Sustainable IoT-Enabled Coma Patient Health Monitoring System

. While the patient is asleep and unable to reply, vital bodily processes like breathing and blood circulation are still largely functioning. Comas can emerge as a result of injuries like head trauma or as a side effect of underlying disorders. When the patient's recovery will occur is not predictable. These individuals require the best treatment and constant monitoring for sustainable care. In this work, patient data is continuously monitored and recorded without human intervention, contributing to a sustainable healthcare approach. Unexpected variations in the patient's usual range of physical parameters are detected, whether they are awake and blink their eyelids or experience abrupt changes in body temperature. Additionally, the system has the capability to instantly alert a medical expert, ensuring timely intervention. The inclusion of a tilt sensor allows for the detection of even subtle movements, further enhancing the ability to provide sustained monitoring. A medical professional can continuously monitor the patient's condition as it is displayed on an LCD screen, promoting sustainable and effective healthcare management.


Introduction
The Internet of Things (IoT) has evolved into a prominent headline in both specialized press and mainstream media, marking a significant stride towards sustainability.A diverse array of interconnected objects, structures, and sensors exemplify this sustainable advancement, harnessing energy efficiency improvements, device miniaturization, and streamlined connectivity to deliver previously unattainable capabilities.The imminent repercussions of the "IoT revolution" have ignited discussions and dialogues in various social forums, research articles, and news features.These dialogues encompass a wide spectrum of themes, including the emergence of sustainable commercial prospects and strategic blueprints, alongside considerations related to security, insurance implications, and specific interoperability challenges from a sustainable perspective.The pervasive adoption of IoT devices is poised to undeniably transform multiple facets of our daily lives.Consumers are being propelled towards the vision of a "smart home" through innovative IoT offerings like internet-

Corresponding Author
, 010 (2023) E3S Web of Conferences ICMPC 2023 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20234300108888 430 connected appliances, home automation components, and vital utility devices that not only amplify security but also prioritize sustainability.The propagation of essential services within human-centric organizations is undergoing a paradigm shift, catalyzed by personal IoT devices such as wearable health and wellness monitors and network-enabled medical apparatus.This sustainable progress not only benefits the elderly and differently-abled individuals but also promotes self-governance and personal fulfilment, all within an environmentally responsible framework.By amplifying the accessibility of data throughout the production value chain via specialized sensors, IoT progress holds the potential to reshape agriculture, industry, and energy generation and distribution through sustainable means.This revolutionary shift also extends to the healthcare sector, enabling the storage of medical histories on the cloud for easy and sustainable access.The architecture of this ecosystem is designed to accommodate both hospital patients and individuals undergoing remote monitoring in the privacy of their sustainable homes.
2 Literature Survey [1] This study focuses on comatose patients, who are unconscious and unable to communicate, necessitating the best treatment and constant monitoring.The research demonstrates continuous and automated monitoring of patient data without human intervention, enabling immediate alerts to medical personnel for any abrupt changes in body parameters.The system can detect irregular alterations in vital signals such as body temperature, blood pressure, and more, indicating potential unstable medical conditions.
[2] The patient's inputs are analyzed by a micro-controller board, and a user-selectable interval logs all process parameters online.This logging capability is valuable for future analyses and reviews of the patient's health, providing a comprehensive and continuous picture of their well-being.With the seamless integration of IoT and machine intelligence, healthcare stands at the brink of transformation, paving the way for improved patient care and predictive insights in medical contexts.[3] The proposed method incorporates smart sensors like temperature, heartbeat, eye blink, and SPO2 sensors to measure body temperature, coronary heart rate, eye movement, and oxygen saturation percentage.An Arduino-UNO board serves as the microcontroller, and cloud computing is utilized for data processing.Additionally, an accelerometer sensor tracks the movement of coma patients.[4] This research presents a health monitoring system for coma patients that integrates GSM and IoT technologies [5,8,9,10].The system employs four health metrics, including the LM35 temperature sensor, heartbeat sensor, accelerometer sensor, and eye blink sensor, to simultaneously monitor the patient's condition.This eliminates the need for traditional methods like using thermometers, streamlining the monitoring process.

