Lora Technology for Flood Monitoring and Warn System

. Flooding is the most frequent natural disaster that has an impact on humans. There is a history of widespread damage from floods. The organizations and competent authorities use a variety of sophisticated techniques to track the flood level in areas with a high risk of flooding. The majority of these devices are quite expensive to use and maintain. In the proposed system, data from sensors including those measuring water level, water flow, and ultrasonic sensor can be sent to the cloud using a GSM device. If environmental condition threshold values rise, a warning message will be sent to the relevant authorities, who will then inform the residents of the flood-prone area. With the aid of such a system, both commercial and public organizations can develop their flood mitigation strategies before the situation worsens. The most widely used mobile messaging platform, the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), is used to send the SMS to the villages as a warning simultaneously a buzzer will ring which is placed in every village of the flood-prone area. This buzzer will work with the technology of LoRa transceiver, which had a long range of communication.


Introduction
This project is being carried out to protect the populace from the dangers posed by floods, which every year do significant damage to property.In this project, we are developing a field unit that will be positioned along the riverbanks as part of an early flood warning system.This field unit is made up of a number of sensors that continuously collect data and send it to a Wi-Fi node that is linked to a LoRa network.Once the data has been received, it will be transmitted to the Blynk server, where a decision will be made and the appropriate alert will be delivered to the appropriate persons.The alerting system we offer includes a number of alerting techniques, including audio alerts, notifications through SMS, alerts to the registered cellphone phones.This autonomous flood alerting system operates in real time, allowing people to make decisions in advance and the government to assist in evacuating citizens to safe areas, sparing many lives and valuable property.The hooter begins warning when the flood reaches a critical stage, uploading the information to social media platforms and sending notifications (SMS text messages) to the registered mobile numbers as well.As dry seasons and floods become more frequent, a tremendous hazard is created that cannot be completely avoided but must be managed.Storm water that is overused will probably be diverted to areas with a water scarcity.Additionally, this would help with the expansion of hydropower, the capacity of irrigation, and the eradication of provincial inconsistencies.Because they can quickly send a sizable amount of water downstream, dams have the potential to turn into a weapon of fear rather than the refuge of progress that they are meant to be.Given this situation and the fact that it keeps happening, it is necessary to legitimately dam the executive structure.In this project, an IOT-based dam board structure is being created to stop floods brought on by carelessly opened and closed dam entryways.The first entryway pace is decided upon after an attempt is made to measure the temperature, wetness, water level, and presence of humidity.

Formatting the title, authors and affiliations
The following are the related works that we consulted in order to develop the prototype.An architecture that uses three D-LINK Dir-600 LEDs with red, yellow, and green lights to indicate the top level of the container, an acceptable level, and a safe level, respectively, has been proposed by Pickering P [1].Hernandez Nolasco, J. A. Ovando, M. A. Acosta, and F. D. Pancardo have presented an architecture that uses the ultrasonic sensor Parallax PING to detect changes in water level.The ultrasonic bursts that a sensor emits bounce off the water and reveal the water level, which may be shared on Facebook and other social media sites [2].Hernandez Nolasco J. A. Pancardo, Wister M. A., and Acosta F. D. Since this architecture is based on a PIR sensor, Jara produced a proposal geared towards the security area in order to detect the presence of a person or any visitor and warn them about the flooding [3].NasimuzzamannM.Shiblee ChowdharyIt was determined that the environment may affect or benefit the data transfer, depending on the characteristics of the place, and in its results, it states that it did not obtain a data transfer at distances greater than 1600m [4,5].Nooman, M. Sarkar proposed a monitoring system focused on floods is exposed, since sensor networks are used topographically distributed along a body of water, we can see the potential of the LoRa communication protocol.A development using LoRa communication was reported by Sakib S N, Ane T Matin N, and Kaiser M Shave with the aim of designing an architecture for the control and monitoring of water flow and level [6].They gather and process the data through simulations in real time as early warning systems using computer tools and simulations can be carried out.The SCADA system, which visualizes, controls, and collects data on the operation being carried out, does the real-time data acquisition and monitoring [7].Monagas and M. G. Sistema highlighted the interest in testing communication protocols because they are particularly alluring for businesses and have excellent transmission ranges.On the free hardware plates, interactive environments can be created, such as seeing the gathered data that can be seen using electronic devices with a wide field of view [8].The ZigBee communication protocol has been suggested for implementation by Neumann P, Montavont J, and Noel J due to its 1kilometer range for each node.This architecture features a network of sensors that are connected to a server, which then communicates the data to nearby devices [9].In the system alert to test the water level, they have demonstrated how to measure the water level in ponds such that it gives the impression that they are using an instrument.In this instance, they have utilized an ultrasonic meter.Its technology solution consists of two units, one local and one remote, both built using the BS2p microcontroller and installed at the site of interest [10].The versatility of the Raspberry Pi has been demonstrated by Ibrahim M. Elgamri, A Babiker, and S. Mohamed A. Its environmental monitoring proposal measures how pure the air is, environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and brightness, as well as flood alerts [11].Based on remote sensing and wireless sensor networks, using UDP based on Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth, and HTTP to obtain data about the environment.The Internet of Things (IoT) offers a virtual view using the internet protocol and wireless sensor networks (WSN) to access the status of the location of any device, however WSN use may not always be able to cover a large area [12,13].The IEEE802 15.4/Zigbee wireless sensor module, an Arduino microcontroller, and an ethernet or wireless network.Instant alert messages can view the local weather forecast can be received on phones via SMS or Gmail [14].The most recent contribution includes a microcontroller, GSM module, and AT MEGA 2560.Instead of concentrating on the flood hotspot area, the portable sensor approach makes use of the fixed point of dam monitoring [15].

