World development of vocational training of social workers and system of social work and training at the regional level in Tatarstan

. The purpose of our research work is to examine of social workers training in different foreign countries, in Russia and in the Republic of Tatarstan in the aspect of vocational activity on the basis of comparative-historical, systematic, processing and social-informative approaches. Historical method is well put down in the topic of effective training of social workers abroad and in the system of social work in different regions of RF as well as in Tatarstan. Great changes took place in the social life of the society during the ages of existence of social work, that is why this approach has the tendency to widen the sources of the research base and modern, more deep interpretation the processes of social work. The Social work nowadays is a kind of professional and independent activity though it is considered relatively young sphere it has a great diversity of social workers’ vocational training and quite remote traditions. In Russia in the 1990-2000 was slowing down the process of the social security and therefore the training of social workers, after that vocational training of social workers was renewed and the protection and support of the population is guaranteed by the state.


Introduction
The term "social work" is ambiguous: it may mean a profession, the sphere of activity, an educational subject in the curriculum of various institutions preparing social workers, a scientific method.It's idea is rooted in the past.With the internationalization of world 'trends in social security it is important to study and use foreign experience in our country.In this regard we analyze of the modernization of the national and regional vocational education as well as the foreign experience in this field.
The activity in the social sphere is a controversial process: this is the forms of care and nursing, giving a shelter for disabled, invalids, giving help the unemployed, unmarried women with children etc.
Historically, social work was held practically mostly by churches and religious unions with the support of patrons and private persons.So it arose from practical life to ensure the well-being, both material and moral, to protect the interests of needy people.Therefore, social work as a profession is a response to the request.
Just before the beginning the 20 th century social help functioned on the side of the social life.It was the sphere in which investments were poor, it's narrow subjective inclusion did not implement all the functions.
In the former Soviet Union and later in Russia in 1990-2000 social work was in the competence of Ministry of Health and Social Security [1].
Today, the social order of society requires different approaches to solving the social problems so that dispersed competences and vagueness of the basic judicial norms show destructive influence on the activities in social work.
The target is the social changers and social development, social integration and enlargement of the rights, possibilities, freedoms of people.Its theoretical basis is on the principals of social and public responsibility and respect of diversity and the esteem of a person.The practical value of our work is to attract people and local institutional structures for rising people's welfare in the response of the life challengers which are the keys factors of social work.
Our next step is to work out our own model of social workers training in the educational system on the basis of some analytical results of corresponding foreign technologies and educational moduluses.

Materials and methods
It is necessary to establish the state of this type of social activity, so we rely on works of the Tatar researchers N.A. Aitov [2], G.V. Morozov [3] concerning the policy of social security in the Republic of Tatarstan.The social security is aimed at the social changes and social development, social integration and widening of rights, possibilities, liberation of people [4,5].The principles of social justice, the human rights, public responsibility, estimation of diversity are the key points in social work etc. [2,6].
We also relied on the works of leading Tatar researchers concerning the transition to a market economy (R.Kh.Akhmetzyanov [7], F.I. Gainullina [8], T.A. Mirsiyapov [6]).It is based on the theory of social and humanitarian studies as well as the local studies and practices, which involves people and institutional structures to answer the challengers for well-being increasing.
Social workers help to create positive changes in the people's lives to whom they help.In many countries of the world schools and faculties preparing social workers organize the special measures supported by the International Association of Social Work Schools (G.Berngard [9], B.P. Bitinas [10], D.V. Lifintsev [11]) etc. [12].The study of methodological concepts N. De John, F. Idenburg, [13]; A. Davidson [14]; M. Doel and S. Shardlow [15,16]; J. Midgely and Sh.K. Khinduka [17][18][19]; R. Ramsey [20] were of particular importance for our research.With this it was necessary for us to establish which conditions, principals, instruments and tools for studying the structure of world social service education market are important for the RF educational establishments.
The source study is not only the bearer of factological information but the carrier of the social and cultural measurement of any society that is why it's study, reading, interpretation and critical analyses has the fundamental meaning for the formation of the scientific picture of the past.
The processing approach underlines the importance of real situations when planning, predicting and developing concrete actions.According to this reason this method is often used in social studies when it is possible to create some prototypes of developing the social situation and social changes in the frames of the given phenomenon.Except that we used some instruments allowing to classify and systematize, supply and deepen data and information which helps to preserve the objectiveness.
We also used methodological reflectivity and the qualitative analyses of the empirical data as the cognitive procedure in the social studies.
The social-informative approach is oriented to the analyses of national and local mass media concerning problems of social security, social work and social help.

