Sustainably empowered crowdfunding through blockchain-enhanced security technology

. A sustainable crowdfunding smart contract is a specialized type of smart contract that empowers individuals to contribute funds towards a specific work or venture while ensuring ecological and ethical longevity. The smart contract is meticulously programmed to establish the parameters of the crowdfunding campaign, encompassing the total funds requisite for project completion, the quantity of available tokens for acquisition, campaign duration, and token valuation. In alignment with sustainable principles, the contract orchestrates the transparent collection and distribution of funds. It unequivocally designates the blockchain address for fund allocation and delineates how these funds will be equitably apportioned among the project's development team, thus promoting sustainable practices.Furthermore, the sustainable crowdfunding smart contract features a built-in mechanism to restore funds to contributors in the event that the project fails to achieve its funding target within the stipulated time frame. Upon campaign culmination, the smart contract autonomously dispenses tokens to contributors and allocates funds to the project's development team, fostering an environment of trust and accountability. This sustainable approach leverages the power of smart contracts to streamline and automate the entire process, assuring contributors that their resources will be judiciously utilized for their intended purpose. A pivotal advantage of this innovative approach lies in the elimination of intermediaries, fostering heightened security for assets through a human-intervention-free programmed process. By combining blockchain technology as the foundational backend and leveraging solidity for smart contract implementation, this sustainable solution exemplifies the pinnacle of accuracy and reliability. Through this seamless integration of technology and sustainability, the paper presents a progressive paradigm in crowdfunding that resonates with environmentally conscious and ethically mindful


