Improvement of rural territories in the Vologda region

. Creation and improvement of a comfortable, environmentally friendly and aesthetically rich environment of tourist areas is of great importance both in large cities and rural areas. The paper aims at the development of a project for the improvement and landscaping of the KupecheskyDvorik public territory in Ustye village (Vologda region, the Russian Federation). Ustye village is a tourist center of the region, so it is important to create an attractive image of the city for tourists. In the course of work, the improvement and landscaping of a public territory was conducted; an assortment of trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation was selected; trees and shrubs were planted as long as a lawn and flowerbeds. In accordance with the developed project, Thujaoccidentalis ‘Brabant’ was planted in a row along the building adjacent to the House of the Merchant Nikulichev; an ordinary garden lawn was created from the grass mixture of Festucarubra, Festucapratensis and Poapratensis between the House of the Merchant Nikulichev and its fence. According to the project, on the territory there are flowerbeds consisting of perennial plants: Astilbearendsii Gloria Purpurea, Hósta, PotentillafruticosaAbbotswood, Saxifragaarendsii, Heuchera. On the territory of the KupecheskyDvorik near the buildings there are signs with the name of the object, QR and bar codes. The created landscaping elements attract with their beauty, aesthetics and environmental friendliness which contributes to the creation of a high-quality urban environment and an increase in the tourist attractiveness of the village of Ustye


Introduction
Creation and improvement of a comfortable, environmentally friendly and aesthetically rich environment of tourist areas is of great importance both in large cities and rural areas [1].The improvement of tourist areas provides functional and aesthetic comfort for visitors.Comfortable conditions for the stay of people are provided by the convenient accessibility of objects to visit and to serve tourists, the availability of necessary equipment, landscaping elements, landscape design and flower decoration.Signs, billboards, street and square pavement, rubbish bins, shopping kiosks, benches in the streets should be designed in stylistic unity with the appearance of historical buildings and structures of historical cities (tourist centers).
Many studies have been carried out to study the importance of preserving the natural, cultural and historical landscape and the relationship between landscape and tourism, as the basis for planning objects of both historical and ecological tourism [2][3][4][5][6].To improve the quality of residents' life, it is necessary to meet social and environmental needs taking into account balanced human interaction with nature [7].
A large study was carried out by BaoYu, JianmeiWang, YaLi [8].The authors reviewed the environmental aspects of the European landscape planning experience.They studied the experience of European countries, such as Great Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands and others, in implementing an effective system of environmentally oriented landscape planning and landscaping of areas, as well as their protection.
Some authors have explored the importance of choosing tree species for planting, the impact of tree planting on surrounding area microclimate and the health of the residents, as well as the importance of small-scale landscape elements, including flower decoration, for aesthetic and ecological perception [9][10][11][12][13][14].For the creation of a comfortable urban environment, there is the development of projects which aims are to improve a separate territory; there is also the assessment of the ecological state of woody plants carried out for the subsequent development of recommendations to improve public areas [1,[15][16][17].
Ustye is a village in the Vologda Region, the administrative center of the Ust-Kubinsky District.It is located 70 km northwest of Vologda at the confluence of the Kuben River into Kubenskoye Lake.The central square of Ustye has retained its appearance since the 19th century.It is decorated with Nikolsky Cathedral built in 1820-1831, Voznesenskaya Church built in 1763-1773, merchant houses.There are many buildings in the village that have the status of an architectural monument of regional significance; among them are the Nikulichev House, the Ganichev House, the Kruglikhin House, the Izbushkina House, the House of the merchant Zukkerman and others [18].
Every summer since 2001, the village has hosted the Boat Festival, in which thousands of people take part.Along with the holiday, the Ivanovo Fair, known as early as 1735, takes place.The historical center of Ustye village can be called an open-air museum.Such a number of architectural monuments located in one place is a rare thing.Thus, Ustye village is a tourist center of the region, so it is important to create an attractive image of the city for tourists.To do this, it is necessary to carry out landscaping.Landscaping necessarily includes gardening.
The paper aims at the development of a project for the improvement and landscaping of the KupecheskyDvorik public territory in Ustye village.Objectives: landscaping; selection of tree, shrub and flower vegetation; selection of lawn grass; planting of vegetation on the KupecheskyDvorik public territory in Ustye village.
The relevance of the work is due to the fact that the environmental components in the improvement are becoming the most important and unifying factors in the formation of a comfortable urban environment at present.

