Sustainable Societal Empowerment through an Efficient Novel Paradigm on Industrial Internet of Things for Smart Medicare box

. The main objective of this research is to develop a user-friendly medicine box for patients, ensuring they take the correct medication at the right time. The design allows for easy customization with minor modifications based on specific requirements. Caretakers or family members can enter and update tablet data in the medicine box, including expiry, count, and dosing schedule. Equipped with real-time clock data, the medicine box activates slot-specific LED lights and alarming sounds when it matches the designated medication schedule. These indicators turn off only when the patient takes the correct medicine from the respective slot, detected by ultrasonic sensors. The medicine box also features a reminder system, sending notifications via WhatsApp to the designated caretaker or family member to track medication adherence. Additionally, it includes a repeat button for patients to easily access and retake the previous dose. In case of emergencies, the medicine box is equipped with an emergency button, enabling patients to contact their caretakers or family members promptly. Furthermore, the medicine box automates the medicine ordering process by placing orders when any tablet is nearing its expiry or when the count falls below the minimum required level. Hence, these features ensure patient’s medication taken promptly.


Introduction
The axiom "Health is wealth" perfectly captures this truth: healthcare is essential to human existence.This idea emphasizes the enormous value of robust well-being as a prized possession deserving careful nurture.
Taking care of one's health means making an investment in overall quality of life; this idea rings true for both mental and physical well-being.Individuals can obtain a priceless gift -a reservoir of vitality that opens the road for a life of meaning and production -through conscientious endeavors including balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, preventative measures, and timely medical interventions.Each person might discover the secret to a happy life by promoting their health.
Infancy, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age, and the best years of old age are some of the stages through which life develops.Just as a new car initially displays peak performance, its capabilities progressively decline with use.This comparison illustrates how crucial routine maintenance is to maintaining the car's top performance over time.The effects of aging on human health are similar.Similar to an old car that needs repairs, elderly people frequently visit hospitals to make sure their vital signs are within normal ranges.Medical practitioners manage health issues with procedures, drugs, and treatments in the same way that mechanics take care of a car's needs.
China is currently dealing with the problems associated with an aging population as the number of senior citizens is rising quickly [1].It is surprising how quickly the senior population is expanding, and it coincides with a global trend of rising older hospital admissions.However, hospitals' ability to handle this inflow of patients is constrained, creating a critical need for creative solutions.
The COVID-19 pandemic recently put enormous burden on healthcare systems all around the world.Hospitals grew overcrowded as a result of a lack of resources, leaving limited room for urgent situations.Governments everywhere decided to respond by prioritizing patients with moderate to severe symptoms for hospital resources, while those with milder symptoms were counseled to manage their health at home with the help of prescribed medications.This change sparked a broader movement that focused on overhauling hospital operations and promoting home-based treatment [2], especially for chronic illnesses that frequently affect the elderly.
Long-term care is necessary for chronic illnesses, which are common in the elderly.To treat symptoms and preserve wellbeing, many illnesses demand steadfast pharmaceutical regimens.The shift from a hospital-centric to a home-centric model for routine medical procedures and services is a hopeful trend in healthcare.With the help of technological improvements, this transformation recognizes the potential advantages of enabling people to manage their health from the convenience of their homes.
Notably, the World Health Organization reports that a significant majority of persons between the ages of 50 and 60 are given numerous prescriptions, many of which call for dosing every two to three hours [3].Almost one-third of older people are required to take eight or more prescriptions every day [4], according to an even more startling estimate from the American Society of Health System Pharmacists.The elderly have difficulty adhering to such a large number of prescriptions.Common dangers include forgetfulness, unintentional double dosing, and medicine administration mistakes.For these people, maintaining and managing drug schedules becomes a tough task that is prone to mistakes.
