Comprehensive assessment of economic activity for high-tech enterprises

. The objective of this article is the classification ranking of a set of corporations' subsidiaries based on a comprehensive assessment. Integrated approaches to assessing the efficiency of economic activity of enterprises, as well as the formation of a system of indicators used in the integrated analysis are studied. The review of methods of rating ranking of a set of enterprises is carried out. The result of the study is the constructed matrix of analytical indicators with ranking of the efficiency of economic activity of high-tech enterprises.


Introduction
The trend of combining several companies into a single company to improve the efficiency of production and competitiveness of high-tech products in domestic and foreign markets is particularly relevant in modern Russian economy.On this basis, in domestic practise, every year more and more high-tech enterprises belonging to the same sector of the economy are united into integrated industrial structural associations [1], which in turn entails the complication of the organisational form [2] and all business processes, as well as the management of the corporation as a whole.
In this regard, the parent companies have a more acute need for continuous monitoring, diagnostics of the financial condition of the enterprises included in the integrated association.Thus, the role of complex analysis and assessment of the efficiency of economic activity of the companies included in the integrated structure increases.
The complex analysis of the efficiency of economic activity of the enterprise allows to estimate dynamism and stability of its economic growth, efficiency of use of economic potential, market position and competitiveness, as well as opportunities and prospects of development.On the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of economic activity of enterprises included in the integrated structure, their ranking is carried out, allowing to assess and identify the "weaknesses" of the organisation, which, in turn, can affect the adoption of management decisions [3] on financing and other support.

Rating ranking methods based on comprehensive assessment
Modern complex analysis is designed to study the requirements of stakeholders to the activity of the enterprise, as well as to compare them with the actually achieved results of economic activity.If gaps between the desired and actual state of affairs are identified, complex analysis allows to evaluate and justify ways of their elimination through specific changes associated with individual business processes, with the introduction of new technologies and the development of new types of products, as well as with the implementation of investment projects.Therefore, complex analysis is oriented not only to the needs of the current management of economic activity, but also to the need for objective justification of measures to manage changes in the company.
Complex analysis implies the interconnected study of all essential conditions of business implementation, all its sides, segments and divisions.Its purpose is to provide a holistic understanding and assessment of the company's activities as a whole, identifying existing problems and reserves, justification of measures to optimise all aspects of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise.
An integrated approach to the study of all aspects of economic activity of enterprises as economic entities is used mainly in domestic practice.In foreign organisations a thematic, local approach to the analysis of individual business processes, parameters and groups of indicators is more widespread.Only recently, analytical methods that provide for a comprehensive study of several business characteristics (balanced system of indicators, control panels, etc.) have started to develop there.
The content of complex analysis is determined by the breadth of users' access to information sources, and the quality of analytical conclusions and proposals, respectively, depends on its completeness and reliability.The most important sources of information are all types of reporting: accounting, statistical, operational.Users of information of complex analysis can be not only stakeholders, but also other non-stakeholders, such as auditors, legal authorities, insurance companies and others.
It is important to note that all aspects of complex analysis should have a long-term strategic analysis, which aligns the research of external and internal environments of the organisation with its mission and business model.Complex analysis of economic activity is the most important function of management of modern enterprises and integrated structures.It is reasonable to present the role of complex analysis in the enterprise management system as follows (Figure 1).Fig. 1.Role of complex analysis in the management system of a commercial organisation [6] E3S Web of Conferences 458, 04022 (2023) EMMFT-2023 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345804022For a comprehensive characterisation of the company and the peculiarities of its existence, a system of indicators is used [4,5].As a rule, indicators are formed in the process of accounting (accounting, financial, managerial, statistical, tax, operational and technical), in the processes of business planning, rationing, investment design, marketing research and study of the requirements of stakeholders of the organisation.However, some indicators are formed in the course of the analysis itself and are built on the basis of its objectives.
It should be noted that the classification of indicators for each enterprise can be individual, as the complex analysis of economic activity is essentially a management analysis.Therefore, the set and grouping of indicators used is determined by the enterprise independently, based on its needs, as well as taking into account its sectoral affiliation.
The most complete classification of indicators is given in the works of Barilenko V. I. [6,7], presented as an information model of the company's activity, which includes a set of the following blocks of indicators (Figure 2).