Introduction
Crowdfunding is a type of contract that enables individuals to sustainably contribute funds towards a specific project or venture.But the only problem with this is that a middleman is present here.So due to this, sometimes the funds are not safe and secure.Due to human intervention, the security of funds is lessened.Crowdfunding smart contracts using blockchain technology eliminates the middlemen and makes our assertions more safe and secure.Crowdfunding using blockchain is a method of funding a project or venture without the presence of middlemen sustainably.It uses Solidity for backend processing.The whole process was transparent and of the highest accuracy.The funds are safe and secure.Ethereum network is to develop backend code of the project and react js framework is used to develop the frontend part of the project.aslike the above paper our paper also uses react js for the frontend user interface.The only limitations of this paper is that it takes high cost to build the project.This is the only difference between our project and this project.Firmansyah Ashari[1] Siddhesh Jayde, Swarup Chatto padhyay Yash Khodankar ,Dr.Nita Patil-" Decentralized Crowdfunding Platform Using Ethereum Blockchain " -International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET),2021.This paper explores the use of Ethereum blockchain technology to create a decentralized crowdfunding platform.A decentralized platform means that there is no central authority that controls the platform.This can help to reduce fraud and ensure that funds are only released to the project creator once the project has been successfully funded.The authors of the paper used the traditional crowdfunding concept and the Solidity and React js programming languages to develop their decentralized crowdfunding platform.The Solidity programming language is used to write smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain.The React js programming language is used to build user interfaces.One limitation of the paper is that it does not discuss the possibility of alterations in the entered data.This could be a potential security risk.Overall, the paper provides a valuable overview of the use of Ethereum blockchain technology to create a decentralized crowdfunding platform.The authors' findings suggest that this technology has the potential to revolutionize the way that people raise money for their projects.[2] Arjun Menon, Kaustubh Kadam, Pranav Kumar, Subash Kumar Shah-" Decentralized Crowdfunding Using Block chain"-Department of Computer Science, Sharda University ,2018.This paper explores the use of blockchain technology to create a decentralized crowdfunding platform.A decentralized platform means that there is no central authority that controls the platform.This can help to reduce fraud and ensure that funds are only released to the project creator once the project has been successfully funded.The authors of the paper used the Solidity programming language and the MetaMask Chrome extension to develop their decentralized crowdfunding platform.Solidity is a programming language that is used to write smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain.MetaMask is a Chrome extension that allows users to interact with the Ethereum blockchain.One limitation of the paper is that it does not discuss the exact use case for crowdfunding.This is because the authors are still exploring the possibilities of this technology.Overall, the paper provides a valuable overview of the use of blockchain technology to create a decentralized crowdfunding platform.The authors' findings suggest that this technology has the potential to revolutionize the way that people raise money for their projects.[3] Atluri Divija Choudary-" Role of Blockchain Technology in Crowdfunding (International Banking and Finance)"-International Conference on Management, Economics & Finance,2019.This paper explores the use of blockchain technology to create a crowdfunding platform.A blockchain is a distributed ledger that is secure and transparent.This can help to reduce fraud and ensure that funds are only released to the project creator once the project has been successfully funded.The authors of the paper used the Ethereum blockchain, the Solidity programming language, the React js programming language, and the Node js programming language to develop their crowdfunding platform.The Ethereum blockchain is a public blockchain that allows for the creation of decentralized applications (dApps).Solidity is a programming language that is used to write smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain.React js is a JavaScript library that is used to build user interfaces.Node js is a JavaScript runtime environment that is used to build server-side applications.One limitation of the paper is that it does not discuss the potential for network congestion and slow transactions on the Ethereum blockchain.This is a potential issue with any blockchain-based system, as the more users that are using the system, the more congested the network can become.This can lead to slower transaction speeds and higher transaction fees.Overall, the paper provides a valuable overview of the use of blockchain technology to create a crowdfunding platform.The authors' findings suggest that this technology has the potential to revolutionize the way that people raise money for their projects.[4] Sumit S Shevtekar, Saurabh Sahare, Pravin Warghade-" Blockchain Based Crowdfunding System"-International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews,2022.This paper proposes a method for enhancing the security of crowdfunding using blockchain and latticebased cryptography.The authors argue that blockchain can provide a secure and transparent platform for crowdfunding, while lattice-based cryptography can be used to protect user data and prevent fraud.The authors of this paper used the Rinkeby Network, Ethereum Network, and Etherscan API to implement their proposed system.The Rinkeby Network is a testnet for Ethereum, while the Ethereum Network is the main network for Ethereum.The Etherscan API is a web service that provides information about Ethereum transactions.The authors of this paper acknowledge that the system is still in its early stages and that there are some limitations.One limitation is that the value of cryptocurrency can be volatile, which could make it difficult for investors to predict the return on their investment.Overall, this paper presents a promising approach to enhancing the security of crowdfunding using blockchain and lattice-based cryptography.The authors have demonstrated that their system is able to successfully complete a crowdfunding campaign, and they have identified some potential limitations that could be addressed in future work.