Existing System
Every year, there are more flood-related fatalities in various parts of our nation.In Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, a flood happened two years ago, resulting in minimal damage and lives loss.Living areas close to riverbanks and areas downstream are more severely affected by flooding than other areas.In order to give them enough time to immediately leave, they must be informed far sooner.For instance, after the 2015 Chennai flood, bogus news was circulated, A fake message that said two lakes had burst and Chennai was cut off from the other districts caused concern among commuters, especially those who were trapped on the busy Mount Road on Monday night for long periods of time.We require an authorized warning mechanism to prevent this situation.Such information is provided by our system so that people can avoid fake news.Additionally, the system uses voice calls because they are advantageous for those who cannot read text messages.

Proposed System
Flooding is the most frequent natural disaster that has an impact on humans.There is a history of widespread damage from floods.The organization and competent authorities use a variety of sophisticated techniques to track the flood level in areas with a high risk of flooding.The majority of these devices are quite expensive to use and maintain.In the proposed system, data from sensors including those measuring water level, water flow, and ultrasonic sensor can be sent to the cloud using an IOT device.If environmental condition threshold values rise, a warning message will be sent to the relevant residents and simultaneously a buzzer will ring which is placed in every village of the flood-prone area.This buzzer will work with the technology of LoRa transceiver, which had a long range of communication with the aid of such a system, both commercial and public organizations can develop their flood mitigation strategies before the situation worsens.The most widely used mobile messaging platform, the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), is used to send the SMS to the village people as a warning and buzzer also warn the people in every village people for who didn't have the mobile phones.