Results
According to researchers, charity was one of the most important virtues.In ancient Rome and ancient Greece a tradition of outdoor dining on the occasion of any major festivals or public events was not an exceptional thing.Such traditions were not strangers in Christianity either.
It was the formation of public and private forms of organization of charity beginning from the nearly the 12 th century up to the end of XVIII-XIX centuries.The historical practice of charitable activity took place as the philanthropic activities of public organizations and private philanthropists (children and adults who cannot support themselves: orphans, the blind, the disabled, the deaf, also in health care institutions and prisons).
At the turn of XIX-XX centuries the given phenomenon developed in the world unevenly.The most successful examples were schools of social work in the Netherlands, in Germany, and later in England, Switzerland, the USA, Canada [29, p. 10].In the above named countries social education developed fast and variable.
According to Efimova M.V. "In the early 20th century the further development of social work as a professional activity was directly related to the growing industrialization as well as the women's movement for emancipation…" [22].
Social work education after the Second World War developed in parallel and in accordance with the social security system [30,31].The training of the social workers and the system of social security passed different stages.
In Russia the profession of social worker did not exist for a long time [31].The first attempts of training of social workers in Russia were made in 1907 when the first school of social work appeared and the courses were conducted with more than 700 persons audience and the most remarkable public activists from all parts of Russia made lectures which were aimed on making popular social sciences.1925 was the year of professional social education beginning the study of up-bringing work where activists for different social jobs were prepared.The great interest arose to this courses because practical training consisted of studying living conditions and requirements of various social media, visiting medical, educational, upbringing establishments, conducting questionnaires and surveys.
In 1989-1991 the transitional period required serious efforts for adapting to the new social-economic reality.Actually the difficulties were connected as with the limited adaptation abilities accessible for the most part of the population as with the lack of understanding the demands imposed by crucial life changes.The fact is that the social workers help to change the life of needed people and co-associations positively.Before that time the social help kept aloof of public life and social welfare.It was guided by the Ministry of Health.It was where the disperse of competences and the lack of the basic legal norms rendered negative affect on the social help [1].In today's global European experience in the training of social work teachers and social workers are extremely varied and difficult to generalize.R. Ramsay from Canada indicates that "... the perspectives and characteristics of social work social workers lead to new broad understanding of social work as a science -the profession" [20].
In all countries there are vocational schools of training social workers, which in their turn are different in the type of training [32].
In the first group the main type of training social workers is non-university one.Countries in which a university and non-university type of training is developed belong to the second or group.Russia is included in this group and restores studies in social work at various levels.The third group represents university type of training [15,29].
The education of social workers in the near abroad countries, going different ways, shows a great interest.In the Russian Federation training of social workers started on the bases of the universities of different profiles and colleges: teaching, medical, technical.There are forty-nine universities in the RF with the direction of training Social work (04.01.00), type of diploma in this specialty: Bachelor of Social Work, Master of Social Work.
The social welfare system in the Republic of Tatarstan differs from most other regions of RF with decentralization models.According to Rustam Minikhanov as President of Tatarstan, in the 1990s, the threat of deliberate exacerbation by the republican leadership was used to seek economic and political preferences from the federal center [33, p. 70].It consists of all sorts of social programs regulated by federal law [34] or state law in the Republic of Tatarstan or regional agencies and local social security authorities.Local authorities take individual programs [3,[6][7][8].
The training of social workers in the Republic of Tatarstan is carried out at the number of universities and colleges: Kazan State Medical University, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan college of Culture and Arts, Moscow (branch in Naberezhnye Chelny) college of Culture under the specialist's programs (04.01.01)Social Work, graduating Specialist, Social Work Specialist; undergraduate programs (39.03.02)Social work graduating Academic Bachelor, Applied Bachelor; under the master's program (39.04.02)Social work master.
Our study was based on Moscow (branch in Naberezhnye Chelny) college of Culture.We worked out a model of professional training of a graduate social worker in accordance with the social orientation of social work, possessed various competences which are necessary for implementing his professional duties.First of all, we bared in mind the public objectives of social work and training specialists in this field as well as the demands of the local authorities of social security, taking into account their strategic lines: social work with lonely elderly people, social work with unemployed, social work with families with some troubles, social work with disabled persons and invalids, social work with children and youth with deviant behavior and so on.A graduate social worker must be competent in financing and expenses on social therapy, that is why there is a course of studying financing literacy connecting with the social sphere.A graduate social worker must know the standard law base which is the part and parcel of his future work with a client.Organizational activities are shown by the interaction of many interconnected parts and also supervision.Supervision uses different integral methods of work with a client.The work with information received, analyzing, studying its content component as well as its interpretation and evaluation is an important competence of a graduate specialist.
So the given model of training social workers forms an integral system that includes the tasks, content, forms and methods of training, as well as the financial, personnel side, and work with clients.The final step is the interpretation of the information received and the further integration of social work into community strategies.
