Framework for Adoption of Clean Energy Products in Urban Areas

: Urban development and clean energy are two crucial components of sustainable development. Cities around the world are facing increasing pressure to reduce their carbon footprint and ensure that they are equipped to meet the energy needs of their growing populations. The use of clean energy for urban development has become an important topic of discussion as it presents a unique opportunity to address both of these challenges simultaneously. The present paper focuses on various aspects such as the benefits for transition to adopt clean energy, developing a framework for adoption of clean energy products for urban areas, possible clean energy products and to understand the satisfaction level of the consumers using the clean energy products in the urban areas of Bhubaneswar, Odisha.


Introduction
In recent years, the use of clean energy has become an increasingly important issue for urban development.As the world's population continues to grow and urbanisation intensifies, cities are consuming more energy than ever before.However, the energy sources that have traditionally powered citiessuch as fossil fuelsare environmentally damaging and contribute to climate change.Therefore, it is essential for cities to transition to clean energy sources to ensure a sustainable future (UN, 2015).Clean energy refers to sources of energy that produce little or no greenhouse gas emissions and have a minimal impact on the * Corresponding author: shivsankar.das@cutm.ac.in environment.These include renewable sources of energy such as solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and biomass.Urban development, on the other hand, involves the planning and design of cities to ensure that they are liveable , sustainable, and equitable (Das et al., 2020).

Benefits for Transition to Adopt Clean Energy
One of the main benefits of clean energy is its positive impact on the environment (Tiwari and Mishra, 2011).Fossil fuel combustion releases harmful gases into the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide, which contribute to global warming and air pollution.In contrast, clean energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower produce no harmful emissions and have a significantly lower carbon footprint (Sovacool, 2012).By investing in clean energy, cities can reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to global efforts to combat climate change.The use of clean energy for urban development has several benefits.Firstly, it reduces the carbon footprint of cities, which is essential for combating climate change.According to the International Energy Agency, cities account for around 70% of global carbon emissions.By transitioning to clean energy sources, cities can significantly reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to the global effort to mitigate climate change.Secondly, clean energy can help cities to meet their growing energy needs sustainably.As urban populations continue to grow, so does the demand for energy.Traditional sources of energy such as coal and oil are finite and contribute to environmental degradation.Clean energy sources, on the other hand, are renewable and can be harnessed to meet the energy needs of cities without depleting natural resources.Thirdly, the use of clean energy can promote economic development and job creation.The renewable energy sector is rapidly growing, and cities that invest in clean energy can benefit from the economic opportunities that arise.The installation and maintenance of clean energy infrastructure can create jobs and stimulate local economies.
In order to promote the use of clean energy for urban development, cities can take several steps.Firstly, they can set clean energy targets and develop policies to encourage the adoption of clean energy.This could include incentives for households and businesses that install renewable energy systems, regulations requiring new buildings to incorporate renewable energy sources, and subsidies for renewable energy projects.Secondly, cities can invest in clean energy infrastructure, such as solar panels, wind turbines, and hydropower plants.They can also explore innovative solutions such as micro-grids and energy storage systems, which can help to integrate clean energy into the grid and ensure a reliable supply of energy.
Finally, cities can work to raise awareness and build support for clean energy among their residents.This could involve educational campaigns to inform people about the benefits of clean energy and the steps they can take to reduce their energy consumption.Cities can also engage with community groups and local businesses to build partnerships and promote the adoption of clean energy.
Adoption of clean energy utilities also presents economic benefits for urban development.The use of clean energy products can reduce a city's dependence on fossil fuels and their associated price volatility.Moreover, clean energy technologies are becoming increasingly cost-competitive, making them an attractive option for businesses and homeowners.Cities can benefit from increased energy security, reduced energy costs, and improved air quality, all of which contribute to a healthier and more sustainable economy (Weinthal, 2015).
In addition to the environmental and economic benefits, the use of clean energy can also enhance the social sustainability of cities. Clean energy projects are now creating jobs and stimulating economic growth, particularly in underserved communities.Moreover, clean energy sources can reduce the health impacts of air pollution, particularly in low-income neighbourhoods that are often located near polluting industries.Access to clean energy can also improve the quality of life for residents by providing reliable, affordable energy that supports a range of social services, such as healthcare and education.
There are several strategies that cities can use to promote the use of clean energy for urban development.For example, cities can adopt policies that incentivise the use of clean energy sources, such as tax credits, grants, and subsidies.Cities can also require new buildings to meet energy efficiency standards and incorporate renewable energy technologies like solar panels or geothermal heating and cooling systems.Additionally, cities can partner with utilities and private companies to develop community solar or wind projects that provide affordable energy to residents.