Enter the world of the Internet of Things (IoT), a development in technology with transformative potential for senior care that melds itself into daily life smoothly.IoT broadens the internet's application by wirelessly fusing together diverse "smart" objects, ushering in a new era of communication and lifestyle improvements.IoT solutions have become more popular as a way to guarantee precise and timely medicine delivery due to the increased emphasis on the autonomy of elderly patients.The goal is to successfully manage patients' health while enabling them to preserve their freedom.
With these factors in mind, the "Medicare box enabled with IoT" appears as a way to deal with issues with older patients' prescription adherence.This ground-breaking tool makes sure that prescriptions are taken correctly and on time, acting as a trustworthy ally in the quest for long-term wellness.Medication compartments in the Medicare box are divided into time-stamped sections for user-friendliness.These designated containers, each with a time slot allocated, are simple for caregivers to load with medications.The matching slot turns on with an LED light and an audio buzzer at the designated time.For people who have hearing or vision difficulties, this dual sensory notification system is very useful.
In addition, the Medicare box makes use of contemporary communication techniques to improve its performance in a sustainable manner.Through WhatsApp messaging, caregivers are provided with real-time updates on medication adherence, ensuring that they are aware and can provide timely support.The device has an emergency button that, when pressed, places a call to the designated caregiver immediately, promoting a sense of security and prompt assistance.
A repeat button serves as an additional practical function.If a certain amount of time has passed after a dose was missed, pressing the repeat button activates the LED light and buzzer, guiding the patient to the appropriate drug slot and helping them stay on track with their medication schedule.
Beyond its role as a simple medication reminder, the Medicare box demonstrates intelligence in its operations.It possesses the capability to identify approaching drug expirations or a shortage of pharmaceutical supplies.In such situations, the device takes the initiative to self-alert the relevant medical shop with precise information about the required drug, its quantity, and the patient's address and contact details.This proactive approach not only enhances patient convenience but also contributes to reducing unnecessary wastage by ensuring that medications are procured only when needed.
The project embodies a multifaceted sustainable scope that aims to enhance medication management for patients while contributing to the sustainability of healthcare systems.It will introduce additional verification methods, bolstering patient safety by ensuring accurate and sustainable medicine consumption at designated times.This system will meticulously track medicine quantities and expiry dates, sending sustainability-focused alerts to users about upcoming expirations or shortages, thus minimizing disruptions to treatment plans and promoting a sustainable approach to healthcare.The project will elevate the box's functionality by integrating emergency features, potentially life-saving in critical situations.Emphasizing user-friendliness, it will create a streamlined system that minimizes human intervention while maximizing operational simplicity.In essence, this project's overarching goal is to elevate the reliability and efficiency of the medicine box, significantly benefiting patients.Moreover, the Medicare box's sustainable design and functionality align with modern ecoconscious practices.Its durable construction, energy-efficient components, and automated features help minimize its environmental impact while maximizing its usefulness to patients and caregivers.This combination of advanced technology and sustainability makes the Medicare box a valuable asset in the realm of healthcare management.
In essence, the Medicare box acts as a constant companion, encouraging elderly patients to manage their medications easily and accurately.It embraces the values of independence and wellbeing, seeking to improve the quality of life for elders while minimizing potential problems with drug adherence.
In conclusion, maintaining good health is an important goal for all people.The proverb "Health is wealth" is a living example of how valuable wellbeing is.Conscious efforts to promote health have a positive effect on many aspects of life, including emotional stability and physical vigor.The importance of maintenance is made clear as we move through the stages of life, just like an automobile does over its lifespan.Aging people need medical care much like old cars do, which means repairs are necessary.It is important to note the significance of cutting-edge technologies like the IoT-enabled Medicare box in the context of a rapidly aging population like China and the global shift towards home-centric healthcare.Through autonomous and error-free drug administration, this innovative technology aims to empower seniors and promote a healthy, independent, and vibrant way of life.

