be seen in the Table 4.

Criteria table
Regarding the first option, steel pipes, they offer several advantages, such as greater strength, lighter weight, ease of installation and connection, and the ability to withstand pressures of up to 70 MCA.On the other hand, HDPE pipes excel in cost-effectiveness and continuity due to their relatively lower price and simpler maintenance post-installation [9][10].The criteria for evaluating and selecting between these two options can be seen in the Table 5.The first indicator is absolutely more important than the second indicator

Multi criteria Decision
Based on the results of multi-criteria analysis calculations for the Regional SPAM of Agam Regency -Bukittinggi City, it is recommended to use HDPE Pipes.Can be seen in Table 6.

Conclusion
The conclusion for the Regional SPAM of Agam Regency -Bukittinggi City, West Sumatra Province is described below.The important thing in these research is determining the use of pipe types.The result show that option 2 HDPE pipe types is chosen as the best option.Another result of consideration between the two options contained in the Study Topics discussed can be seen in the Table 7.
In conclusion, applying Value Engineering to the Regional SPAM of Agam Regency -Bukittinggi City, West Sumatra Province, could accelerate project preparation and improve access to drinking water.One of an effort to fulfil of the government's obligation.The purpose of this project, mainly, is to reduce the government's expense.In the other hand, this project provides drinking water for people with low cost as people's prosperity.It is shown that Value Engineering is one solution could be conducted in large and multi years construction projects.This method could help the construction's plan became more appropriate.The results indicate that using HDPE pipes is the more economically viable option for the network distribution system.This study's findings have important implications for enhancing water accessibility and promoting sustainable infrastructure development in Indonesia [11].Future research could explore other factors that might influence the effectiveness of Value Engineering in different regions or water supply systems.
According to analysis above, Value Engineering is one of powerful tools in taking decision for such as engineering problem.

Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Made of steel coated by coal and fine asphalt.

Table 2 .
Description of HDPE production costs.

Table 4 .
Parameter evaluation of alternative selection.

Table 7 .
Analysis of options on study topics.

Table 7 (
continued).Analysis of options on study topics.