JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF SMART SOCIETY: SOCIETY AND GOVERNANCE ERA 5.0

. The era of society 5.0 or super smart society is urgently needed adjustments, especially for the benefit of society and the preparation of various leading sectors. The future determines unprecedented programs and plans. The analysis used by the research team in writing this scientific paper emphasizes the normative approach method where in strengthening the renewal and refinement of results supported by a qualitative approach and the Grounded theory model. The results of this study show that the Era of Society 5.0 reduces the relationship between humans and technology. And novelty for this research, technology becomes an essential philosophical aspect in supporting needs that must be met by everyone. The perspective of materialism and existentialism views it as a critical period because society is prone to division if not directed properly. The development of society 5.0 in Indonesia was initiated by a pilot project of smart city governance in several major cities and developed through technological aspects and building the character of human resources in smart society 5.0 entities. This perspective analyse also to be conduct and compared with some city has implemented smart city to developed smart society.


Background Study
Today, urban and district planning faces increasingly complex challenges.Apart from the criteria for increasing underdevelopment, cities and districts experience natural population growth and migration triggers the emergence of various economic, social, cultural, and security problems.Residents demand maximum services from city government administrators, while the resources they have are often not supportive.City management based on the utilization of resources and technology offered in the smart city concept is considered as an alternative solution in responding to these challenges.
The proliferation of digital technology is transforming almost every aspect of modern life.The opportunities presented by digital technology are enormous.The development of information technology, resulting in the birth of the industrial revolution and society 5.0.The global social and economic system is heading towards reconfiguration at an extraordinary rate.Connectivity will increasingly reshape our world in many ways.Explicitly, the way we work, live, and play will one day be redefined.In today's world, wherever it is, there will not be a condition that is not affected by the internet.
Through facts presented in the form of newly released figures from the United Nations International Telecommunications Union indicate that the upward trend in internet penetration and mobile phone usage will continue.There are 2.9 billion internet users and 2.3 billion mobile broadband subscriptions worldwide by the end of this year, while 43.6% of households globally will have internet access [1] From the data of internet users in Indonesia is corroborated through opinions: "Modern human actions are currently driven by developing knowledge and it transforms them into a knowledge society with social groups, social situations, social interactions, and social roles that depend on knowledge."[2].
Human characteristics at this time are directed towards the development of science and transform according to the needs of the scientific environment with social society, social situations and several factors that influence it.This represents the progress of science to be the initiating factor for humans or communities in which they are compulsorily transformed following technological developments in creating a social environment that has smart characteristics.The existence of technological transformation starting from the industrial revolution 4.0 to the era of society 5.0 is a holistic unity in determining human resource planning in organizations based on technological intellectual capabilities [3].
Indonesia as a developing country always plays an active role in preparing the trend of Society 5.0.Industry players from various circles, both government and non-government, began to compete to utilize the use of technology and information systems in business processes.This is marked by the existence of several regulations on Electronic-based Government Systems (SPBE), diantaranya Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Republik Indonesia No. 5 tahun 2018 Tentang Pedoman Evaluasi Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik, and the movement towards 100 Smart cities initiated by KOMINFO, KEMENDAGRI, Kementerian PUPR, and Bappenas [4].
The key to smart city development for a region lies not in technology, but in how innovation is created.Therefore, the government through the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology supports local governments to create public service innovations while still paying attention to regulations.Smart city development is part of regional innovation.Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah mandate local governments to be able to innovate in order to improve the performance of governance and regional development.
Innovation as referred to in Article 386 are all forms of reform in the administration of Regional Government.The form of renewal can be in the form of the application of the results of science and technology as well as new findings in the administration of government.In formulating innovation policies, as referred to by Article 387 that local government should refer to the principles of: a. increased efficiency; b. improvement of effectiveness; c. improvement of service quality; d. no conflict of interest; e. oriented to the public interest; f. conducted openly; g. meet the values of propriety; and h.can be accounted for the results not for self-interest.
The development of technology and information-based innovations in governance certainly brings great benefits, especially in realizing effective, efficient, transparent and accountable Good Governance.Public services carried out through society-based innovation 5.0 will certainly improve the quality of government performance in providing public satisfaction with public services [5].Urban areas are currently seen as one option in combining economic, social and environmental development in a sustainable manner.
Smart cities are a model for cities that are inclusive of their citizens.An inclusive city becomes a place where everyone, regardless of their economic condition, gender, race, ethnicity, or religion, is entitled to full participation and equal opportunities in the social, economic and political life offered by the city [6].
In Indonesia, attention to smart city development is increasing.However, empirical evidence contained in the literature on smart city development is lacking.The need for smart city research is growing, whether interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary.Local governments in particular continue to make improvements and get a more holistic picture of smart city development in the Indonesian context.The development of smart cities, of course, does not leave the concept of environmentally friendly.This concept refers to sustainable infrastructure development and is based on zero energy development.Smart cities also have green public areas, with technology used to monitor them.Cities must develop green zones that can be utilized by citizens and the environment.In addition, it is necessary to increase the use of renewable energy in the city.In order to develop the city's infrastructure network, it is necessary to involve various parties and regulations governing the infrastructure layout and commitment to implement an energy-efficient infrastructure layout [7].Legal and administrative views related to public policy are important.Therefore, departing from the issue of the problem above, this research can raise the theme JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF SMART SOCIETY: SOCIETY AND GOVERNANCE ERA 5.0.