[5] Moiyad Kaydawala, Abhinav Pandey , Parnika Roy, Himanshu Jaroli ,Bindu Garg-" Supportroops: Crowdfunding Using Blockchain"-International journal of innovative research in technology (IJIRT),2022.Crowdfunding is a method of raising money for a project or venture by collecting small amounts of money from a large number of people.Ethereum is a blockchain-based platform that allows for the creation of decentralized applications (DApps).This paper proposes a system for crowdfunding using Ethereum that is decentralized, secure, and transparent [6].
Solidity: A programming language for writing smart contracts on Ethereum.Ethereum: A blockchain platform that allows for the execution of smart contracts.Node.js:A JavaScript runtime environment that is used to develop and deploy DApps.Mocha: A JavaScript test framework that is used to test DApps.Next.js:A React framework that is used to build web applications.
MetaMask: A browser extension that allows users to interact with Ethereum DApps.The main limitation of the proposed system is that it is technically complex.This means that it may be difficult for some people to use the system.Overall, the paper proposes a promising system for crowdfunding using Ethereum.The system is decentralized, secure, transparent, easy to use, and scalable.However, the system is technically complex, which may limit its adoption.[7] Moiyad Kaydawala, Abhinav Pandey, Parnika Roy, Himanshu Jaroli ,Bindu Garg-" Supportroops: Crowdfunding Using Blockchain" International journal of innovative research in technology (IJIRT),2022.Crowdfunding is a method of raising money for a project or venture by collecting small amounts of money from a large number of people.Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can be used to create secure and transparent transactions.This paper proposes a system for crowdfunding using blockchain that is decentralized, secure, and transparent.The system proposed in the paper uses the following technologies: • MetaMask: A browser extension that allows users to interact with Ethereum DApps.
• React js: A JavaScript framework that is used to build user interfaces.
• Node js: A JavaScript runtime environment that is used to develop and deploy DApps.• Solidity: A programming language for writing smart contracts on Ethereum.
• Ethereum Network: A public blockchain network that is used to execute smart contracts.• The proposed system is decentralized, secure, and transparent.
• The system is easy to use and can be used to raise money for a variety of projects and ventures.• The system is scalable and can be used to raise large amounts of money.The main limitations of the proposed system are: • The system is difficult to develop.
• Once data is entered, it cannot be altered.Overall, the paper proposes a promising system for crowdfunding using blockchain.The system is decentralized, secure, transparent, easy to use, and scalable.However, the system is difficult to develop and once data is entered, it cannot be altered.[7] , 010 (2023) E3S Web of Conferences ICMPC 2023 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20234300108787 430 Primavera De Filippi -" Blockchain-based Crowdfunding'-Berkman Centre for Internet & Society at Harvard Law,2020.The paper proposes a blockchain-based crowdfunding system that uses smart contracts to eliminate the need for a third party.The system is implemented using the Ethereum network, MetaMask, Next.js,React.js,Node.js, and Solidity.The system was tested and found to be secure, transparent, and efficient.However, the system does not eliminate the problem of lost tokens.This is because tokens are stored on the blockchain, and if a user loses their private key, they will lose access to their tokens.Blockchain technology can be used to create a secure, transparent, and efficient crowdfunding system.Smart contracts can be used to automate the crowdfunding process and eliminate the need for a third party.The Ethereum network is a suitable platform for implementing a blockchain-based crowdfunding system.The paper's limitations include the following: • The system does not eliminate the problem of lost tokens.
• The system is not yet widely adopted.
• The system is still under development.Overall, the paper provides a promising approach to using blockchain technology to improve the crowdfunding process.However, there are still some limitations that need to be addressed before the system can be widely adopted.[8] Md Nazmus Saadat, Syed Abdul Halim, Husna Osman, Rasheed Mohammad Nassr, Megat F. Zuhairi-" Blockchain based crowdfunding systems'-Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,2019.The paper discusses the potential of blockchain technology to revolutionize the crowdfunding industry.Crowdfunding is a way of raising money from a large number of people, typically through online platforms.Blockchain technology could make crowdfunding more efficient, transparent, and secure.The paper describes a prototype blockchain-based crowdfunding platform that uses smart contracts to automate the process of raising and distributing funds.The platform is still under development, but it has the potential to make crowdfunding more accessible and affordable for a wider range of people.The paper's limitations include the following: • Blockchain technology is still in its early stages of development.
• Blockchain-based crowdfunding platforms are not yet widely adopted.
• The value of the funds raised through blockchain-based crowdfunding platforms may be volatile due to changes in the price of cryptocurrency.Overall, the paper provides a promising overview of the potential of blockchain technology to revolutionize the crowdfunding industry.However, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed before blockchain-based crowdfunding platforms can become widely adopted.[