Literature Survey
Employing a nurse or caregiver to take care of elderly or ill patients can be costly in the current period.It is also time-consuming to check to see if the patient has taken their medication, count how many pills they have, and order the right amount of pills.The difficulty of adhering to a specified drug schedule is a problem for older patients.Healthy communication between the patient and the medicine doctor is necessary for medication adherence.The development of various technology-enabled medicine boxes, also known as intelligent pill boxes and medicare boxes, has been actively pursued by academics around the world.They all have the same core goal, which is to give reminders and make sure that patients take their medications at the appropriate times, despite the variations in nomenclature.These cutting-edge gadgets use technology to tackle the widespread issue of drug nonadherence, which can have detrimental effects on patient health.These medicine boxes seek to increase medication management and adherence rates by including features like alarms, timers, and notifications.The pivotal characteristic of these advanced medicinal containers is their adeptness in delivering well-timed reminders.A testament to this is found in various research endeavors exploring automated medicine boxes, each wielding unique technological components.One study, elucidated in [6], elucidates the design of a medicine box empowered by a GSM module, promptly transmitting message alerts.In tandem, an IR sensor is harnessed to validate medication consumption.Similarly, the Smart Medicine Box System detailed in [5] introduces a mobile application proficient in issuing attention-arresting notifications concerning essential medication schedules.
The infusion of IoT amplifies the spectrum of capabilities, as evident in [7]'s IoT-Based Smart Healthcare Medical Box for the Elderly.This innovative approach employs email alerts, ensuring timely awareness of medication requirements and any prescription adjustments.Emphasizing sensory engagement, Health Alert and Medicine Reminder using IoT [8] embraces buzzers and LCD displays, tactfully prodding patients towards timely medication intake.
Further enriching this landscape, an intelligent medicine box for medication management through IoT, as delineated in [9], combines auditory and digital stimuli.An alarm resonates from the medicine box while a complementary mobile application remains poised to relay real-time updates on medication alterations.The culmination of these explorations underscores the diversity of technologically-endowed medicine boxes, harboring an array of instruments and functionalities.However, a unifying thread ties them together: the unwavering pursuit of ensuring accurate medication administration at the precise moment.
In essence, the plethora of technologically advanced medicine boxes showcases a dynamic field marked by innovative components, propelling medication management into the digital age.Yet, amidst this diversity, their ultimate purpose resonates unswervingly -to safeguard health and well-being by facilitating the timely and accurate consumption of prescribed medications.In fact, the already-present medicine boxes have done a great deal to help patients remember to take their prescription as directed.We want to expand on this idea, though, by creating a medicare box that is user-friendly, simple, affordable, and able to meet the needs of patients with a range of disabilities.Our main goal is to develop a medicare box that will enable patients to independently manage their medications, even when they have hearing loss or visual impairments.Our Medicare Box will also have the ability to automatically order medications.It will keep track of medication levels by connecting to a connected system, and when refills are required, it will automatically order more.By doing so, manual inventory management is made unnecessary and patients are always provided with enough medication.Our Medicare box will also have an emergency button and a repeat button in addition to these necessary functions.A call or alert to the patient's caregiver or emergency services can be made by pressing the emergency button when necessary.As a result, there is an added measure of security and quick support when required.If a patient forgets to take their prescribed dose, the repeat button is there to help.By pushing the repeat button, the Medicare box will notify the patient of the missed medication, enabling them to continue their medication regimen without confusion or error.Our Medicare box strives to enable patients to manage their meds on their own, improve safety, and provide a comprehensive solution for medication adherence by combining simplicity, affordability, ease-of-use, and inclusive design principles.Our Medicare box boasts the following notable and distinctive characteristics, all while maintaining a strong commitment to sustainability: Efficient Medication Adherence Mechanism: The device incorporates a robust mechanism that effectively determines whether the patient has taken their prescribed medication.This not only aids in tracking adherence but also contributes to the patient's overall well-being by ensuring proper medication intake.