Problem Statement
Based on the description of the problem entity in the background, several problems can be arranged which become the following formulation: 1. What is the juridical review of the Smart Society 5.0 arrangement?2. How to Development of Smart Society 5.0 Concept in Society and Government 3. How is Smart Society 5.0 Implemented in Indonesia?
2 Literature Review

Smart City Concept
The concept of "Smart City" or smart city is now starting to be applied in various major cities in Indonesia.This concept is a dream for cities in Indonesia because it is believed to be able to solve various urban problems such as congestion, garbage accumulation everywhere, especially the absence of the latest solution with the final garbage disposal site which is very close to the residential area.According to [8] smart city is a city capable of using human resources, social capital and modern telecommunications infrastructure to realize sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with prudent resource management through community participation-based governance.In line with this, [9] argues that a smart city is a city that uses ICT smartly and efficiently in using various resources, resulting in cost and energy savings, improving services and quality of life, and reducing environmental footprint, all supporting into innovation and an environmentally friendly economy.
Meanwhile, in development priorities, [10] Smart city is a way of connecting physical infrastructure, social infrastructure, and economic infrastructure in a region using ICT technology, which can integrate all elements in these aspects and make the city more efficient and livable.New urban development embedded with information and communication technology (ICT) has emerged as an important discourse shaping future urban prosperity.Smart cities have emerged as solutions to complex urban challenges representing the latest form of information technology-driven urban paradise [11] In various angles of the view mentioned above, it can be synthesized smart city is the concept of city development and management regarding infrastructure, telecommunications, the quality of human resources and other aspect components that are integrated with each other and have interconnectivity in harmonizing the development cycle of compatible urban planning in balancing technological developments.
According to Wikipedia, a smart city is an urban development vision to integrate multiple information and communication technologies (ICT) and Internet of Things (IoT) solutions in a secure form to manage city assets.Deakin defines a smart city as one that leverages ICT to meet market demands, and that community involvement in this process is necessary for a smart city.A smart city will be one that not only has ICT technology in a particular area, but has also implemented this technology in a way that positively impacts the local community [12]

Constructive Development of Smart Society 5.0
The presence of technology today has helped bring convenience to the life of modern humans.The goal of smart society 5.0 in Smart City is to create a humanist and dynamic socio-technical ecosystem of society in the face of technological developments, both physical and virtual for the creation of a productive, communicative, and interactive society with high digital literacy.Literally the purpose of a smart society is realized through the development of three elements in a smart society, namely the community of citizens (community), learning ecosystem (learning), and security system (security).Thus, modern man's need for materials as a demand accompanying this technology has also increased [13].The concept of society 5.0 has important aspects in its implementation.This concept was first proposed by Japan which was written as one of the concepts in anticipating various things, especially the modern "super" society with its various challenges, artificial intelligence, demographics dominated by the elderly population, the necessity to use renewable energy sources that are very small to pollute [14] On the other hand, the Japanese government provides the concept of society 5.0 as a human-centered society that can balance economic progress with solving social problems using a system that integrates the virtual and physical worlds [15] Based on the results of empirical studies from Fukuyama [26] that the goal of society 5.0 is to realize a society where people enjoy life to the fullest.Economic growth and technological development exist for that purpose and not for the prosperity of a few.Although society 5.0 originated in Japan, its goal is not just for the welfare of one country.The frameworks and technologies developed will contribute to solving the challenges of societies around the world.
Furthermore, through empirical studies conducted by Faruqi [17] Society 5.0 is a concept that implements technology in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 by considering aspects of the humanities so that it can solve various social problems and create sustainability.Contradictions with the results of the research conducted Ellitan [18] where if Industry 4.0 places technology only as a machine or tool to access information, then society 5.0 emphasizes that technology and its functions have become part of human life.Then based on the results of scientific conferences conducted Kose & S. S [19] resulting in the use of AI technology, Big Data Analytics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) being the central points that allow technology to help human life in the era of Society 5.0.What is needed in the new era of the world of Society 5.0 is responsiveness to the development of technology 4.0 and our capacity to create high convergence between virtual space and real space as well as Integration of scientific and technological progress with economic progress and solving social problems [20].