Framework for Adoption of Clean Energy Products in Urban Areas
Adoption of clean energy products and services in urban areas can be a complex process that requires a systematic approach.An attempt has been made to devise a framework for the adoption of clean energy products in urban areas.The first step in the diffusion of clean energy products is to identify the target market.This involves understanding the needs and preferences of potential customers, as well as their willingness and ability to pay for clean energy products.Once the target market has been identified, a market analysis should be conducted to assess the size of the market, the competition, and the regulatory environment.Based on the market analysis, a marketing strategy should be developed that outlines the key messages, channels, and tactics that will be used to promote clean energy products to potential customers.To facilitate the diffusion of clean energy products, partnerships should be established with key stakeholders such as local governments, utilities, and community organizations.These partnerships can help to provide access to funding, technical assistance, and other resources.Financing mechanisms should be developed that make clean energy products affordable and accessible to customers.This could include options such as loans, grants, rebates, and tax incentives.Training and education programs should be developed to help customers understand the benefits of clean energy products and how to use them effectively.To ensure that the diffusion of clean energy products is successful, a monitoring and evaluation program should be established that tracks progress and measures outcomes.This can help to identify areas where improvements can be made and ensure that the program is meeting its goals.Overall, the framework for the adoption of clean energy products in urban areas should be tailored to the specific needs and characteristics of the target market.By following a systematic approach that involves market analysis, marketing, partnerships, financing, training, and evaluation, it is possible to successfully promote the adoption of clean energy products in urban areas and contribute to a more sustainable future.

Use of Clean Energy Products in Urban Households
Solar energy has become an increasingly popular source of renewable energy for modern housing infrastructure.Solar energy is a clean and renewable source of energy that can help reduce our dependence on non-renewable sources of energy like fossil fuels, while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change.One of the most common ways to use solar energy in modern housing infrastructure is through the installation of solar panels on rooftops (Lay et al., 2013).These panels can convert sunlight into electricity, which can then be used to power homes, appliances, and other devices.In some cases, excess energy can be stored in batteries for use at a later time.The next subsection focuses on some of the clean energy products which can be operated through solar energy.

Use of Solar Energy in Heating Water
Solar energy can also be used to heat water.Solar water heaters use the energy from the sun to heat water, which can then be used for domestic purposes like showering and washing clothes (Vaghela, 1993).This can help reduce energy costs and lower carbon emissions.In addition to these direct uses of solar energy, modern housing infrastructure can also incorporate passive solar design features.Passive solar design involves using the natural heat from the sun to warm homes in the winter, while shading and cooling them in the summer.This can help reduce the need for heating and cooling systems, which can be energy-intensive and expensive to operate.
Overall, the use of solar energy in modern housing infrastructure has the potential to reduce energy costs, lower carbon emissions, and contribute to a more sustainable future.As solar technology continues to advance and become more affordable, it is likely that we will see even more widespread adoption of solar power in homes and other buildings.