Automated Drug Ordering:
With a forward-thinking approach to sustainability, the Medicare box includes an automated feature that initiates a call to order refills of medications when needed.By proactively managing medication supplies, this function reduces the risk of unnecessary shortages and ensures that patients receive their medications in a timely manner, while also minimizing wastage.Emergency Button for Immediate Assistance: The presence of an emergency button adds an important layer of safety and peace of mind.In case of any urgent medical need, patients can press this button to trigger an immediate response, connecting them with the designated caregiver or medical professionals.This instant access to help underscores the device's commitment to both patient care and safety.Repeat Button for Timely Reminders: The Medicare box includes a repeat button, a feature designed to encourage medication adherence.If a dose is missed, patients can press this button after a designated time interval, activating visual and auditory cues to guide them to the correct medication slot.This not only promotes responsible medication habits but also contributes to effective treatment outcomes.Integrating Sustainability: Beyond its functional benefits, the Medicare box is built with sustainability in mind.Its energy-efficient design minimizes power consumption, while its durable construction ensures a longer product lifecycle.By reducing electronic waste and energy usage, the device aligns with environmentally conscious practices, Incorporating a blend of advanced features for patient care and safety, along with a commitment to sustainable design, the Medicare box stands as a prime example of innovative healthcare technology that addresses both immediate needs and long-term environmental concerns.Patients who are elderly, uneducated, or have speech-or visionrelated disabilities can utilize it easily because to these features.Due to its distinctive and extremely effective features, our medicine box distinguishes out from other medicine boxes currently on the market.As a result, patients are guaranteed to be able to efficiently follow their prescription schedules and steer clear of any potential disruptions or issues brought on by missed doses.By including these functionalities, we have successfully filled a market gap and given patients access to a more complete and user-friendly medicare box solution.Our solution stands out due to its emphasis on ease, safety, and real-life scenarios, which also improves the patient experience as a whole.Our Medicare box instills patients with confidence in effectively handling their medication and receiving emergency aid.While some sensors are vulnerable to environmental factors like smoke or dust, and are comparatively expensive, ultrasonic sensors take precedence due to their reliability and cost-effectiveness in confirming medication intake by patients.Numerous medical boxes send alerts to caregivers through texts or emails, but the effectiveness of messages has diminished, and email checking is infrequent unless for urgent matters.Therefore, as technology developed, we now rely on Whatsapp for communication.Because Whatsapp is a popular program and is used frequently throughout the day, there is very little possibility that users will forget about crucial reminders when they are sent to Whatsapp.The Medicare Box's ability to start an automated call for ordering medicine is one of its most important functions, and it is the final and most important feature.This function's main goal is to make medication refilling as quick and easy as possible while also guaranteeing that patients always have access to enough of their prescribed meds.The medicare box initiates an automated call to the specified medical store when certain conditions are satisfied, such as when the expiration date approaches or the tablet count reaches a certain level.Important facts including the medicine's name, the required dosage, the patient's delivery address, and their phone number are all included in the call.Our Medicare Box saves patients and caregivers from the strain of manually keeping track of prescription inventories and placing orders by automating the ordering procedure for medications.It minimizes the likelihood of prescription non-adherence due to availability issues and removes the potential of drug shortages.Overall, the automated call option for ordering medications in our medicare box improves the medication management process' simplicity, effectiveness, and dependability.By providing prompt access to pharmaceuticals, it increases patient autonomy, lowers stress associated with medication use, and adds to better overall health.

System Architecture
In Figure 1 (as referenced in the diagram below), the sequence of actions unfolds as follows: Initially, the time and date are synchronized through the time client.Subsequently, the caregiver inputs medication details into the website for placement in designated slots.The process then initiates with the examination of the emergency button's status.If activated, an urgent call to the caregiver is triggered, indicating the patient's critical situation.In the absence of an emergency, the next checkpoint involves assessing whether the medication count falls below the predetermined minimum threshold.Following this , 010 (2023) E3S Web of Conferences ICMPC 2023 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20234300105959 430 evaluation, the system shifts its focus to medication reminders.These reminders encompass audible buzzer alerts and flashing LED lights, orchestrated in alignment with the specified time intervals, corresponding to slots 1, 2, 3, and 4.This structured series of actions ensures a comprehensive and timely medication management process.The flowchart in Fig. 2 illustrates reminding the patient to take a medication.The buzzer, corresponding slot red light, and ultrasonic sensors are turned on when the medication reminder first turns on.The buzzer is programmed to sound for n times.The number n determines how frequently and for how long we want to monitor whether the patient is taking their medication.