Materials and methods
The object is the KupecheskyDvorik public territory in Ustye.The subject is the improvement and landscaping of the public area in order to create a new pleasant attraction in Ustye.
The main goal of landscape design is to create a human-friendly spatial environment that has all the necessary functional, aesthetic and environmental properties.Important components of such an environment are putting in order the courtyard facades of the buildings; architectural design and planning of the territory; reconstruction; lighting of territories, buildings, structures, green spaces; placement of street furniture and urban design objects; placement of advertising, elements of visual communication and information.The whole set of these activities aims at creating and developing aesthetics and a socio-ecologically arranged urban environment (Encyclopaedia of landscape design, 2022).
Green spaces are an important and integral part of the landscape design of the entire territory.The main compositional elements in the landscape structure of green spaces include tracts, parterre, grouping, tapeworms of trees and shrubs (3D elements), as well as lawns, ponds, flowerbeds, paving (2D elements).The most dynamic elements are groupings, i.e. combinations of several trees with each other and with shrubs, flowerbeds.
The landscaping structure should form a system that includes all types of green spaces (trees, shrubs, flowerbeds, lawns), since each of them has certain functions.When selecting an assortment of trees, shrubs, flowers and herbaceous vegetation, the climatic conditions of the area should be taken into account, namely, frosty winters and dry periods of summer, plant resistance to external adverse environmental factors.The decorative effect of plants, their height, periods of flowering, etc. are also taken into account [19].The variety of plants should consist of non-poisonous, hypo-allergenic plants.

Results and discussion
A new public space has appeared in the central part of Ustye near the intersection of Sovetskaya and Kommunarov Streets, where there used to be a small path.The name "KupecheskyDvorik" (Translator's note: "kupechesky" -Russian for "related to merchant") was chosen by the residents themselves, because many merchants lived in Ustye at one time when the village was a trading center.On the territory of the new KupecheskyDvorik there are the houses of Nikulichev, Zukkerman and Izbushkina merchants that still exist.
During the improvement of this territory, a 70-meter-long cobblestone pavement was restored; wooden benches and rubbish bins with forged elements were installed along this pavement.A stylized fence and street lamps help to recreate the historical image.There are large square flowerbeds at the beginning and at the end of the courtyard.
Landscaping was carried out in the central part of Ustye village near the intersection of Sovetskaya and Kommunarov streets.Here is the House of the merchant Ivan Nikolayevich Nikulichev known as one of the most beautiful houses in Ustye, built on the model of European castles.The mansion is over 100 years old, but it is perfectly preserved.
In most cases, landscaping combines several types of plantings, resulting in a harmoniously formed space in which all elements match not only with each other but also with urban development.
In accordance with the developed project, along the building adjacent to the House of the Merchant Nikulichev, Thujaoccidentalis 'Brabant' was planted in a row.The height of the trees was 1.5-2 m.The height of the trees was 1.5-2 m.Planting was carried out in a row every 1 m (Fig. 1).Between the House of the Merchant Nikulichev and the fence, an ordinary garden and park lawn was created from a grass mixture of Festucarubra, Festucacapratensis and Poapratensis.These species take root well, Festucacreates the overall density of the grass cover, and Poapratensismakes it silky.
On both sides of the cobblestone pavement, behind the benches a Physocarpusopulifolius is planted in a form of a hedge (Figure 2  Spiraeasalicifolia is planted adjacent to each bench and also at the entrance.There are flowerbeds placed symmetrically between the benches on both sides of the path.They consist of perennial plants: Astilbe arendsii Gloria Purpurea,Hósta, PotentillafruticosaAbbotswood, Saxifragaarendsii, Heuchera (Fig. 2 c, d).These compositions successfully match with the historical appearance of the territory, attracting both residents and tourists with their beauty.Flowerbeds created from these plant species give a visitor aesthetic pleasure from the beauty of flowers, their shape, color, aroma (Figure 3a).
The dissemination of tourist information using QR and bar codes is gaining great popularity.On the territory of the KupecheskyDvorik buildings has nearby standing signs with the name of the object, QR and bar codes (Figure 3b).By clicking on the link, you can get acquainted with the history of buildings, their former owners, and trade.

Conclusion
Environmental harmony, beauty, comfort of the urban environment are the most important factors that determine the attitude of residents to a city.These are essential complementary characteristics of the environment; they help to ensure three aspects concurrently: the environmentally valid satisfaction of the residents' needs; the preservation of nature; the ecological balance.
Thus, in the course of the work, the public territory of the KupecheskyDvorik in the village of Ustye, the Vologda Region, was landscaped and planted.An assortment of trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation was selected; trees and shrubs were planted as long as a lawn and flowerbeds.The created landscaping elements attract with their beauty, aesthetics and environmental friendliness which contributes to the creation of a high-quality urban environment and an increase in the tourist attractiveness of the village of Ustye.

Fig. 3 .
Fig. 3.a) General view of the landscaped area.b) Plates nearby the buildings.