Fig. 2. Classification of indicators of complex analysis of the enterprise activity.
In order to compare the results of a comprehensive assessment of different business units, integrated structures may rank the enterprises included in it.
Ranking of enterprises is a comprehensive comparative assessment of the financial and economic condition of enterprises selected in a certain way and placing them in one row in accordance with the results of this assessment.Comparison of the enterprise with similar enterprises in terms of industry or scale of activity is carried out on the basis of the values of some indicators of their activities, makes it possible to determine its place among competitors, determining its importance -rank among other companies.
Rating ranking is used not only to determine the position of an enterprise in one sphere, scale of activity or among competitors.This method of complex analysis is often used to compare the performance of enterprises that are part of an integrated structure (corporation), as well as different divisions of the same enterprise.Ranking enables to assess and identify the "weaknesses" of the organisation, thus influencing managerial decisions of the general director on financing and other support of the enterprise.Today there are many methods of rating ranking of enterprises.Let us consider some methods that are most often used in practice.
N. K. Chaika, V. I. Lapenkov, E. V. Luther, and V. P. Panagushin in their work apply the methodology based on a complex indicator.On the basis of private indicators, the complex indicator of financial and economic condition of enterprises is calculated.The methodology of calculating the complex indicator determines the ranking system, where each value of a private indicator corresponds to a score, the sum of which gives a comprehensive assessment of the financial and economic condition of each enterprise.The indicators of the complex assessment of financial and economic condition include the indicators presented in Table 1 [8].Based on the value of the complex indicator of financial condition assessment, the enterprises of the industry are ranked according to the following groups presented in Table 2.It should be noted that this methodology, as a rule, is used in crisis management and includes certain indicators of financial performance, without taking into account the indicators of operating and investment activities.
Barilenko V. I. in the textbook on complex analysis of economic activity [6] for the comparison of comparable companies provides a model for building efficiency ranking, based on a system of indicators selected for a particular enterprise.The ranking is made with the help of multidimensional comparative analysis by the distance method, which allows us to take into account not only the absolute values of indicators of each organisation, but also the degree of their proximity to the indicators of best practice.In this connection, the indicators of efficiency of the compared organisations are presented in the form of coefficients that take into account the ratio of the indicator of the compared enterprise to the indicator of the best organisation, which is taken as one.
At the first stage, the system of indicators is selected, by which the results of economic activity of organisations will be assessed, the necessary data are summarised and a matrix of initial indicators is formed.At the second stage, the best value is identified for each of the efficiency indicators, which is taken as a unit (ideal).Then all other indicators of the row are divided by the best value of the indicator, resulting in a matrix of standardised coefficients (Xij).At the third stage, all elements of the coordinate matrix are squared.If the problem is solved taking into account the different significance of indicators, the obtained results are multiplied by the value of the corresponding weighting coefficients (K;), established by expert judgement, after which the results are added up by rows and the square root is extracted from the sum obtained (value Ri).
The value Ri, for each enterprise is defined as the square root of the n th degree of the sum of squares of deviations for each of the enterprises selected for rating, where n is the number of indicators, and m is the number of objects to be rated: Further, the obtained rating scores are ordered in descending order, which allows positioning each of the organisations in relation to the best result.The first place will be taken by the organisation with the highest rating value, the second place -by the organisation with a lower result, etc.As a result of such ordering, a ranking (ordered rating) of effectiveness is formed.

Experimental part.
Rating ranking of the corporation's subsidiaries on the basis of comprehensive assessment.
For a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of economic activity of the integrated structure and its member enterprises by a single type of economic activity, an information model was formed, presented in Figure 3.The set of indicators was determined taking into account the industry specifics of the enterprises, as well as based on the available data on each enterprise.On the basis of complex analysis, it is advisable to conduct a ranking of enterprises included in the integrated structure, united by a single type of economic activity.The construction of efficiency ranking was carried out according to the algorithm (Figure 4) based on the method of distances Barilenko V. I. [6].Weight coefficients by type of activity were determined by expert judgement.Based on the comprehensive assessment, a matrix of standardised coefficients (Xij) is formed, where the best value is identified for each of the performance indicators, which is taken as one (ideal), and all other indicators are divided by the best value of the indicator and squared.
Then the results are added up by rows and the square root -Ri value -is extracted from the sum obtained.The Ri value for each enterprise is determined as the square root of the nth degree of the sum of squares of deviations for each type of activity, taking into account the weighting coefficients for each of the enterprises selected for rating.Further, the obtained rating scores are ordered in descending order, which allows positioning each of the organisations in relation to the best result.The first place is occupied by the organisation with the highest rating value, and the last place is occupied by the organisation with the lowest result.As a result of this ordering, an efficiency ranking is formed.

Results and discussion
In the process of rating a set of subsidiaries of the corporation according to the formed system of key indicators reflecting various aspects of economic activity, a matrix of analytical indicators was built (tab.3).As a result of the ordering of the obtained ratings (Ri) in descending order, the efficiency ranking was formed.

Conclusions
According to the ranking results, companies No.1, No.3 and No.2 were ranked 3-5.
Accordingly, these enterprises are most in need of financing and other support from the parent corporation.Undoubtedly, modern software tools make it possible to promptly conduct multidimensional analysis of a wide range of complex analysis indicators and build ratings and rankings.Thus, the use of ratings and the analysis of their dynamics allow the corporation to assess the dynamics of relative efficiency and effectiveness of enterprises included in the integrated structure, to position the subject in relation to other (comparable) enterprises, to determine the effectiveness of ongoing programmes to improve the efficiency of economic activity through their impact on the change in the rating, as well as to identify the best enterprises whose experience can be considered to improve the efficiency of other subsidiaries, and, most importantly, to be used in planning and building effective strategic maps.

E3SFig. 3 .
Fig. 3. System of indicators for complex analysis of economic activity efficiency by types of activity.

Table 1 .
Comprehensive evaluation indicators

Table 2 .
Company ranking depending on the values of the complex indicator The company is in a pre-crisis state: financially unstable, has overdue debts.Low profitability of assets, low share of cash in revenue may lead to loss of solvency.It is necessary to take measures for financial recovery.

Table 3 .
Results of the comparative rating assessment of the enterprises' activity included in the integrated structure by a single type of economic activity