When a motion resembling medication intake is detected within the specified timeframe, a WhatsApp notification confirming "Medication taken" is dispatched to the caretaker.Alternatively, if no motion is observed within the timeframe, the flag variable is marked as inactive, prompting a WhatsApp alert notifying the caretaker of a "Missed dose."This mechanism ensures real-time communication between the patient and caretaker regarding medication adherence status.The expiration date and the number of leftover medications in the slots are taken into consideration when placing an order for new medications in Fig. 3. Let's say that the medications in the first slot are about to expire or that the number of medications in the slot is below the minimum count, in which case a call to the pharmacy is placed to place an order for the medication, along with the name of the medication, the quantity needed, the address where the order must be delivered, and the patient's phone number.The same process is applied to Slots 2, 3, and 4. Various materials are utilized in the image above.In our project, as shown in fig( 4), we use a microcontroller called the ESP 32 DEVKIT V1.The ESP32 is a robust and adaptable microcontroller module that is frequently utilized in a wide range of electronic projects.It is intended to offer an adaptable platform for creating Internet of Things (IoT) devices as well as for other applications requiring wireless connectivity and powerful computational power.Support for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth networking is one of the ESP32's standout characteristics.It has Bluetooth and Wi-Fi modules built in, which can be used to connect to wireless networks or communicate with other devices.The ESP32 is a great option for Internet of Things (IoT) applications since it enables devices to connect to the internet and communicate with one another.
A single chip called ESP 32 contains functions including Bluetooth, wifi, ethernet, and low power support.External components can be connected to the ESP 32 using its pins.According to the above diagram, ultrasonic sensors are attached to pins 2, 4, and 21, 22.There is a trigger and an echo on both ultrasonic sensors.The echo pin produces a pulse when the reflected signal is received, and the trigger is utilized to start the ultrasonic sound pulses.LEDs 1, 2, 3, and 4 are linked to pins 19, 15, 16, and 23.The pins for the emergency button (19) and the buzzer (5), respectively, are connected.The features of the product and their maximum delay are displayed in the above table.The time it takes to respond to the user after being accessed is the maximum delay.The CallmeBot API has a maximum delay of no more than one minute.Using the CallMeBot API, developers can quickly incorporate automated phone call capabilities into their programs.It offers a quick and effective method for placing phone calls and connecting callers with pre-recorded messages.Developers can trigger phone calls programmatically to any phone number worldwide using the CallMeBot API.Developers can requests to initiate phone calls with particular parameters, such as the recipient's phone number and the message to be delivered, using the API's simple interface, which is commonly implemented using HTTP requests.In conclusion, developers wishing to add automated phone call capabilities to their applications will find the CallMeBot API to be a useful option.Making phone calls, playing pre-recorded messages, and communicating with receivers are all made easier.Developers can add customized voice communication features to their applications using this API, giving users a more engaging and engaged experience.Calling for an emergency is delayed by no more than 10 seconds, and calling for a prescription is delayed by no more than 10 seconds.

. Implementation
For the implementation of our project, we adopted a practical approach.Initially, we repurposed a plastic container, outfitting it with dividers made of cardboard to serve as our medicine dispenser.The central component was the ESP32 DEVKIT V1 microcontroller, which orchestrated the system's operations.To affix essential elements like ultrasonic sensors and LED lights to the medicine dispenser, we utilized double-sided tape.Ensuring seamless functionality, we employed breadboards and connecting wires to establish the vital connections between the microcontroller and sensors.Additionally, we integrated a buzzer and push buttons to enhance user interaction.