Methodology
In this paper, we introduced a sustainable crowdfunding smart contract using blockchain technology that enables individuals to contribute funds to a project or venture.This eliminates the middleman here and makes our assets more safe and secure.It includes the rules for how the funds will be collected and distributed.It also includes a mechanism for returning funds to participants if the software does not reach its funding goal.The whole process is automated and transparent.

3.1.Smart Contract
A sustainable self-executing contract that embeds the conditions of the agreement directly into code is known as a smart contract.Operating autonomously, it performs actions and enforces the established rules without relying on middlemen or external entities.Smart contracts, built on blockchain platforms like Ethereum, facilitate the development of decentralized applications with a focus on sustainability.

3.2.Need for smart contracts
Self-executing contracts known as "smart contracts" are kept on a blockchain.The execution of an agreement between two or more parties can be automated using them.Although smart contracts are frequently used for financial transactions, they can also be used for a wide range of other activities, including voting, supply chain management, and voting.Businesses and people are utilizing smart contracts for a variety of reasons.

Advantages:
The following are some of the main advantages of adopting smart contracts: 1.Security: A blockchain, a secure and impenetrable distributed ledger, is where smart contracts are kept.Compared to conventional contracts, which are kept on paper or in a database, these ones are significantly more secure.2.Transparency: Since smart contracts are public, anyone may view their inner workings.They are consequently considerably more open to public scrutiny than conventional contracts, which are frequently kept secret.3.Efficiency: Smart contracts have the ability to automate contract execution, which can save both money and time.

4.Immutability:
A smart contract is unchangeable once it has been implemented.Because they cannot be altered at any point by one of the parties, they are far more dependable than conventional contracts.Types of Machine Learning 5.Supervised Learning: Regression and classification models are employed to learn from a training dataset of labeled data.The learning process doesn't end until the target performance level is obtained.6.Financial services: Trade settlement is automated using smart contracts.The two can be saved in this way.7.Supply chain management: Goods movement is being tracked using smart contracts.This can make it more likely that things will arrive on schedule and in good shape.

8.Voting:
Secure and open voting systems are made possible by smart contracts.This may encourage more people to cast ballots.9.Resource Allocation: Smart contracts can ensure fair and sustainable resource allocation within projects, safeguarding against misuse and aligning with responsible resource management principles.

Disadvantages:
While smart contracts have many benefits, there are also certain drawbacks to take into account.Smart contracts have a number of significant drawbacks, including: 1.Complexity: Creating and implementing smart contracts can be challenging.This is due to the fact that they must be created using a programming language that the blockchain can comprehend.2.Security: Smart contracts are kept on a public ledger called a blockchain.This implies that anyone can view the smart contract's source code.They are hence susceptible to hacking.3.Regulation: Because smart contracts are a novel technology, they are not subject to any specific regulations.It could be challenging for firms to use them as a result.4.Lack of adaptability: Deterministic in design, smart contracts always carry out in the same manner when given the same input.This may make them rigid if the underlying circumstances alter.5.Cost: Creating and implementing smart contracts can be costly.This is especially true for intricate contracts that demand extensive coding.

6.Impact on the environment:
The mining process used to secure some blockchains, like Bitcoin, has a big impact on the environment.Some consumers who are looking for more environmentally friendly options are concerned about this.Above picture shows the interface where we can connect crypto wallets and see the campaigns.It has various buttons which makes the user experience easy and simple.Before contributing to a campaign or creating a campaign we must connect our crypto wallets.

4.2.Connect Wallet
Connecting your crypto wallet to the website to send or receive Ethereum.

4.4.Creating a campaign
For creating a campaign the user needs to fill the data about the campaign like his name ,name of the campaign ,story about the campaign ,the amount need for him and the deadline.

Conclusion and Future scope
Crowdfunding is a fantastic method to generate money sustainably for many different causes, but it can be challenging to make sure the funds are used as intended.Blockchain technology, which provides a transparent and secure method of tracking and managing money, can help alleviate this problem.All transactions made during a crowdfunding campaign using blockchain technology are recorded on a public ledger.anyone can see how the money is being spent, fraud and financial abuse are prevented.In addition, crowdfunding can become more accessible with the use of blockchain technology, opening it up to a wider range of research areas.
In general, blockchain technology has the power to transform crowdfunding by making it more accessible, safe, and transparent.We can anticipate many more cutting-edge methods to leverage blockchain for crowdfunding as the technology progresses.The following are some advantages of applying blockchain technology to crowdfunding: Security: Blockchain is a tamper-proof and secure ledger, making it incredibly impossible to hack or commit fraud.Transparency: Since every transaction on the blockchain is public, everyone can see where their money is going.Efficiency: Blockchain can assist in lowering the expenses related to crowdfunding, opening it up to a larger range of initiatives.In general, blockchain technology has the power to transform crowdfunding by making it more accessible, safe, and transparent.We can anticipate many more cutting-edge methods to leverage blockchain for crowdfunding as the technology progresses.
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