Methods
The writing of this article is based on normative research models and processes.To strengthen the analysis and refinement of the discussion, qualitative approaches with the Grounded theory model are carried out by researchers to describe generalizations about things that are observed inductively, emphasizing scientific.Theory and abstraction of developmental interaction processes based on the view of the research flow.Then, analytical tools are used through a conceptual framework based on normative juridical, namely approaches based on various literacy such as laws and regulations, books, and journal articles that have validity from both primary and secondary legal sources to draw appropriate and systematic conclusions from literature and supporting documents.

Results and Discussion
This research uses novelty from the previous one through the stages of analysis processing with several references and grounded theories which are then compiled based on sub-themes, including the following:

Juridical Review of Smart Society 5.0 Arrangements in Indonesia
The firm grip of our nation today, namely Pancasila, is a strong foundation and guide for the ideals of Indonesian independence which is passed on to the next generation as a leader in achieving the goals of the nation and state.Multicultural Indonesia requires a vision and ideals that are able to accommodate the diversity of the nation, from Sabang to Merauke so that the strategic role as the main foundation for the Indonesian nation's outlook on life in resolving all forms of conflicts in the development of the era towards the era of Society 5.0.
The importance of a regulation and legal product in anticipating conflict resolution in the era of Society 5.0 must be supported by the application of moral and ethical values in Pancasila, especially regarding the balance of digital skills, digital culture, digital ethics, and digital security.The development of increasingly advanced era changes will certainly affect how we as a society and all elements of the Indonesian nation must also actively participate in developing, organizing and participating in maintaining a goal to realize an intelligent order of thought or often called the smart society era through various efforts and actions in implementation, including: 1. Build a shared creative space as a means of networking, training, and incubation 2. improve the quality of formal and non-formal education as well as communitybased education; 3. We will improve the quality of vocational school and university graduates to meet employment needs, 4. Facilitate the provision of networks between employers and job seekers; 5. Improve the competence and productivity of job seekers by providing job training facilities with a monitoring and evaluation system, 6. Involving active community participation in developing literacy and a culture of love to read.7. The establishment of a system and support network for progressive reporting of cases of People with Social Problems (PMKS).8. Increase awareness and community empowerment in disaster preparedness and response.9. Increase public awareness and independence in an effort to protect the community.10.Improve the quality of child and family protection by developing child-friendly RWs and building family resilience.11.Creating a friendly and conducive atmosphere between religious communities Artificial technology developed in the era of Society 5.0 is a concept to allow modern science to be used as a necessity in helping human life easily, quickly and comfortably.There are several arrangements applied by the Indonesian government for the legal basis regarding the development of the 5.0 era as follows: 1. Law Number The above legal products are policies that are closely related to regulations made by the government and cannot be separated from the political component and of course to support interests that must be directed and strengthened by law to achieve national goals.Realizing an appropriate order in regulating policies for state purposes needs to be supported by strong laws in the midst of the era of society 5.0 Society, Referring to [21] in his book entitled Technology, Law and Society that the formation of a pattern containing a structured strategy or policy as an effort to implement it when viewed from several concepts and developments that occur from time to time is explained in the following table:

Development of Smart Society 5.0 Concept in Society and Government
Smart City arises from the need for an urban concept that can provide a sustainable life for its citizens as urbanites are increasing in population.The main purpose of smart city implementation is to improve the quality of life of its citizens.Another goal is to promote investment and create a sustainable urban environment, but practically the concept of smart cities is often associated with the use of technology.Wrong conceptions of smart cities have an impact on the purpose of local governments or public officials to utilize technology.Smart cities can also be defined as well-performing cities that are economic, community, governance, mobility, and environmental.A solid combination of local government activities for its citizens can also be a term as a smart city.In general, smart city refers to the search and identification of smart solutions that enable a modern city to improve the quality of services provided to its citizens [7].
Enactment Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah, which is the basis of the spirit of regional autonomy, encourages each region to strive to improve its image, the quality of government administration and of course the quality of public services.The application of E-Government in government administration is considered to be able to improve the performance of the Government Apparatus.The creation of a Local Government website/website is the first step in developing the concept of E-Government [5] Smart cities add value to the construction of public management, interaction between individuals, improving environmental education, and implementing practical administrative efficiency eco, encouraging economic development, and improving the quality of life [23].
In its implementation, there are several benchmarking cities in Indonesia that already have representation from aspects of smart city implementation, including the following: source : [20] Based on the narrative of the table above, it can be represented that the implementation of smart city itself in Indonesia has been initiated by eight major cities with the direction of its application through several aspects.The portrait of technology development in the integration of various services was proclaimed through integrated digitalization.such as in DKI Jakarta City has implemented several facilities for the use of the area both transportation, licensing and public services that use one integrated application.This reduces the existence of great opportunities in building the construct of society 5.0 society assuming smart cities become a strong foundation in lifestyle development and socialization of people who are able to use technological developments as support for their activities.