Use of Solar Energy in Refrigeration
Solar-operated refrigeration has the potential to support the growth and development of entrepreneurship, especially in areas where access to reliable electricity is limited.In many developing countries, the lack of reliable electricity can be a major barrier to economic growth and development.By using solar power to operate refrigeration systems, entrepreneurs can store and preserve perishable goods like food and medicines, allowing them to sell these goods over a longer period of time.For example, small-scale farmers in rural areas often face challenges in storing and transporting their produce to market due to the lack of refrigeration facilities.With the use of solar-powered refrigeration units, farmers can store their produce on-site and transport it to market when it is most profitable, reducing waste and increasing income.Similarly, small business owners in remote areas can use solarpowered refrigeration to store and sell cold drinks, snacks, and other perishable goods.This can help to increase their revenue and provide additional employment opportunities in the community (Sankar Das et al., 2022).
In addition, the use of solar-powered refrigeration can also have environmental benefits by reducing the use of fossil fuels for refrigeration purposes.This can contribute to lower greenhouse gas emissions and a cleaner environment.Overall, the use of solar-powered refrigeration has the potential to support the growth and development of entrepreneurship, especially in areas where access to reliable electricity is limited.By providing a reliable source of refrigeration, solar-powered systems can help entrepreneurs increase their income, reduce waste, and contribute to economic growth and development in their communities (Pati & Garud, 2011).

Use of Solar Energy in Bio-Medical Equipment's
Solar-operated bio-medical equipment has the potential to provide significant health benefits, particularly in remote or underdeveloped areas where access to reliable electricity is limited.Many bio-medical devices require a constant and reliable source of power to operate effectively, and solar power can provide a solution to this problem.Solar-powered biomedical equipment can be used in a variety of settings, including rural clinics, mobile health units, and disaster relief situations.For example, solar-powered blood banks can provide a reliable source of refrigeration for blood and other medical supplies, ensuring that they remain viable and effective for longer periods of time.
Solar-powered medical equipment can also be used for diagnostic purposes, such as solarpowered ultrasound machines and X-ray machines.These devices can help diagnose and treat illnesses and injuries, even in areas where access to electricity is limited or unreliable.In addition, solar-powered medical devices can be used for therapeutic purposes, such as solarpowered phototherapy machines for treating neonatal jaundice, which is a common condition in newborns.
Overall, the use of solar-powered bio-medical equipment can help to improve access to healthcare in remote or underdeveloped areas, and can provide critical support during disaster relief efforts.By providing a reliable source of power for bio-medical equipment, solar power can help to save lives and improve health outcomes in communities around the world.

Use of Solar Energy in 3D Printing
A solar-powered 3D printing machine would require a solar panel system to generate electricity to power the printer.The solar panel system would need to be able to generate enough electricity to power the printer, as well as any additional components such as motors, cooling fans, and computer systems.The printer itself would need to be designed with energy efficiency in mind.This would involve minimizing the power consumption of components such as motors, heaters, and cooling fans, as well as using energy-efficient LED lighting for the print bed and build area.The printer could be designed to be portable, with a rugged and lightweight frame that can be easily transported to remote locations.It could also include a battery backup system to provide power during periods of low solar generation or when the printer is not in direct sunlight.
In terms of the printing process, the printer could use a variety of 3D printing technologies, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) or stereolithography (SLA).The printer would need to be able to handle a wide range of materials, including plastics, metals, and ceramics.The printer could also include software that allows for remote control and monitoring, which would be useful in remote locations where technicians may not be available to maintain the printer.Overall, the design of a solar-powered 3D printing machine would require careful consideration of energy efficiency, portability, and functionality.Such a machine would have the potential to revolutionize manufacturing in remote and underserved communities, while also contributing to a more sustainable future.

Use of Solar Energy in Washing Machine
A solar-powered washing machine is a washing machine that is powered by solar energy instead of electricity from the grid.Solar-powered washing machines work by using solar panels to convert sunlight into electrical energy, which is then used to power the washing machine.Using of a solar-powered washing machine comes with some benefits such as energy-efficient solar-powered washing machines are energy-efficient and use renewable energy sources, which helps to reduce the carbon footprint of the household.Solar-powered washing machines can help to reduce energy bills, as they do not rely on grid electricity.This can be particularly beneficial in areas where electricity costs are high.Solar-powered washing machines are environmentally friendly and help to reduce the use of fossil fuels, which are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions.Solar-powered washing machines are often designed to be portable and can be used in areas without access to grid electricity, such as rural areas or during camping trips.Solar-powered washing machines are generally easy to maintain and have fewer moving parts than traditional washing machines.This can help to reduce maintenance costs over time.Solar panels used in solar-powered washing machines have a long lifespan, which means that they can be used for many years without needing to be replaced.
Overall, solar-powered washing machines offer several benefits over traditional washing machines.By using renewable energy sources such as solar power, households can reduce their dependence on fossil fuels, lower the energy bills, and contribute to a more sustainable future.