Methodology
Flooding is one of the most frequent natural disasters in the world.Despite the fact that we can accurately predict rainfall and follow storm trajectories using satellite imagery, making informed decisions about the steps that must be taken to avert floods depends on real-time monitored data such as flow, precipitation level, or water level.Flood monitoring and forecasting are essential to controlling flood damage costs since flood damage costs are significantly connected with the amount of warning time offered prior to a flood event.
There are various sorts of floods, including: Flash floods, which are swiftly flowing waters that submerge everything in their path.Strong rain or a fast thawing of the snow triggers them.Flash floods often last less than six hours, cover a small area, and occur with little to no notice.The swift water torrents can carry large objects like cars, rocks, and trees.Coastal floods are brought on by storms that are approaching the coast while the tide is high.High waves that break the dune or dike along the coast frequently flood the area.River floods are characterized by successive riverbank overflows brought on by massive amounts of water, with the hardest damaged being the coastal districts with the fewest defenses and the lowest elevations.The size of the river and the amount of water in the river's precipitation determine the area that floods during river events.River flooding can result in severe financial damage even though fatalities are rare.Urban flooding incidents that occur when the sewage infrastructure in a city or town cannot handle a heavy downpour.Lack of a drainage infrastructure in a city can also result in flooding.The street is flooded, making driving very dangerous.Even with only a few inches of water depth, urban floods are still capable of causing significant damage.When the soil cannot absorb rainwater, pluvial floods take place in flat areas, creating ponds and pools.Pluvial flooding, which mostly affects cities, is comparable to urban flooding, which primarily affects rural places.Properties and agricultural operations in pluvial flood-prone areas could sustain serious damage.A clever system called the "Early Flood Detection and Avoidance System" monitors a number of different aspects of natural occurrences in order to forecast floods.Natural catastrophes like flooding and others can be deadly, resulting in property loss and even fatalities.The technology detects floods by examining a number of natural parameters in an effort to lessen or completely avoid the effects of the flood.Because the system is Wi-Fi connected, government officials can access the acquired data utilizing IoT from any location.To identify a flood, the system keeps an eye on a number of environmental factors, such as rainfall, water level, and flow rate.The system consists of many sensors that gather information on individual traits in order to get information on the natural elements mentioned above.In order to collect information about the water level and water flow from the dam and rivers, water level and water flow sensors are put at various locations across the river and dam.Based on this knowledge, floods are anticipated to occur.The development and construction of an internet of thingsbased flood monitoring and detection system is the primary goal of this endeavor.The major objective is to develop a system for early flood detection that will notify the local government unit and the public about floods and automatically identify them.The specific objectives of this effort include determining the present water level in rivers at various sites, predicting river water levels, alerting citizens to impending flooding, and informing government officials of the situation.Floods are a type of natural calamity that significantly damage both property and human life.A flood happens when the water level exceeds the necessary level.By introducing an early flood detection method, this system can assist in minimizing the damage brought on by floods.The goal of this telemetry-based project is to monitor the flood situation as soon as possible.If there is a risk, a warning will be posted on a website under the supervision of the government so that people may avoid making erroneous assumptions.The notification can be read globally thanks to GSM.An ultrasonic sensor connected to the microprocessor measures the water quality in dams or rivers and transmits the information to the microcontroller.The LoRa uses aGSM module to send the SMS notification and also ring the buzzers which are place in every village of flood prone areas.

Fig. 2. Gsm Module
The suggested system's main goal is to give information on the current water level in aspecific area, like a river or dam.The technology notifies the user with an alarm when the water level rises above the critical threshold.
In this study, an advanced sensor that is constructed with the aid of IoT technology is coupled to a smart flood detection system.Given that the values are displayed in the LCD display, it is a simple gadget that anyone can use.If there is a change in the water level in

Results
We have uploaded our data in the ThinkSpeak and we got the following graphs as output.From the figure 3, We can observe the graph that the graph is showing us the data about the level of the water.As per our project experiment, we have set a threshold limit value for the water level sensor.So that if the water level goes up to 400inches then the graph will show a dotted red line.In our testing on a particular day, we observed the level of the water goes beyond the threshold limit at certain time which are clearly shown in the above given graph.From the figure 4, The graph is indicating about the distance of water which is nearer to the ultrasonic sensor.It gives us brief information about the distance of water at particular time, If the water level is increasing then the distance will get decreased so we can say that water level is indirectly proportional to the distance of water near ultrasonic sensor From figure 7, The date of temperature is shown in the graph which is indicating that, If the temperature is getting low i.e., as per or project requirement we have given the highest limit of temperature as 190 Fahrenheit.So, the graph is giving us information about temperature level in atmosphere so as to calculate the water level.If the temperature is low then rain may occur the level of water increases.By this we can say that temperature is indirectly proportional to water level.Therefore, there are our observations obtained in a graph.

Conclusion
Hence, the graphs will give the information about the water level, distance and temperature when the water level crosses the threshold level the message is received and buzzer will alert the village people about the water level.This work sheds insight on the potential for developing an alarm system to reduce the risk of flooding.A firm or authority, like a fire department, may also benefit from it.In the event of a calamity, the government has established a state agency to assist the populace.The proposed prototype system has undergone extensive testing and has proven to function as expected.In order to forecast how high the water will rise quickly if a flood is occurring, it can send the user an alert message and also a buzzer warn that includes both the moment at which the water is rising and the rate at which it is rising.Additionally, it has been tested in a controlled setting to assess how effectively it functions.In the actual world, a variety of sensors, including a pressure sensor and a camera, may be employed for precise detection.
/doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20234300116868 430 the dam, the user is reminded by receiving a notification through an Android application.It is possible to lessen the damage caused by a flood by discovering it in time.