The creation of a new system of social welfare and disconnection with the soviet epoch was the part of economic and social reforms of the 21 st century.The aim was in changing obsolete social system which was a universal, based on helping logics.Employment and Social Insurance Funds of the Russian Federation became the great stage in reforming.These funds belongs to the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Labor and Social Protection and responsible for working out social policy and adoption of legal documents in the fields of health and labor, social action and consumer protection.Diversification of social powers and personal social help must be developed in new state conditions [7].
The raise of social informing and universal social expectations, the necessity of organizing rational as well as effective social help and the search of preventive measures promoted the increasing demand for the professionals in the regional level.This circumstance leads to the fact that the objectively emerging state-public system of managing the social protection of the population currently needs legal [35,36], organizational [37], managerial [38], informational and personnel consolidation [32, p. 138].
According to the requirements of entering the "common European educational space", the convergence of educational and educational systems of Western European countries, the purpose of which is to train a "citizen of the world", a functionally competent, highly qualified social worker who knows how to succeed [24, p. 58; 39].
The need for professional education, as T.M. Tregubova writes, develops throughout the professional life of a social worker.[26, p. 102].
It is due to its direct organization the process of vocational training of qualified social workers give keys allowing to understand the evolution and complexity of the social system.This way gives the material on scientific approach to classify the data on the given problem.The problem can be found in a process, a phenomenon, an organization, a structure and a system, which may be in information conclusion by means of analyses of individual characteristics as an integral part of the state system of social protection of the population.
The given approach allows to create quite a real picture of this or that occurrence.
As we see in the study by I.Sh Kharisov and R.Kh.Akhmetzyanov "…Newly emerging forms of social support for the population are focused on targeted assistance to a person or family.Gradually, a clear "social vertical" is being built, areas of social responsibility of different levels of government are being defined" [7,32].
The Republic of Tatarstan maintains and expands its own of social system.The aspirations for rationalizing social knowledge develops through the phenomenon of the international intellectual and political life.International conferences and social work movements are held in the republic.In this connection the training of social workers is developed and regulated by the world educational services market, the diplomas in social work are distributed.Social education is structured in new fields, in particular, controlled education which is the part of special medical, legal, cultural, teaching education.Methods of social work teaching and educational technologies improve the process of teaching social workers [41,42].
It is amazing that it is due to the fact social activity in the republic was formed within the period of autocratic power and was forced to resist crisis situation in the country, firmly "molds" this sector of society.The tension between the modernism and conservatism which is come across religious and public secular education does not prevent from but gives the acceleration the further development social professions, professional education, professional organizations and institutions.
Nowadays the problem consists in a qualitative change of the attitude to the choice of profession in modern conditions.«Currently, to prepare students interested in modern professional trends in the world of professions the idea of early vocational guidance E3S Web of Conferences 449, 07003 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344907003PDSED 2023 and the specifics of the selection of candidates for a particular profession is of the great importance …» [43, p. 235].
"A person and is provided by the implementation of the following professionally oriented activities with high school students with the inclusion of a student audience in this process: open days, preparation and distribution of information and methodological materials; advisory assistance, etc. [23, p. 153].
The main public goals of social work are fundamental for the training of a specialist in this field and depend on the direction (lines) of public strategies.It is impossible not to take into account all kinds of costs, including for social therapy.
The further development of social work education and training of social workers at the University level is connected with the launching extra-mural education of social service workers for leading, analytical, researching positions.[8,32].By the decision of the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Labor and Social Protection the new form of post graduate education for specialists -leaders of different levels was introduced.It was so called improvement of the skills in social assistance, held by the Medical Center post graduate education.Its curriculum was just the analogous to the post graduate education in the Health field.

Conclusion
It is impossible to overestimate the contribution of the development of vocational training of social workers because social work implements two main functions: compensatory and preventive.Together with all organizational questions it embraces educational problems, medical services, legal questions.
The social order of society requires different approaches to solving the problems of the social and professional formation of the younger generation, therefore turning to foreign experience in organizing professional training in social work and training personnel for its implementation can be very useful.
The process of social reform is closely connected with the revival of the democratic movement, where social protection has a special place.This explains the interest of society in the social reforming, in which the creation of human social protection system plays a pivotal role.
Great attention is payed to training social work students to work with specific groups of the population, for example, providing assistance to adolescents, children with behavioral problems and their families, people with mental disabilities, the elderly, offenders and the problems that they have to deal directly after graduating from the high school.
In the purposes of the educational standards unification on the social work speciality, realized in universities and in above mentioned fields necessary skills, competences, minimal number of classroom hours, special subjects and field training are pointed.The changers in the training of Social work bachelors and masters' curricula are incorporated gradually.Social work training is carried out by the state universities, Private educational institutions of higher education, colleges and courses.