Development of Smart Society Concept and Its Implementation in Indonesia
The most commonly used theory is the theory of hexagonal dimensions.In this theory Smart City implementation is divided into 6 dimensions, 31 factors, and 75 indicators.This theory is based on Smart People which is the foundation or basis of a smart city, and is supported by policies and infrastructure from mobility, government, economy, and environment that are also smart so as to produce a smart quality of life as desired.In this theory, Smart City applications are divided into 6 main dimensions that represent each aspect.Where the 6 main dimensions are also repartitioned into small sub-subs as indicators to facilitate the implementation of Smart City itself [24] The supporting aspects in smart city development are presented in the following table:

Table 3. Basic Elements in each Dimension of Smart City Implementation
Source : [24] Based on the table above, several factors can be analyzed supporting the creation of a smart city ecosystem by identifying related entities smart government, smart environment, smart living, smart mobility, smart economy and smart people.All of these entities can influence each other in creating a smart city ecosystem and reconstructing technology development in supporting city governance activities.
The paradigm shift of smart society cannot be built by itself.On the contrary, smart society is developed from the complexity of problems in society and changes in society that begin to use technological communication methods to narrow the distance of communication between humans [2].This is reinforced through the basic scheme of Society 5.0 that data is collected from the "real world" and processed by computers, with the results applied in the real world.The scheme itself is not new.To quote a closer analogy, the air conditioning unit automatically keeps the room at a temperature programmed into the unit.The air conditioner regularly measures the room temperature, and the built-in microcomputer then compares the temperature readings with the registered temperature settings.Many of the systems we rely on in society use this basic mechanism.It underlies the systems responsible for keeping our homes adequately supplied with electricity, and those that keep trains running on time.This mechanism relies on computerized automatic control.When people use the term "information society," they mean the society in which each of these systems collects data, process it, and then apply the results in a specific realworld environment [26].
From the results of the Smart City study conducted by the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs in 2017, the urgency of Smart City was born from the increasing population growth rate in urban areas by 2.75 percent every year and according to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), it is predicted that the population living in urban areas will be 56.7 percent in 2020 and will continue to increase to 66.6 percent in 2035 [27].

Conclusion
The arrangement of cities and districts faces increasingly complex challenges.The use of resources and technology in the smart city concept is considered as an alternative solution in responding to these challenges.City management in the era of society 5.0 or super smart society requires adjustments for the benefit of the community and the preparation of various leading sectors.The importance of a regulation and legal product in anticipating conflict resolution in the era of Society 5.0 must be supported by the application of moral and ethical values in Pancasila, especially regarding the balance of digital skills, digital culture, digital ethics, and digital security.Legal products made by the government are used to bring about a proper order.Policies for state purposes need to be supported by strong laws in the midst of the era of society 5.0 Society.
Artificial technology that developed in the era of Society 5.0 is a concept to allow modern science to be used to help the needs of human life easily, quickly and comfortably.Technology becomes an essential philosophical aspect in supporting needs that must be met by everyone.The main purpose of smart city implementation is to improve the quality of life of its citizens.Another goal is to promote investment and create a sustainable urban environment, but practically the concept of smart cities is often associated with the use of technology.
The most commonly used smart city theory is the theory of hexagonal dimensions.This theory is based on Smart People which is the foundation or basis of a smart city, and is supported by policies and infrastructure from mobility, government, economy, and environment that are also smart so as to produce a smart quality of life as desired.Several factors support the creation of a smart city ecosystem by identifying smart government entities, smart environment, smart living, smart mobility, smart economy and smart people.
The emergence of smart cities in the application of various cities also sees the characteristics of the city as the core of the problem both in terms of adequate infrastructure and urban planning development so as to make the policies implemented also in line with the needs of urban planning, this is then used as a novelty of this research to be compiled as an idea for an analysis of policy studies smart society in the 5.0 era.

Table 1 . Construction of the Society 5.0 Development Table from Time to Time
[21]ce:[21]