Methodology
A health monitoring system comprises multiple sensors that are connected to the patient and transmit data via processing using Thinkspeak.In this project, Node MCU functions as both a processor and a data junction node.Either the doctor's PC or the patient's smartphone is utilized as a monitoring tool.The sensors are employed to measure the patient's health parameters [5,6,10], which are subsequently converted into readings and signals.

Arduino Uno
The Arduino Uno is a widely used microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 chip.It offers 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, a crystal oscillator, USB connection, power jack, ICSP header, and a reset button.Power can be supplied via USB or an external source like an AC-to-DC adapter or battery, with a recommended voltage range of 7 to 12 volts for stability and to prevent damage.

Fig.3.Arduino Uno board Tilt Sensor
A tilt sensor is a type of sensor that detects changes in orientation or tilt.It is designed to measure the inclination of an object with respect to the Earth's gravitational field.The sensor typically consists of a small, sensitive mechanism that can detect even slight movements and changes in angle.The tilt sensor operates based on the principle of gravity.Inside the sensor, there is a mechanism that consists of a conductive element and two contacts.When the sensor is in a horizontal or level position, the conductive element bridges the two contacts, completing an electrical circuit.

Arduino Software:
The Arduino integrated development environment (or Arduino IDE software) includes a code creation tool, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with normal capture, and menu advancement.It communicates with the Arduino and Genuino equipment and transfers programmes.Sketches are composed projects that use the Arduino Software (IDE).These photos were created using the content tool and are not part of the record extension.(.ino).The proofreader highlights the information and cuts bonds and searches / supplements it.The message zone is important in sparing and trading since it shows errors.According to the title, the outcome of the intelligent health monitoring system is incredibly beneficial to both patients and doctors.The patient can check his or her health from home and attend hospitals only when absolutely necessary.This is possible by utilising our technology, the results of which are accessible online and from anywhere in the world.It came from everywhere.Because this is a prototype, our system displays and emulates near real-time values of many health metrics in the real world.Doctors can also use the patient's body data to examine the influence of medicine and other such concerns.Thing Speak Database is our Cloud Database Server, where we can see the patient's body temperature and pulse rate.

RESULT AND ANALYSIS
This is the final kit produced.For its implementation,first we need to switch on the power supply.When power supply is on the current flows through transformer and the power supply section resulting in switching on of the leds on the board.simultaneouslywe also see the normal condition output on the LCD.To observe the total working of the system ,we need to connect the esp 32 with wifi and see the output in thinkspace server.Wearing the sensors displays the message on to LCD and if abnormal email will be sent to doctor.

Conclusion and Future scope
The IoT (Internet of Things) and cloud computing serve as the cornerstones of our system.We may safely store data, guaranteeing its permanence, sustainability, and accessibility from anywhere, by utilising cloud computing.We can now track real-time changes and information about patients thanks to this.In an emergency, medical professionals can communicate with patients remotely, respond quickly, and administer medication based on their health data.This makes physical presence unnecessary and enables prompt intervention.Additionally, the system creates graphs showing how the patient's status changes and alerts the doctor by SMS in case of an emergency.This configuration is especially useful for hospitals in remote areas and small towns with few medical facilities.Furthermore, both at home and in the hospital, patient privacy is preserved.Overall, patient care has been significantly improved because of this health monitoring system.
These signals are processed by Node MCU.The information is then shown on a monitor by Node MCU, who also uses IoT to store it in the cloud.The doctor can view this information on his , 010 (2023) E3S Web of Conferences ICMPC 2023 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20234300108888 430phone or computer and receive notifications.Additionally, if any aberrant data is found, there is a facility to alert the doctor or patient care provider by message.The workflow is as follows: the sensors' readings are shown on the monitor and stored in the cloud for further use.

Fig. 1 .
Fig.1.Block diagram of the proposed system