Use of Solar Energy in Air Conditioning
Solar air conditioning is a type of air conditioning system that is powered by solar energy instead of electricity from the grid.Solar air conditioning systems work by using solar panels to convert sunlight into electrical energy, which is then used to power the air conditioning system.Solar air conditioning systems are energy-efficient and use renewable energy sources, which helps to reduce the carbon footprint of the household.Solar air conditioning can help to reduce energy bills, as they do not rely on grid electricity.This can be particularly beneficial in areas where electricity costs are high.The product is environmentally friendly and helps to reduce the use of fossil fuels, which are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions.Since the solar panels used in solar air conditioning systems have a long lifespan, which means that they can be used for many years without needing to be replaced.Solar air conditioning systems are often quieter than traditional air conditioning systems, which can be beneficial for households located in urban areas.Solar air conditioning systems can be While solar air conditioning systems can be more expensive to install than traditional air conditioning systems, they can help to reduce energy bills over time and have a lower environmental impact.By using renewable energy sources such as solar power, households and businesses can reduce their dependence on fossil fuels, lower their energy bills, and contribute to a more sustainable future.
A solar air conditioning system involves several steps, including determining the cooling requirements of the building, selecting appropriate equipment, designing the solar power system, and integrating the components into a functioning system.The first step in designing a solar air conditioning system is to determine the cooling requirements of the building.This involves calculating the heat load of the building, which takes into account factors such as the size of the building, the number of occupants, and the amount of sunlight that enters the building.Once the cooling requirements of the building have been determined, the next step is to select appropriate equipment for the system.This includes selecting an air conditioner that is compatible with solar power, as well as selecting appropriate solar panels and inverters.The next step is to design the solar power system that will be used to power the air conditioning system.This involves selecting the appropriate size and number of solar panels, as well as selecting an appropriate inverter and battery system to store excess solar energy.Once the equipment and solar power system have been selected, the next step is to integrate the components into a functioning system.This involves installing the solar panels, connecting the panels to the inverter and battery system, and connecting the air conditioning unit to the solar power system.Once the system has been installed, it is important to test the system to ensure that it is functioning properly.This involves testing the solar power system to ensure that it is generating enough power to run the air conditioning unit, as well as testing the air conditioning unit to ensure that it is providing sufficient cooling.Overall, designing a solar air conditioning system requires careful planning and attention to detail.By selecting appropriate equipment and designing an efficient solar power system, it is possible to create a system that is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

Use of Solar Energy in Ovens
A solar-powered oven is powered by solar energy instead of electricity from the grid.Solarpowered oven work by using solar panels to convert sunlight into electrical energy, which is then used to power the machine.Designing a solar oven involves several steps, including selecting appropriate materials, designing the shape and size of the oven, and assembling the components.The first step in designing a solar oven is to select appropriate materials.The oven should be made of a material that is lightweight, durable, and has good insulation properties.Some common materials used to make solar ovens include cardboard, aluminium foil, and reflective insulation material.The next step is to design the shape and size of the solar oven.The oven should be designed in a way that maximises its exposure to sunlight and allows for efficient heating.A common design for a solar oven is a box shape with a glass or plastic lid.To maximise the oven's exposure to sunlight, the inside of the oven should be lined with reflective material.Aluminium foil or reflective insulation material can be used for this purpose.To improve the efficiency of the solar oven, it should be insulated to prevent heat from escaping.This can be done by lining the inside of the oven with foam insulation or by adding a layer of insulation material around the outside of the oven.To trap the heat inside the oven, a glass or plastic lid should be added to the top of the oven.The lid should be transparent to allow sunlight to enter the oven and heat the food.Once the oven has been assembled, it is important to test the oven to ensure that it is working properly.This involves placing food inside the oven and monitoring the temperature to ensure that it reaches a safe cooking temperature.
Overall, designing a solar oven requires careful selection of materials and attention to detail.By designing an efficient oven that maximizes exposure to sunlight and prevents heat from escaping, it is possible to create an oven that is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