The integrated system's functionality is noteworthy.LED lights and the buzzer are pivotal aids in medication management.They persistently operate until the user extracts the designated medication from the corresponding slot, thus facilitating accurate medication intake timing.This design especially caters to individuals with visual or hearing impairments, enhancing accessibility and usability.Overall, our innovative medicine dispenser employs a judicious blend of technology and practical elements to create a userfriendly solution for efficient and inclusive medication adherence.
To obtain real-time clock information, we have utilized libraries like NTP Client.An NTP (Network Time Protocol) client is a piece of software that enables a device or application to use the network time protocol.tohave its internal clock synchronized with a networked time server at a distance.To keep the local clock accurate and synchronized, the NTP client must query the time server and make necessary adjustments.
A trusted time server is where an NTP client gets its precise and trustworthy time information from.To accomplish this, it sends queries to the server for time synchronization and receives answers back with the server's current time.The client then determines the time difference between its local clock and the server's clock in order to make any necessary corrections.In order to update the information about the medications in the medicine box (name, expiration date, and time at which the medication is to be given), a website is used together with WiFi, ESPAsync WebServer, and HTTP Client.We have a button designated for emergencies that, when pressed, will phone a family member and inform them that the patient is experiencing a medical emergency.This app was created utilizing the IFTTT service.In case the patient forgets to take the tablet on time, we have also given a repeat button that he can press to take the prior tablet.
Additionally, we have developed an app that uses the IFTTT service to initiate a call for ordering the medication when the tablet count is low or the tablet expiration date is approaching.It will dial the patient's name, phone number, address, preferred tablet brand, and required number of tablets.We have utilized the callmebot api service to send the patient's family member reminders and acknowledgements about the medication that has to be taken and whether the patient has already taken it or not.The user interface for a medication box with four slots is shown in the diagram above.It has entry areas for the name, count, expiration date, and time of each tablet.This website allows the patient's family member or caretaker to edit the medication information in the medicine box while simultaneously updating other data in real time.This information is used to remind and assist patients in taking the right medication at the right time.It is also useful when ordering medications whose expiration dates are approaching or whose quantities are decreasing.The website's user can fill out any number of forms, from one to all of them, and the information will be updated once the submit button is pressed.

Fig.7.Whats'app notification regarding status of patient's medicine intake
The medication box transmitted notifications and acknowledgements to the caregiver or family member via WhatsApp, as seen in the screenshot above.The acknowledgement can be used to determine whether or not the patient is taking their medications, and the reminder will be useful in letting them know which box they should be taking their medication from.
The medicine box shown here features four medicine slots, ultrasonic sensors to determine whether the patient has taken the medication using distance sensing, led lights corresponding to each slot, and a buzzer.It aids patients with hearing or visual challenges in adhering to their medication schedule accurately.Supplementary functionalities of the medicine box include the emergency and repeat buttons.The repeat button allows retrieval of a missed tablet, while the emergency button promptly notifies family or caregivers in case of urgent situations.These features enhance the medicine box's utility, catering to diverse needs and ensuring timely and secure medication management.

. CONCLUSION
This document almost meets all of our expectations; we send periodic messages to the user, extra authentication while accessing the medicine box, and a safety emergency button to save lives.This project's primary goal is to assist elderly individuals who frequently forget to take their medications on time as well as people with vision and hearing impairments.The medication box operates flawlessly thanks to an ultrasonic sensor and an LED light sensor.This box is perfect for use with just a click of the button because an emergency button is included.Utilizing a dedicated application, the emergency call system and pharmacy proprietor are directly notified, connecting promptly with the respective caretaker and pharmacy owner.

Fig. 6 .
Fig.6.Website consisting of each slot's parameters which are name, count, expiry and time