Use of Solar Energy in Induction Heater
Designing a solar-operated induction heater involves several steps, including selecting appropriate components, designing the electrical system, and assembling the components.The first step in designing a solar-operated induction heater is to select appropriate components.This includes selecting an induction heating coil, a solar panel, battery, and charge controller that are capable of powering the heater.The next step is to design the electrical system that will be used to power the induction heater.This involves selecting appropriate wiring and fuses to ensure that the electrical system is safe and reliable, as well as selecting an appropriate charge controller to regulate the flow of power from the solar panel to the battery.Once the induction heating coil, solar panel, battery, and electrical system components have been selected, the next step is to integrate the components into a functioning system.This involves installing the solar panel and battery, connecting the charge controller and electrical components, and connecting the induction heating coil to the electrical system.Once the system has been assembled, it is important to test the system to ensure that it is functioning properly.This involves testing the solar power system to ensure that it is generating enough power to operate the induction heater, as well as testing the induction heater to ensure that it is working properly.
Overall, designing a solar-operated induction heater requires careful planning and attention to detail.By selecting appropriate components, designing an efficient electrical system, and integrating the components into a functioning system, it is possible to create an induction heater that is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly.The solar-operated induction heater can be used for various applications such as heating water, cooking food, and industrial purposes (Mavuri, 2011).

Methodology, Results and Discussion
In this study, data was collected from the respondents using the clean energy products like solar operated water heater, refrigeration systems, solar operated oven and solar operated induction heater.The products were manufactured by SELCO foundation and a pilot survey was undertaken.The geographical scope was limited to the urban areas of Bhubaneswar, Odisha.A purposive sampling method was used.Data was collected from 50 respondents using any of the above mentioned clean energy product.A questionnaire was developed to understand the satisfaction level of the consumers using the above clean energy products.From figure 03 it was found that 52% of the respondents purchase the clean energy product less than 6 months.24% of the respondents purchase the clean energy product between 6 months to 12 months.Similarly, 18% and 12% of the respondents purchased the clean energy product between 12-18 months and 18-24 months respectively.The time line of the purchase ranged from April 2021 to April 2023.Were you Satisfied with Price of CEP?
Were you Satisfied with Ease of Use of CEP?
Were you Satisfied with After-Sales of CEP?
Were you Satisfied with the Availability Aspect of CEP?

Percentage Satisfaction Survey Questions
Strongly Disagree (%) Disagree (%) From figure 05 it was found that 58% of the respondents strongly agree that they were satisfied with the ease of use of the clean energy product.48% of the respondents strongly agree that they were satisfied with the quality of the clean energy product they used.42% of the respondents strongly agree that they were satisfied with the pricing aspect of the clean energy product they used.32% of the respondents strongly agree that they were satisfied with the after-sales service provided and 46% of the respondents strongly agree that they were satisfied with the availability aspect of the clean energy product.
Aside from the aforementioned findings, respondents proposed several measures for the use of clean energy products.It entails the development of service centres, the availability of service experts, the availability of replacement parts, and the purchase of products via simple financing alternatives.These steps must be made in order for the region to accept clean energy products.

Conclusion
The use of clean energy for urban development presents an opportunity for cities to address the challenges of climate change, energy security, and economic development simultaneously.By investing in renewable energy infrastructure and promoting the adoption of clean energy products, cities can create more sustainable and liveable communities for their residents.The transition to clean energy will not be easy, but it is essential for building a more sustainable future.

Figure 02 :
Figure 02: Pie chart showing main source of income

Figure 03 :
Figure 03: Bar chart showing period of purchase

Figure 04 :
Figure 04: Bar chart showing period of usage